Laboratory Air Handling Unit System

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1 Labtoy A Handlng Unt Systm Yuj u Gaduat Studnt ollg of Engnng and nology Unvsty of Nbaska Lnoln ngsng Lu Assoat Pofsso ollg of Engnng and nology Unvsty of Nbaska -Lnoln ABSRA An nnovatv AHU systm s sntd n ts a. oosd AHU systm s alld a Labtoy A Handlng Unt (LAHU systm sn t s most sutabl fo t buldngs w on ston (labtoy as 00% xaust wl t ot ston (off allows a to ulat. LAHU systm uss lss tmal ngy, ovds btt ndoo a qualty, and qus lss systm aaty tan tadtonal AHU systms. INRODUION odn sa buldngs oftn ontan bot labtos and off sa. Sn t labtoy ston annot us yld a, dsgns tadtonally us 00% outsd a. In t ast 0 yas, mu sa wok as onntatd on dasng ngy onsumton n labtoy buldngs. Sval ngy onsvaton masus and dsgns av bn dvlod. Exaust a s usd to -ondton outsd a toug a at xang dung bot wnt and summ monts [Bak 994; Bad 994]. at ovy gatly dass manal oolng and atng ngy onsumton. Outsd a s sgnfantly dasd wn vaabl a volum fum oods a usd [Numan and Roussau 986; Davs and Bnjamn 987]. A VAV systm may onsum 50% lss ngy tan a onstant volum systm. oday, t s a ommon at to us saatd systms n labtoy and off stons n sa buldngs. A ddatd AHU fo an off ston allows sutdown on wknds and at ngts. onsquntly, t ovall ngy onsumton s dasd. akng an ntgatd ngy analyss a, a Labtoy A Handlng Unt (LAHU systm s dvlod n ts a. LAHU ovds btt ndoo a qualty fo t off ston but uss sgnfantly lss tmal ngy. otntal ngy modls fo t LAHU systm a dvlod. otmal ngy savngs and outsd a ntak ato a valuatd and analyzd. SYSE ODELS s ston snts ngy onsumton modls fo bot t bas systm and t LAHU systm. otntal ngy savngs s dtmnd by takng t dffn of t bas systm and t LAHU systm und t sam ld ondtons. Bas Systm odl Fgu sows a smat dagam of a onvntonal a andlng systm fo labtoy buldngs (bas systm. AHU svs t off ston and AHU svs t labtoy ston. AHU uss yld a along wt t mnmum outsd a qud to mak u t total suly a qumnt. AHU uss 00% outsd a. akng an ntgatd a, t ngy balan, a mass balan and mostu balan a gvn blow fo t nt buldng. g nv (, j j, j j g g, j j, j j, j j Patnt Pndng Podngs of t Fst Intnatonal onfn fo Enand Buldng Oatons, Austn, xas, July 6-9, 00

2 Fgu. Smat dagam of a andlng unt systm fo bas systm (, j j, j j (3, j j, j j u u u, j j, j j, j j mal ngy onsumton s t sum of atng and oolng ngy onsumton. tmal ngy onsumton of quaton ( s wttn n t fom of quaton (4, n od to faltat t otntal ngy savngs alulaton lat. nv - - g (4 LAHU systm Fgu sows a smat dagam of t LAHU systm. LAHU as two suly fans and on tun fan. Fan (S.F. suls a to t off ston. Fan (S.F. suls a to t labtoy ston. tun fan ulats t tun a fom t off ston to t suly fan o, o bot. Rtun a an b snt t ustam o downstam of oolng ol, o n bot dtons. ngy balan, a mass balan and mostu balan quatons a lstd blow fo t nt buldng: nv - - g (5, j j, j j, j j, j j (6 LAHU systm as no mat on t fan ow onsumton. s study assums zo nfltaton and zo umdfaton ngy onsumton., j j u (7 Podngs of t Fst Intnatonal onfn fo Enand Buldng Oatons, Austn, xas, July 6-9, 00

3 Fgu. Smat dagam of a andlng unt systm fo LAHU systm u u, j j, j j ngy savngs s dfnd as t ngy onsumton dffn btwn t bas systm and t LAHU systm. If t labtoy ston as t sam oom tmatu as t off ston, t ngy savngs an b xssd by quaton (8 aodng to quaton (4 and (5: ( ( ( (8 Equatons (9 and (0 a ddud fom quatons ( and (6: ( (9 ( (0 Intodung quatons (9 and (0 nto quaton (8, t otntal ngy savngs s: ( ( ( ( { }, (, 0 ( m,, m,, {, (, } 0 ( m,, m,, { (, (, } m,, m,, { (, (, 0} 0 m,, m,, ( (3 mn, (4 (5 m, ( mn, mn, m, ( m, ( m, m, (6 (7 (8 (- nt (0, Summ (, (, (9 (- nt (0, Summ (, (, (0 old dk a tmatu of t labtoy ston uss dffnt st onts dung wnt and summ fo t umdty ontol. s mats t outsd a ontol sdul. o lmnat t mat of buldng sz on t savng valus, t unt ngy savngs s dfnd as t ato of t total ngy savngs to t total aflow at to t off and labtoy stons. q /( ( w Fo wnt monts, t otntal ngy savngs ( q w s xssd by quaton (: Podngs of t Fst Intnatonal onfn fo Enand Buldng Oatons, Austn, xas, July 6-9, 00

4 q w ϕ {[ ( mn, mn, w, ], [( ], 0} mn, mn, w, ( ϕ {( w,, ( w,,0} ϕ {[ w, ( ], [( w, ( ],0 } ( ϕ {[( w, ( ], [( w, ( ],0 } {[ γϕ( ϕ( mn, ζ ( ], [ γϕ ϕ( ζ ( ], 0} ( mn, Fo summ monts, t otntal ngy savngs ( q s s xssd by quaton (3: q s ϕ{ [( mn, mn, s, ],,0 [( mn, mn, s, ] } ϕ {( s,, ( s,,0} [( s, ( ] [ ( ],0 } ( ϕ{, ( s, ( ϕ(, (, γ ζ ϕ ( (0, s,, (, (0,,,0 s (, (, γϕ ϕ( ζ (, [ ( mn, ] [ γϕ ϕ( ζ (, 0]} { ( s, mn, s,, (3 (4 (5 (6 (7 ϕ ( γ ζ (8 ϕ n at ovy s nludd n bot t bas and LAHU systms, t ondton of t a lavng t at-ovy unt s naly t sam fo bot t bas and LAHU systms. otntal ngy savngs an stll b dtmnd usng quaton (. ondton of t outsd a sould b lad by t ondton of t a lavng t at ovy unt. ANALYSIS ngy onsumton was smulatd fo bot bas systm and t LAHU systm usng t analytal modls. Bot t bas and LAHU systms av t sam old dk st ont fo t off ston and labtoy ston dung wnt. Dung summ, t old dk st ont s 55 F fo t off ston. In wnt, t old dk st ont s st to 60 F to das at. Dung summ, t old dk st ont of t bas systm s 55 F fo t labtoy ston. old dk st ont of t LAHU systm s st at 65 F. Baus t labtoy ston vs a fom t off ston, t g st ont wll not at a umdty oblm. g suly a tmatu wll das t -at sgnfantly. oom ondton s assumd to b 75 F and 50% latv umdty. atual oom latv umdty ondtons n labtoy ston may b slgtly dffnt dndng on t tun a ato. It s also assumd tat ommon xaust s 3% of t total suly aflow. otntal ngy savngs dnds on t total otmal outsd a ntak, t outsd a ntak to t off, and t outsd a ondton. total otmal outsd a ntak an b xssd as t off aflow ato (ϕ. If t off aflow ato s 30%, t otmal outsd a ntak s 70% lus t ommon xaust n t off ston. otntal ngy savngs s alulatd und dffnt tmatus. outsd a latv umdty s assumd to b 50%. Und a tmatu, t outsd a ntak faton fo t off ston angs fom 0% to 00%. Fgu 3 snts t smulatd ontou ln of otntal tmal ngy savngs vsus t outsd a tmatu ( o and off ston outsd a ntak ato (. ontou ln snts t sam otntal savngs ln. In ts smulaton, t off aflow ato, ϕ, s. ngy savngs s atgozd nto fv gons. Podngs of t Fst Intnatonal onfn fo Enand Buldng Oatons, Austn, xas, July 6-9, 00

5 Rgon I: at of wnt ton. outsd a tmatu s lss tan 50 F. mxd a tmatus fo bot t off and labtoy stons a g tan o qual to t old dk st onts stvly. low bounday osonds to t tal off outsd a ntak ato tat maks t mxd a tmatu qual ts suly a tmatu. g bounday osonds to t tal labtoy outsd a ntak ato tat maks t mxd a tmatu qual ts suly a tmatu. LAHU systms onsum no manal oolng ngy. otntal tmal ngy savngs an b dtmnd usng quaton (9: ( ( (9 Bot quatons (9 and smulaton sults sow tat t otntal tmal ngy savngs s ndndnt of t off ston outsd a ntak ato. bas systm nds manal oolng sn t dos not av an onomz. atng ngy savngs dass as outsd a tmatu nass. oolng ngy savngs nass as t outsd a tmatu nass. tmal ngy savngs (atng and oolng nass as outsd a tmatu nass. n t outsd a tmatu nass fom 0 F to 50 F, t tmal ngy savngs nass fom.5 Btu/lbm to Btu/lbm. Rgon II: at of wnt ton. outsd a tmatu s low tan 50 F. outsd a ntak atos a low tan t tal valus fo bot off and labtoy stons. In ts gon, manal oolng s qud du to t outsd a ntak ato. n t off ston outsd a ntak ato s low tan ts tal valu, otntal ngy savngs dass as t off ston outsd a ntak ato dass. n t labtoy ston outsd a ntak ato s low tan ts tal valu, savngs dass as t off ston outsd a ntak ato nass. savngs nass as t outsd a tmatu nass. Und t sam tmatu, t savngs n Rgon II s low tan t savngs n Rgon I. systm sould b ontolld n Rgon I. Rgon III: t outsd a tmatu s btwn 50 F and 55 F. It aas tat t maxmum tmal ngy savngs ous wn t off outsd a ntak s aoxmatly 0.6. savngs dass as t outsd a ntak atos dvat fom ts valu. b II IV V I III II O (F Fgu 3. Potntal mal Engy Savngs ontou Ln Vsus Outsd A matu and Off Ston Outsd A Intak Faton (Off otal A Flow Is 50% of t otal Buldng Aflow Rgon IV: t outsd a tmatu s btwn 55 F and 75 F. Outsd a tmatu s g tan old dk a st ont 55 F. Otmal ngy savngs angs fom.5 Btu/lbm to Btu/lbm. Und a outsd tmatu, t otntal tmal ngy savngs nass as off ston outsd a ntak ato nass wn t s low tan t a low off ston outsd a ntak ato, t labtoy ston suly a tmatu s low tan qud and at ous. n t off ston outsd a ntak ato s nasd, at ngy onsumton dass and tmal ngy savngs nass. n t off ston outsd a ntak ato s g tan 0.68,t labtoy ston oolng ol ondnsng ngy onsumton nass as off ston outsd a ntak ato nass. us, tmal ngy savngs dass as off ston outsd a ntak ato nass. Rgon V: t outsd a tmatu s g tan oom tmatu (summ. otmal ngy savngs vas fom Btu/lbm to 3.8 Btu/lbm. Und a outsd tmatu, ngy savngs as t maxmum valu wn off ston outsd a ntak ato s qual to o g tan 0.6. n t off ston outsd a ntak ato s 0.6 o g, no at s qud. tmal ngy savngs s unangd. n off ston outsd a Podngs of t Fst Intnatonal onfn fo Enand Buldng Oatons, Austn, xas, July 6-9, 00

6 ntak ato s low tan 0.6, t labtoy ston suly a tmatu s low tan t st ont du to t qumnt of umdty ontol, and tus at ngy s onsumd. Rat ngy onsumton nass as t off ston outsd a ntak ato dass. mal ngy savngs das as outsd a ntak ato dass. otmal off ston outsd a ntak ato n Rgon V s 00%. smulaton sults sow tat t otmal ngy savngs vas fom.5 Btu/lbm to Btu/lbm fo wnt and fom Btu/lbm to 3.8 Btu/lbm fo summ. otmal off ston outsd a ntak ato vas fom 0.65 to.00. It s motant to ont out tat otntal ngy savngs dnds on outsd a ntak. fo, t outsd a ntak ato must b oly ontolld. Fgu 4 snts t smulatd ontou ln of otntal tmal ngy savngs vsus t outsd a tmatu ( o and off ston outsd a ntak ato (. off ston aflow ato s. otmal ngy savngs vas fom.9 Btu/lbm to.9 Btu/lbm n summ and u to 4.3 Btu/lbm n wnt. It aas tat t off ston aflow ato nfluns otntal tmal ngy savngs, ndoo a qualty, and tonal ontol of t systm. o studs a qud to daw onlusons. ONLUSIONS study sows tat t LAHU systm uss lss tmal ngy and ovds btt ndoo a qualty und all ld and wat ondtons. mal ngy savngs an b u to 3.8 Btu ound suly aflow fo tyal labtoy buldngs. off ston outsd a ntak ato s oftn 00% dung summ. dvlod modls ovd a sml mtod to analyz and alulat ngy savngs, avodng tatmnt of sa lds. AKNOLEDGEEN autos would lk to xss gattud to s. Db Dk fo dtl assstan. b O (F Fgu 4. Potntal mal Engy Savngs ontou Ln Vsus Outsd A matu and Off Ston Outsd A Intak Faton (Off otal A Flow Is 70% of t otal Buldng Aflow NOENLAURE,, total flow at of ngy ad by outsd a n t bas and LAHU systms, Btu/ total atng (at and at suly flow at to t ontol volum n t bas and LAHU systms, Btu/ g total ntnal at gan flow at of t ontol volum, Btu/,, total ngy flow at ad by lasd a n t bas and LAHU systms, Btu/ total ngy flow at ad by xaust a, Btu/ total oolng ngy flow at n t bas and LAHU systms, Btu/ total ngy flow at tat fum ood xaust a ay n t lab ston, Btu/ nv total nvlo ld of t wol buldng, Btu/ Podngs of t Fst Intnatonal onfn fo Enand Buldng Oatons, Austn, xas, July 6-9, 00

7 ,,,, flow at of ngy ad by outsd a nto off and labtoy ston n t bas systm, Btu/, flow at of ngy ad by outsd,, a nto off and labtoy ston n t LAHU systm, Btu/ flow at of ngy ad by lasd a fom off ston n t bas and LAHU systms, Btu/ g,, g, ntnal at gan flow at fo off ston and labtoy ston, Btu/,,, at flow at to t off ston and labtoy ston n t bas systm, Btu/, at flow at to t off ston,, and labtoy ston n t LAHU systm, Btu/ R,, R, at flow at to t off ston and labtoy ston n t bas systm, Btu/, at flow at to t off ston R, R, and labtoy ston n t LAHU systm, Btu/,,, flow at of ngy ad by xaust a fom t off ston and labtoy ston, Btu/,,, oolng ngy flow at fo off ston and labtoy ston n t bas systm, Btu/, oolng ngy flow at fo off,,, ston and labtoy ston n t LAHU systm, Btu/ total outsd a flow at ntng t ontol volum n t bas and LAHU systms, lbm/, total lasd a flow at fom t ontol volum n t bas and LAHU systms, lbm/ total xaust a flow at fom t ontol volum, lbm/ total fum ood xaust a flow at fom t labtoy ston, lbm/,,, xaust a flow at fom t off ston and labtoy ston, lbm/,,, outsd a flow at ntng off ston and labtoy ston n t bas systm, lbm/, outsd a flow at ntng t,, u, off ston and labtoy ston n t LAHU systm, lbm/ total mostu ntak flow at to t ontol volum n t bas and LAHU systms, lbm/lbma total mostu gnaton at, lbm/lbma, total mostu flow at gnatd by, u umdf n t bas and LAHU systms, lbm/lbma at of mostu moval by oolng ol n t bas and LAHU systms, lbm/lbma mostu flow at n xaust a, lbm/lbma mostu flow at n fum ood xaust a, lbm/lbma, oom and outsd a ntaly, Btu/lbm w,, w, off ston and labtoy ston old dk a ntaly n wnt, Btu/lm s,, s, off ston and labtoy ston old dk a ntaly n summ, Btu/lbm s, labtoy ston suly a ntaly, Btu/lbm, oom and outsd a tmatu, F w,, w, off ston and labtoy ston old dk a tmatu n wnt, F s,, s, off ston and labtoy ston old dk a tmatu n summ, F s, labtoy ston suly a tmatu, F m,, m, mxd a ntaly fo off ston and labtoy ston n t LAHU systm, Btu/lbm m, mxd a ntaly fo off ston n t bas systm, Btu/lbm, outsd a ntak ato fo off ston and labtoy ston mn, mnmum outsd a ntak ato fo off ston IA qumnt Podngs of t Fst Intnatonal onfn fo Enand Buldng Oatons, Austn, xas, July 6-9, 00

8 tal outsd a ntak qud to mak t mxd a tmatu aft t oolng ol qual t suly a tmatu fo labtoy ston ϕ off ston suly aflow at to t total buldng suly aflow at REFERENES Bad, E Engy Effnt HVA Systm Fatus mal Stg And Hat Rovy. ASHRAE Jounal V. 36. Bad, E Labtoy Intgats VAV Fum Hood ontols t ntal Buldng Automaton Systm. ASHRAE Jounal V. 37. Davs, S. J. and R. Bnjamn VAV t Fum Hood Exaust Systm. Hatng/Png/A ondtonng V. 59. Numan, V.A. and.h. Roussau VAV Fo Labtoy Hoods Dsgn And osts. ASHRAE ansatons Vol. 9, Pat A. Bak, P. L Bomdal Labtoy Uss VAV Fum Hoods And Hat Rovy to Sav osts. ASHRAE Jounal V. 36. Podngs of t Fst Intnatonal onfn fo Enand Buldng Oatons, Austn, xas, July 6-9, 00

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