LEAF TYPE STATUS AGCP EMP HEIGHT SHADE SENSITIVE SEMIEVERGREEN MEDIUM EVERGREEN DECIDUOUS FULL SHADE (SH) FULL SUN WET INTERMEDIATE RESISTANT

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1 FULL (SH) SEMI CHARACTERISTICS FERNS Adiantum pedatum northern maidenhair fern Y Y M P C FACU FAC M PS SH S 18" D Athyrium asplenioides southern lady fern Y Y Y Y M P C 5 6 FAC FAC M W PS S 36" D Dennstaedtia punctilobula hay-scented fern Y Y M P C 5 6 UPL FACU M PS SH S 36" D Dryopteris carthusiana spinulose woodfern Y Y Y M P C FACW FAC M W PS SH S 30" SE Dryopteris intermedia intermediate woodfern Y Y M P 5 6 FACU FACU D M W PS SH S 30" SE 0 Dryopteris marginalis marginal woodfern Y Y M P 5 6 FACU FACU D M PS SH S 36" E 0 Onoclea sensibilis sensitive fern Y Y Y Y Y M P C 5 6 FACW FACW M W SU PS SH S 42" D 0 Osmundastrum cinnamomeum cinnamon fern Y Y Y Y Y M P C 4 5 FACW FACW M W SU PS SH S 60" D Osmunda claytoniana interrupted fern Y Y Y Y M P FAC FAC M W PS SH S 72" E Osmunda spectabilis royal fern Y Y Y Y Y M P C 2 3 OBL OBL M W SU PS SH S 60" D Polystichum acrostichoides christmas fern Y Y M P C 6 FACU FACU M PS SH S 36" E Pteridium aquilinum northern bracken fern Y Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU D M W SU PS S 40" D 0 Thelypteris noveboracensis New York fern Y Y Y M P C FAC FAC D M PS SH S 18" D Woodwardia areolata netted chain fern Y Y Y Y P C OBL FACW M W PS SH I 30" D Woodwardia virginica Virginia chain fern Y Y Y Y P C OBL OBL M W PS S 36" D 12 GRASSES & GRASSLIKE PLANTS Agrostis perennans autumn bentgrass Y Y Y M P C 4 5 FACU FACU D M W SU PS SH S 40" D Andropogon virginicus broomsedge bluestem Y Y Y M P C FAC FACU D M W SU I 36" D Carex crinita fringed sedge Y Y M P C 2 3 FACW OBL M W SU PS S 60" D Carex lurida shallow sedge Y Y M P C 2 3 OBL OBL W SU PS S 40" D Carex stricta tussock sedge Y Y M P C 2 3 OBL OBL M W SU S 40" D Carex vulpinoidea fox sedge Y Y Y M P C 2 3 FACW OBL W SU PS S 40" D Chasmanthium latifolium sea oats Y Y Y M P C FAC FACU D M SU PS S 60' D Chasmanthium laxum slender wood-oats Y Y Y P C FACW FAC M W S 60" D Dichanthelium clandestinum deertongue Y Y Y M P C FACW FAC D M W SU PS S 60" D Distichlis spicata saltgrass Y Y C OBL FACW M W SU R 18" D 6.4 ## 2 Eleocharis obtusa blunt spikerush Y Y M P C 2 3 OBL OBL S 30" Elymus riparius riverbank wild rye Y Y Y Y Y M P FACW FACW D M W SU PS S 60" D Elymus virginicus Virginia wild rye Y Y Y M P C FAC FACW D M PS SH S 66" D Glyceria striata fowl mangrass Y Y M P C 2 3 OBL OBL S 60" Juncus canadensis Canda rush Y Y P C OBL OBL M W SU PS I 48" D Juncus effusus soft rush Y Y Y M P C OBL FACW M W SU PS S 48" D Juncus roemerianus needlegrass rush Y Y C 2 3 OBL OBL M W SU R 48" D Leersia oryzoides rice cutgrass Y Y M P C 2 3 OBL OBL M W SU PS S 60" D Liriope muscari lilyturf Y Y Y 6 NI NI D M SU PS SH S 6" E Muhlenbergia capillaris hairawn muhly Y Y P C FAC FACU M SU R 36" D Ophiopogon planiscapus black mondo grass Y Y Y 6 NI NI M SU PS S 8' SE Panicum virgatum switchgrass Y Y Y Y Y M P C FAC FAC D M W SU PS I 72" D Schizachyrium scoparium little bluestem Y Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU D SU S 48" D Schoenoplectus pungens common three-square Y Y M P C 2 3 OBL OBL W SU I 48" D 6 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani soft stem bulrush Y Y M P C 2 3 OBL OBL W SU S 120" D Scirpus atrovirens green bulrush Y Y M P 2 3 OBL OBL W SU S 72" D Scirpus cyperinus woolgrass Y Y Y M P C OBL FACW M W SU S 60" D Sorghastrum nutans Indiangrass Y Y 5 6 FACU FACU D M SU S 72" D Spartina alterniflora smooth cordgrass Y Y C 2 3 OBL OBL M W SU R 84 D Spartina cynosuroides big cordgrass Y Y C 2 3 OBL OBL M W SU R 120" D Spartina patens salt meadow hay Y Y Y Y C FACW FACW M W SU R 36" D Zizania aquatica wild rice Y Y C 2 OBL OBL M W SU S 96" D Dichanthelium dichotomum cypress panicgrass Y Y M P 4 5 FAC FAC M SU PS S 36" D 0 Dichanthelium scoparium velvet panicum Y Y Y P C FACW FACW M SU S 48" SE 0 FORBS Acorus americanus sweet flag Y Y Y Y 2 3 OBL OBL W SU S 48" E Acorus calamus European calamus Y Y Y 2 3 OBL OBL W SU S 60" D Ageratina altissima white snakeroot Y Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU D M SU PS SH S 60" D JL AU SE OC White flower Alisma subcordatum water plantain Y Y M P C 2 3 OBL OBL W SU I 6" D MA JN JL White flower, Food source for birds Aruncus dioicus goat's beard Y Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU M W SU PS S 72" D MA JN JL Asarum canadense Canadian wild ginger Y M P C 6 UPL FACU M PS SH S 6" SE AP MA JN Asclepias incarnata swamp milkweed Y Y Y Y M P C OBL OBL M W SU PS S 60" D MA JN Asclepias syriaca common milkweed Y Y Y Y M P C FAC M SU S 78" D 0 JN JL AU Purple flower Asclepias tuberosa butterfly milkweed Y M P C 6 UPL UPL D M SU PS S 36" D MA JN JL May be toxic if ingested Baptisia australis false blue indigo Y Y M P FACU D M SU PS S 60" D MA JN Blue-purple flower Caltha palustris marsh marigold Y Y Y M P C OBL OBL W SU PS S 24" D AP MA JU Yellow flower Chelone glabra turtle head Y Y M P C 4 5 OBL OBL M W SU PS S 48" D JL AU SE OC White flower Chelone obliqua red turtlehead Y Y C 2 3 OBL OBL W PS S 36" D 0 JL AU SE Pink flower Chrysogonum virginianum green-and-gold Y M P C 6 UPL UPL D M SU PS SH S 12" D MR AP MY JN Yellow flower Claytonia virginica spring beauty Y Y M P C FACU FAC M SH S 12" D MR AP MY White flower Conoclinium coelestinum blue mist flower Y Y Y Y M P C 5 6 FAC FAC D M W PS SH S 36" D 0 JL AU SE OC Blue flower Coreopsis lanceolata lanceleaf tickseed Y Y 5 6 UPL FACU D M SU PS SH S 28" D 0 AP MA JU Yellow flower Coreopsis tripteris tall coreopsos Y Y Y Y M P C FAC FAC D M W SU PS S 120" D 0 MY JN JL AU SE Yellow flower Coreopsis verticillata threadleaf coreopsis Y M P C 6 UPL UPL D M SU PS S 42" D JN JL AU SE OC Yellow flower Echinacea purpurea purple cone flower Y P 6 NI NI D M SU PS S 36" D AP MY JN JL AU SE Purple flower Eupatorium perfoliatum boneset Y Y Y Y Y M P C FACW FACW M W SU PS SH S 60" D 0 JL AU SE OC White flower Eutrochium fistulosum Joe-pye weed Y Y Y Y Y M P C FACW FACW D M W SU PS S 120" D JL AU SE OC Pink flower Eutrochium maculatum spotted joe pye weed Y Y Y M ` FACW FACW M SU PS S 72" D 0 JL AU SE Pink flower Eutrochium purpureum purple job-pye weed Y Y Y Y Y M P C FAC FAC D M SU PS S 78" D 0 JL AU SE OC Pink flower

2 FULL (SH) SEMI CHARACTERISTICS Filipendula FERNS rubra queen of the prairie Y Y M OBL FACW M W PS S 72" D 0 JN JL AU Pink flower Helenium autumnale common sneezeweed Y Y Y M P C FACW FACW M SU PS SH S 58" D 0 JL AU SE OC Yellow Flower Hemerocallis spp. Hybrid (excluding H. fulva ) daylily Y Y Y P 5 6 NI NI D M SU PS S 24" D 0 MY JN JL AU SE Flowers available in almost any color Heuchera americana American alumroot Y Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU D M PS SH S 40" SE AP MY JN JL White flower Iris virginica Virginia blue flag iris Y Y Y P C OBL OBL W SU PS S 24" D MY JN JL Blue flower Liatris spicata blazing star Y Y Y Y P C FAC FAC D M SU PS S 78" D JL AU Purple flower Lobelia cardinalis cardinal flower Y Y Y Y Y M P C FACW FACW M W SU PS S 48" D JL AU SE OC Red flowers Lobelia siphilitica great blue lobelia Y Y Y M P C 5 6 OBL FACW M W SU PS SH S 70" D 0 AU SE OC Blue flowers Mertensia virginica Virginia bluebells Y Y Y M P 5 6 FAC FACW M W PS SH S 30" D MR AP MY JN Blue flowers Mimulus ringens Allegheny monkeyflower Y Y Y M P C 2 3 OBL OBL W SU PS 36" D 0 ` JL AU SE Light Purple flower Monarda bradburiana (fistulosa) wild bergamot Y M P C 5 6 FACU UPL D M SU PS S 60" D JN JL AU SE Pink flower Monarda didyma beebalm Y Y Y Y M 5 6 FAC FAC M W SU PS S 60" D 0 JL AU SE Red flowers Monarda punctata spotted beebalm Y P C FACU UPL D M SU S 40" D AP MY JN JL AU Yellow/Pink flower Nelumbo lutea spatterdock Y Y M P C 1 2 OBL OBL W SU PS S 18" D 36 MY JN JL AU SE OC Yellow flower Nymphaea odorata American water lily Y Y C 1 2 OBL OBL W SU S 48" D 48 JN JL AU SE White flower Pachysandra terminalis pachysandra Y Y 5 6 NI NI D M PS SH S 6" E Packera aurea golden ragwort Y Y Y Y M P C FACW FACW M W SU PS SH S 30" D 0 MR AP MY JN JL AU Yellow Flower Peltandra virginica arrow arrum Y Y M P C OBL OBL W SU PS S 24" D Penstemon digitalis foxglove Y Y Y Y M P C FAC FAC D M SU PS I 60" D JN JL AU White flower Phlox divaricata wild sweet william Y Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU M PS SH S 18" D AP MY JN Lavender flower Phlox maculata meadow phlox Y Y Y M P C FAC FACW M W SU PS SH S 36" D MY JN JL AU SE Pink flower Phlox paniculata summer phlox Y Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU M SU PS S 54" D 0 JL AU SE OC Pink flower Phlox stolonifera creeping phlox Y M 6 UPL UPL D M PS SH S 18" D 0 AP MY JN Violet flower Phlox subulata moss phlox Y M P 6 UPL UPL D SU S 6" D AP MY JN Pink flower Polygonatum biflorum Solomon's seal Y Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU D M PS SH S 78" D 0 AP MY JN White flower Pontederia cordata pickerel weed Y Y P C 2 3 OBL OBL W SU PS S 42" D JN JL AU SE OC NO Purple flower Pycnanthemum virginianum Virginia mountainmint Y Y Y M P 4 5 FAC FAC M SU PS S 24" D 0 JL AU White flower Rudbeckia fulgida orange coneflower Y Y Y Y P FAC FAC D M SU PS S 42" D 0 JN JL AU SE OC Yellow flower Rudbeckia hirta black-eyed Susan Y Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU D M SU PS S 42" D JN JL AU SE OC Yellow flower Rudbeckia laciniata cutleaf coneflower Y Y Y Y Y M P C 5 6 FACW FACW M W SU PS S 120" D JL AU SE Yellow flower Sagittaria latifolia duck potato Y Y M P C 2 OBL OBL W SU PS S 48" D JL AU SE White flower Saururus cernuus lizard's tail Y Y M P C 2 OBL OBL W SU PS S 54" D 12 JN JL AU SE White flower Solidago rugosa wrinkleleaf goldenrod Y Y M P C 4 5 FAC FAC M W SU PS S 72" D 0 AU SE Yellow flower Sparganium americanum American bur-reed Y Y M P C 2 3 OBL OBL W SU PS S 60" D MY JN JL AU Greenish flower Sparganium eurycarpum giant bur-reed Y Y C 2 3 OBL OBL W SU S 30" D 6 Symphyotrichum novae-angliae New England aster Y Y Y Y M P 5 FACW FACW M W SU PS S 72" D AU SE OC Purple flower Symphyotrichum novi-belgii New York aster Y Y Y C OBL FACW M W SU PS S 54" D 0 JL AU SE OC Violet flower Symphyotrichum puniceum purplestem aster Y Y M P 2 3 OBL OBL W SU PS S 54" D 0 JL AU Light Purple flower Symphyotrichum undulatum wavyleaf aster Y Y M P C 6 UPL UPL D SU S 60" D 0 AU SE OC NO Light Purple flower Tiarella cordifolia foam flower Y Y Y Y M P FAC FAC M SU PS SH S 12" D 0 AP MY JN JL White flower Tradescantia virginiana spiderwort Y Y M P C FAC FACU M SU PS SH S 36" D AP MY JN Blue flower Verbena hastata blue vervain Y Y Y M P 4 5 FAC FACW M W SU PS S 60" D 0 JN JL AU SE OC Purple flower Vernonia noveboracensis New York ironweed Y Y Y Y Y M P C FACW FACW M W SU PS S 72" D AU SE OC Purple flower Veronicastrum virginicum Culver's root Y Y Y Y M P FACW FACU M W SU PS S 72" D 0 JL AU SE White/Pink flower Zizia aurea golden zizia Y Y Y Y M P 4 5 FAC FAC D M SU PS S 30" D 0 AP MY JN JL AU Yellow Flower SHRUBS Alnus serrulata tag alder Y Y Y Y M P C FACW OBL M W SU S 20' D MR AP Baccharis halimifolia eastern false-willow Y Y Y C 4 5 FAC FACW W SU R 12' SE AU SE Buxus sempervirens boxwood Y Y 6 NI NI D M SU PS S 15' E Deer and rabbit resistant Callicarpa americana American beautyberry Y Y C 5 6 FACU FACU M SU PS S 6' D SE OC Magenta Berries in fall Calycanthus floridus Common Sweetshrub Y Y M P 5 6 FACU FACU M SU PS SH S 12' D MY Very resistant to disease and insect problems Ceanothus americanus New Jersey tea Y M P C 6 UPL UPL D M SU PS S 3' D JN JL Cephalanthus occidentalis buttonbush Y Y Y Y M P C OBL OBL M W SU PS SH S 12' D JL AU Clethra alnifolia sweet pepperbush Y Y Y Y C 5 FACW FAC M W PS SH S 12' D JL AU Cornus amomum silky dogwood Y Y Y Y M P C 5 6 FACW FACW M W SU PS S 12' D MY JN Cornus stolonifera Redosier dogwood Y Y Y Y Y 6 FACW FACW M W SU PS S 12' D MY JN Corylus americana American hazelnut Y Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU D M PS S 15' D MR AP Corylus cornuta beaked hazelnut Y Y M P 5 6 FACU FACU D M SU PS S 12' D MR AP Fothergilla gardenii Dwarf fotherfilla Y Y Y Y Y FACW FACW M W SU PS S 3' D AP MY Y Fothergilla major Large fothergilla Y Y 6 UPL UPL D M SU PS S 10' D AP MY Y Gaylussacia baccata black huckleberry Y Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU D M W PS SH S 3' D MY JN Hamamelis virginiana witch hazel Y Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU D M PS SH S 20' D SE OC NO DE Hibiscus moscheutos swamp rose-mallow Y M P C 2 3 OBL OBL M W SU PS R 6' D JL AU SE Hydrangea arborescens smooth hydrangea Y M P C 6 UPL FACU M PS SH S 6' D JN JL AU Hydrangea macrophylla bigleaf hydrangea Y Y 6 NI NI M PS S 6' D Hypericum densiflorum dense St. Johnswort Y Y Y Y M P FACW FACW D M W SU S 6' D JL AU SE Hypericum prolificum shrubby St. Johnswort Y Y M P C FAC FACU D M W SU S 3' D JN JL AU Ilex cornuta 'Carissa' Carissa Chinese holly Y Y 6 NI NI D M SU PS S 4' E Ilex crenata 'Helleri' Helleri Japanese holly Y Y 6 NI NI D M SU PS S 5' E Ilex glabra inkberry Y Y Y C FACW FAC M W SU PS SH I 10' E JA FE MR SE OC NO DE Berries persist through winter Ilex verticillata winterberry Y Y Y Y M P C FACW FACW M W SU PS SH S 12' D JA FE AU SE OC NO DE Ilex vomitoria 'Nana' dwarf yaupon holly Y Y Y Y Y FAC FAC I 5' E Ilex x 'Nellie R Stevens' Nellie Stevens Holly Y Y 6 NI NI D M SU PS S 25' E Itea virginica virginia sweetspire Y Y Y P C 4 5 FACW OBL M W SU PS SH I 10' D JN JL Y Iva frutescens jesuit's bark Y Y Y Y C FACW FACW D M SU R 10' D AU SE OC Juniperus communis common juniper Y Y M P 5 6 FACU FACU D SU I 10' E

3 FULL (SH) SEMI CHARACTERISTICS Kalmia FERNSangustifolia sheep laurel Y Y C 5 6 FAC FAC M W PS S 3' E JN JL Kalmia latifolia mountain laurel Y Y M P C 6 FACU FACU D M PS SH S 20' E JN Leucothoe axillaris coastal doghobble Y Y C 4 5 FACW FACW M PS S 5' E MY Leucothoe fontanesia highland doghobble Y Y M 5 6 FACW FACW M PS S 5' E MY JN Lindera benzoin spicebush Y Y Y Y M P C 4 5 FACW FAC M W PS SH S 15' D SE OC Red berries Lyonia ligustrina maleberry Y Y Y Y M P C FACW FACW M PS SH I 10' D MY JN JL Morella cerifera wax myrtle Y Y Y Y C FAC FAC D M W SU PS I 15' SE JA FE MR AP SE OC NO DE Bluish-white fragrant berries Photinia melanocarpa black chokeberry Y Y Y Y M P FAC FAC D M W SU PS S 6' D MY Y Photinia pyrifolia red chokeberry Y Y Y Y M P C FACW FACW M W SU S 12' D MY Y Physocarpus opulifolius common ninebark Y Y Y M P C FAC FACW M W SU PS S 12' D MY JN JL Pieris floribunda mountain pieris Y M 6 UPL UPL M PS SH S 6' E AP MY Rhododendron atlanticum dwarf azalea Y Y Y Y C FAC FAC M PS SH S 3' D AP MY Rhododendron calendulaceum flame azalea Y M 6 UPL UPL D M PS S 12' D MY JN Rhododendron catawbiense catawba rhododendron Y Y M P 5 6 FACU FACU D M PS SH S 10' E MY JN Rhododendron maximum rosebay rhododendron Y Y Y Y M P FAC FAC M W PS SH S 15' E JN Rhododendron periclymenoides pinxterbloom azalea Y Y Y Y M P C FAC FAC D M W SU PS SH S 10' D AP MY Pinkish white flowers Rhododendron prinophyllum early azalea Y Y Y Y M P FAC FAC D M SU PS SH S 8' D MY JN Pink flowers Rhododendron viscosum swamp azalea Y Y Y Y M P C OBL FACW M W SU PS S 8' D MY JN White flowers Rhus aromatica fragrant sumac Y M P 6 UPL UPL D SU PS S 6' D JA FE MR JL AU SE OC NO DE Dark red berries Rosa carolina pasture rose Y Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU D M SU PS S 3' D MY JN Pale pink flowers Rosa palustris swamp rose Y M P C 2 3 OBL OBL M W SU PS SH S 8' D JN JL AU Pink flowers Sambucus nigra elderberry Y Y Y Y M P C FACW FAC D M W SU PS SH S 8' D JN JL White flowers Symphoricarpos orbiculatus coralberry Y Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU D M W SU PS S 4' D JA OC NO DE Redish purple berries Vaccinium angustifolium lowbush blueberry Y Y M 5 6 FACU FACU D M SU PS S 2' D MY JN Y Greenish white flowers Vaccinium corymbosum highbush blueberry Y Y Y Y M P C FACW FACW D M W SU PS SH I 12' D AP MY JN Y White flowers Vaccinium fuscatum black highbush blueberry Y Y Y M P C FACW FAC M W S 10' D Y Viburnum acerifolium mapleleaf viburnum Y M P C 5 6 FACU UPL D M SU PS SH S 6' D JN White flowers Viburnum dentatum arrowwood viburnum Y Y Y Y M P C FAC FAC D M W SU PS SH S 15' D MY JN Y White flowers Viburnum carlesii Korean spice viburnum Y Y 6 NI NI M SU PS S 6' D MR AP Viburnum nudum possumhaw Y Y Y M P C FACW OBL D M W SU PS S 12' D MY JN White flowers Viburnum plicatum Japanese snowball Y Y 6 NI NI M SU PS S 15' D AP MY Y White flowers Viburnum prunifolium blackhaw Y Y Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU D M W SU PS SH S 20' D AP MY Y White flowers Viburnum rhytidophylloides 'Willowwood' lantanaphyllum viburnum Y Y 6 NI NI M SU PS S 12' SE AP MY White flowers Xanthorhiza simplicissima yellow root Y Y Y Y M P C FACW FACW M W PS SH S 3' D AP MY Purple flowers UNDERSTORY TREES Acer pensylvanicum striped maple Y M 5 6 FACU FACU M PS SH S 35' D JA FE MR NO DE Striped bark winter interest Amelanchier arborea downy serviceberry Y Y M P C FACU FAC D M PS SH S 25' D MR AP MY White flowers Amelanchier canadensis serviceberry Y Y Y P C 5 6 FAC FAC M W SU PS SH I 50' D AP MY Y White flowers Amelanchier laevis smooth serviceberry Y Y M 6 UPL UPL M W SU PS SH S 25' D AP Asimina triloba pawpaw Y Y M P C 5 6 FAC FAC M SU S 35' D Carpinus caroliniana American hornbeam Y Y Y Y M P C 4 5 FAC FAC M PS SH S 40 D Cercis canadensis redbud Y M P C 5 6 UPL FACU D M PS SH S 35' D AP MY Chionanthus virginicus white fringetree Y Y M P C FACU FAC D M SU PS SH S 35' D MY JN Cornus alternifolia alternate leaf dogwood Y Y M P 6 FAC FAC M PS SH S 25' D MY JN Cornus florida flowering dogwood Y M P C FACU FACU D M PS S 50' D AP MY Y Corylus americana American hazelnut Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU D M PS SH S 12' D JA FE MA OC NO DE Yellow catkins in winter, fall color yellow to red Crataegus crus-galli cockspur hawthorn Y M P C FAC FACU D M SU PS S 35' D MY JN Crataegus viridis green hawthorn Y Y M P C 5 6 FACW FACW M W SU PS S 30' D JA FE MR AP MY OC NO DE White flowers, red fruit Diospyros virginiana common persimmon Y Y M P C FAC FAC D M SU PS S 75' D JN Ilex opaca American holly Y M P C 5 6 FAC FACU M SU PS SH I 50' E JA OC NO DE Red fruit Juniperus virginiana eastern red cedar Y Y M P C FACU FACU D M SU S 75' E Koelreuteria paniculata Goldenrain tree Y Y 5 6 NI NI M SU PS S 45' D JN JL Yellow flower Magnolia x soulangeana saucer magnolia Y Y 5 6 NI NI M SU PS S 25' D MR Magnolia tripetala umbrella magnolia Y M P 5 6 FACU FACU M PS S 45' D AP MY JN Creamy white flower Magnolia virginica sweetbay magnolia Y Y Y P C FACW FACW M W SU PS SH S 30' SE MY JN JL White flower Morus rubra red mulberry Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU M SU PS I 60' D MY JN Greenish flower Nyssa sylvatica black gum Y Y M P C FAC FAC D M W SU PS I 75' D Y Ostrya virginiana eastern hop hornbeam Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU M PS SH S 50' D Oxydendrum arboreum sourwood Y M P C 5 6 FACU UPL M SU PS S 50' D JL Y White flower Pinus virginiana Virginia pine Y M P C 6 UPL UPL D FS S 40' E Prunus americana American plum Y M P C 5 6 UPL FACU D M SU PS S 35' D AP MY White flower Prunus serotina black cherry Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU D M SU I 75' D MY JN White flower Prunus x yedoensis Yoshino cherry Y Y 6 NI NI D M SU PS S 40' D MR AP Prunus virginiana chokecherry Y M 5 6 FACU FACU M SU I 50' D MY JN White flower Rhus copallinum winged sumac Y M P C 5 6 UPL FACU D SU PS I 35' D JL AU SE Y Greenish flower Rhus glabra smooth sumac Y M P C 5 6 UPL UPL D M SU I 20' D JN JL Y Yellowish-green flower Salix nigra black willow Y Y Y Y M P C OBL OBL M W SU PS I 50' D Sassafras albidum sassafras Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU D M SU PS S 50 D Y Sorbus americana American mountain ash Y M 5 6 FACU FACU D SU S 40' D MY JN JL White flowers CANOPY TREES Acer negundo boxelder Y Y M P C 4 5 FAC FAC M W FS I 70' D Acer rubrum red maple Y Y M P C FAC FAC M FS S 60' D MR AP OC NO Red flower, orange-red fall color Acer saccharum sugar maple Y M P FACU FACU M FS PS S 100' D OC NO Orange fall color Betula alleghaniensis yellow birch Y M FACU FAC M FS PS I 75' D JA FE MR OC NO DE Y exfoliating bark Betula lenta sweet birch Y M P 5 6 FACU FACU M FS PS I 60' D JA FE MR OC NO DE Y exfoliating bark Betula nigra river birch Y Y M P C 4 5 FACW FACW M W FS S 70' D JA FE MR OC NO DE Y exfoliating bark

4 FULL (SH) SEMI CHARACTERISTICS Carya FERNS alba mockernut hickory Y M P C 6 UPL UPL D M PS SH S 85' D OC NO Y exfoliating bark Carya cordiformis bitternut hickory Y M P C 5 6 FAC FACU M W FS PS S 75' D OC NO Y exfoliating bark Carya glabra pignut hickory Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU D PS SH S 80' D OC NO Y exfoliating bark Carya ovata shagbark hickory Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU M FS PS S 75' D OC NO Y exfoliating bark Celtis laevigata sugarberry Y M P C 5 6 FACW FACW D M PS S 70' D FE MA AP Green flower Celtis occidentalis common hackberry Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU D M FS PS SH S 80' D Fagus grandifolia American beech Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU M FS PS SH S 120' D JA FE MA NO DE Winter leaf retention, light orange Ginkgo biloba maidenhair tree Y Y 5 6 NI NI M FS S 80' D Liquidambar styraciflua sweetgum Y Y M P C FAC FAC M W FS PS SH S 130' D OC NO Y Fall color, purple to red Liriodendron tulipifera tulip tree Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU M FS S 150' D OC NO Y Fall color, yellow Magnolia acuminata cucumber magnolia Y M P FACU M SU S 100' D MY JN Greenish-yellow flower Magnolia grandiflora southern magnolia Y P C 6 FAC FACU M PS S 100' E AP MY JN White flower Nyssa aquatica water tupelo Y C 2 3 OBL OBL W SU S 100' D Pinus echinata shortleaf pine Y M P C 5 6 UPL UPL D FS PS S 100' E Pinus strobus white pine Y M P C FACU FACU D M FS S 150' E Pinus taeda loblolly pine Y Y P C FAC FAC M W FS S 100' E Platanus occidentalis sycamore Y Y M P C FACW FACW M W FS PS S 100' D JA FE MA NO DE White patterned bark Populus deltoides eastern cottonwood Y Y M P C FAC FAC D M W FS I 100' D OC NO Y Fall color, yellow Quercus alba white oak Y M P C FACU FACU D FS PS I 100' D Quercus bicolor swamp white oak Y Y M P C 4 5 FACW FACW W PS SH S 100' D Quercus coccinea scarlet oak Y M P C 6 UPL UPL D FS PS S 75' D Quercus falcata southern red oak Y M P C 6 FACU FACU D M PS SH S 75' D Quercus imbricaria shigle oak Y Y M P C 5 6 FAC FAC M FS S 80' D Quercus laurifolia laurel oak Y C 4 5 FACW FACW M W FS PS S 70' D Quercus lyrata overcup oak Y P C OBL OBL D PS S 100' D Quercus michauxii swamp chestnut oak Y P C FACW FACW W FS PS S 100' D Quercus muehlenbergii chinquapin oak Y M P C 5 6 UPL UPL D FS PS S 70' D Quercus nigra water oak Y Y C FAC FAC D M PS SH S 100' D Quercus palustris pin oak Y Y M P C FACW FACW M W PS SH S 70' D Quercus phellos willow oak Y Y P C FACW FAC M W FS PS S 100' D Quercus rubra northern red oak Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU D M FS PS I 100' D Quercus shumardii Shumard's oak Y Y M P C 5 6 FAC FAC D M FS PS S 80' D Quercus velutina black oak Y M P C 6 UPL UPL D PS SH S 60' D Quercus virginiana live oak Y C 4 5 FACU FACU M FS PS R 80' E Quesrcus prinus chesnut oak Y M P C 6 UPL UPL D PS SH S 75' D Robinia pseudoacacia black locust Y M P C 5 6 UPL FACU M FS PS I 70' D 4, AP MA White flowers, pendulous Taxodium distichum bald cypress Y Y Y C OBL OBL W FS PS R 100' D OC NO Y Fall color, orange Thuja occidentalis arborvitae, white cedar Y M UPL FACW M W FS I 60' E Tilia americana American basswood Y M P C 5 6 FACU FACU M PS S 80' D Tsuga canadensis Canadian hemlock Y M P 5 6 FACU FACU M FS PS S 65' E Ulmus americana American elm Y Y M P C FAC FACW M FS PS S 80' D Zelkova serrata Japanese zelkova Y Y NI NI M FS S 90' D

5 FULL (SH) SEMI CHARACTERISTICS FERNS SPECIES TO AVOID Acer platanoides Berberis thunbergii Coronilla varia Elaeagnus angustifolia Eragrostis curvula Fraxinus pennsylvanica Hedera helix Hemerocallis fulva Iris pseudacorus Lespedeza cuneata Lonicera japonica Lythrum salicaria Miscanthus sinensis Phalaris arundinacea Phragmites australis Rosa multiflora Sorghum halepense Spiraea japonica Typha latifolia Ulmus pumila Vinca minor Wisteria floribunda Wisteria sinensis Norway maple Japanese barberry crown-vetch Russian olive weeping lovegrass green ash English ivy tiger-lily yellow flag iris Chinese lespedeza Japanese honeysuckle purple loosestrife silver grass reed canary grass common reed multiflora rose johnson-grass Japanese spiraea broadleaf cattail Siberian elm periwinkle Japanese wisteria Chinese wisteria

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