Bees, Bugs, Bloom Pollinator Trial

Transcription

1 Bees, Bugs, Bloom Pollinator Trial Table 1. Top 10 Plants for Total Pollinator Visits over 3 Years Genus Species Cultivar Common Name Total 1 Pycnanthemum muticum clustered mountain mint Solidago rigida stiff goldenrod Eryngium yuccifolium rattlesnake master Solidago nemoralis gray goldenrod Eupatorium hyssopifolium thoroughwort Liatris microcephala dwarf blazing star Eutrochium dubium coastal plain joe pye Asclepias incarnata swamp milkweed Monarda fistulosa wild bergamot Symphyotrichum laeve 'Bluebird' smooth aster Table 2. Second 10 Plants for Total Pollinator Visits over 3 Years Genus Species Cultivar Common Name Total 11 Eupatorium perfoliatum boneset Veronicastrum virginicum culver's root Helianthus 'Lemon Queen' lemon queen sunflower Helenium autumnale Helen's flower Symphyotrichum oblongifolium 'October skies' aromatic aster Monarda x 'Peter's Fancy Fuschia' bee balm Coreopsis verticillata 'Zagreb' tickseed Monarda punctata spotted bee balm Coreopsis tripteris tall tickseed Symphyotrichum novae-angliae New England aster Dr. E.Jay Holcomb, Connie Schmotzer, Penn State Extension, cxs51@psu.edu

2 Bees, Bugs & Blooms Table 3 Total Pollinator Visits on the Species vs the Cultivar Species Total Cultivar Total Evaluation* Monarda didyma 93 Monarda didyma 'Jacob Cline' 98 - Eutrochium fistulosum 260 Eutrochium fistulosum ' Bartered Bride' Oenothera fruticosa 114 Oenothera fruticosa 'Fireworks' 87 + Physostegia virginiana 81 Physostegia virginiana 'Vivid' 81 = Symphyotrichum novae-angliae 341 Symphyotrichum novae-angliae 'Purple Dome' 66 + Heliopsis helianthoides 51 Heliopsis helianthoides 'Summer Nights' Heliopsis helianthoides 51 Heliopsis helianthoides 'Summer Sun' Monarda fistulosa 478 Monarda fistulosa 'Claire Grace' Penstemon digitalis 122 Penstemon digitalis 'Huskers Red' Symphyotrichum laeve 308 Symphyotrichum laeve 'Bluebird' Symphyotrichum oblongifolium 102 Symphyotrichum oblongifolium 'October Skies' Symphyotrichum oblongifolium 102 Symphyotrichum oblongifolium 'Raydons Favorite' 76 + Coreopsis verticillata 180 Coreopsis verticillata 'Moonbeam' Coreopsis verticillata 180 Coreopsis verticillata 'Zagreb' Species better than Cultivar About 50% of the time the species was better than the cultivar - Cultivar better than Species = Cultivar and Species equal Dr. E. Jay Holcomb, Connie Schmotzer. Penn State Extension, Bees, Bugs, Blooms, July cxs51@psu.edu

3 Bees, Bugs Blooms Table 5. Average Number of Insect Types that Visited Each Genera of Plant (Diversity) Ranking Genus Species Cultivar Common Name Average 1 Solidago rigida stiff goldenrod Pycnanthemum muticum clustered mountain mint Eupatorium hyssopifolium thoroughwort Eryngium yuccifolium rattlesnake master Eutrochium fistulosum 'Bartered Bride' spotted joe pye Coreopsis tripteris tall tickseed Helianthus divaricatus woodland sunflower Symphyotrichum laeve smooth aster Eutrochium maculatum spotted joe pye Helenium autumnale Helen's flower Eutrochium fistulosum hollow joe pye Solidago nemoralis gray goldenrod Solidago rugosa 'Fireworks' rough goldenrod Pycnanthemum flexuosum Appalchian mountain mint Helianthus decapetalus thinleaf sunflower Liatris microcephala dwarf blazing star Asclepias incarnata swamp milkweed Eupatorium perfoliatum boneset Physostegia virginiana obedient plant Eutrochium purpureum 'Gateway' sweet joe pye subsp.maculatum Additional Plants Heliopsis helianthoides 'Summer Sun' smooth oxeye Monarda fistulosa wild bergamot Conoclinium coelestinum mist flower Veronicastrum virginicum culver's root Liatris spicata blazing star Symphyotrichum laeve 'Bluebird' bluebird smooth aster Helianthus x multiflorus 'Capenoch Star' many flowered sunflower Dr. E. Jay Holcomb, Connie Schmotzer. Penn State Extension, Bees, Bugs, Blooms, July cxs51@psu.edu

4 # Scientific Name Common Name 10-Apr 17-Apr 24-Apr 1-May 8-May 15-May 22-May 29-May 5-Jun 14-Jun 19-Jun 26-Jun 3-Jul 10-Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 31-Jul 7-Aug 14-Aug 21-Aug 28-Aug 4-Sep 11-Sep 18-Sep 25-Sep 2-Oct 9-Oct 16-Oct 1 Packera aurea golden ragwort E E P P F 11 Zizia aurea golden alexanders E E P P F 55 Penstemon calycosus calico penstemon E P P P P F 56 Penstemon digitalis tall white beardtongue E P P P P F 57 Penstemon digitalis 'Husker Red' husker red tall white beardtongue E P P F 58 Penstemon smalli small's beardtongue E P P P F 39 Coreopsis auriculata 'Nana' dwarf tickseed E P F F F * * 78 Coreopsis lanceolata lance-leaved coreopsis E P P F * * * 24 Oenothera fruticosa sundrops E P P F 25 Oenothera fruticosa 'Fireworks' fireworks sundrops E P P F APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER 62 Tradescantia ohioensis ohio spiderwort E P P P P P P P P F F F 22 Monarda didyma bee balm E P P F F * 23 Monarda didyma 'Jacob Cline' jacob cline bee balm E P P F F F * 79 Coreopsis verticillata whorled tickseed E P P P F * 81 Coreopsis verticillata 'Zagreb' zagreb whorled tickseed E E P P F * 80 Coreopsis verticillata 'Moonbeam' moonbeam whorled tickseed E P P F F * * * 21 Heliopsis helianthoides 'Summer Nights' summer nights smooth oxeye E P P P P F F F F F * 48 Heliopsis helianthoides 'Summer Sun' summer sun smooth oxeye E P P P P P P P P P P F 54 Monarda fistulosa wild bergamot E E P P F 52 Monarda 'Peter's Fancy Fuchsia' peter's fancy fuchsia beebalm E P P P F F 53 Monarda fistulosa 'Claire Grace' wild bergamot P P P F F F 49 Heliopsis helianthoides smooth oxeye P P P P P P P P F F F 2 Verbena hastata blue vervain E E P P P P P F F 82 Eryngium yuccifolium rattlesnake master E P P P F F 5 Doellingeria umbellata flat topped aster E P P P P P F F F F 32 Veronicastrum virginicum culver's root E E P P P F F 59 Pycnanthemum flexuosum appalachian mountainmint E P P P P P P F F F F * 28 Pycnanthemum muticum clustered mountain mint E P P P P P P P P P P F F F F 50 Liatris spicata blazing star P P P F F F 40 Coreopsis rosea pink tickseed E P F 3 Asclepias incarnata swamp milkweed E E E P P P F F 69 Symphyotrichum laeve smooth aster * * E E E E E P P P P P P F 18 Eupatoriadelphus maculatus 'Bartered Bride' spotted joe pye weed E P P F 43 Eupatoriadelphus maculatus spotted joe pye weed E P P P P P F F F * 6 Chelone glabra white turtlehead E E E E P P P F 8 Lobelia cardinalis cardinal flower P P P P P F F 84 Liatris microcephala dwarf blazing star E E E P P P P P P P P P F F 67 Asclepias tuberosa butterfly weed * * E P P P P P F 44 Helianthus divaricatus woodland sunflower E P P P P P F F 20 Helianthus 'Lemon Queen' lemon queen sunflower P P P P P P F F 45 Helianthus x multiflorus 'Capenoch Star' capenoch star many flowered sunflower E E E P P P F F 47 Helianthus decapetalus thinleaf sunflower E E P P P P F F 14 Helenium autumnale helen's flower E E P P P P F 15 Eutrochium purpureum subsp. maculatum 'Gateway' sweet joe pye weed E P P P F F * 17 Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus hollow joe pye weed E P P F 75 Eurybia spectabilis showy aster E E P P P P P F F 63 Ruellia humilis wild petunia * * E E E P P F 51 Lobelia siphilitica great blue lobelia * * * * E P P P P P F 85 Monarda punctata spotted horsemint E P P P P P P P F 16 Eupatoriadelphus dubius coastal plain joe pye weed E P P P P F F F 19 Eupatorium perfoliatum boneset E P P P P P P P F F 34 Symphyotrichum novae-angliae 'Purple Dome' new england aster * * E E P P P P P P F F 41 Coreopsis tripteris tall coreopsis E P P P F F 42 Conoclinium coelestinum Blue Mistflower * E E P P P P P P F F 64 Scutellaria ovata heartleaf skullcap E E P P P F F F 60 Solidago rigida stiff goldenrod E E E P P P P F 4 Symphyotrichum puniceum purplestem aster * * E E E P P P P P F 13 Symphyotrichum novi-belgii new york aster E E P P P P P P P F 26 Physostegia virginiana obedient plant * E E P P P P F F F 83 Eupatorium hyssopifolium thoroughwort E P P P P P P F F 7 Chelone lyonii 'Hot Lips' pink turtlehead E E P P P P F F 10 Vernonia noveborescensis new york ironweed P P F 68 Symphyotrichum ericoides 'Snow Flurry' snow flurry heath aster E E E E P P F F F 86 Solidago flexicaulis zig-zag goldenrod E E P P P P F F 87 Solidago nemoralis gray goldenrod E P P P P P F 31 Solidago sphacelata 'Golden Fleece' golden fleece goldenrod E E P P P P F 27 Physostegia virginiana 'Vivid' vivid obedient plant E P P P P F F 12 Symphyotrichum novae-angliae new england aster * E E E E P P P P 30 Solidago rugosa 'Fireworks' rough-stemmed goldenrod E P P P F 65 Solidago caesia blue stem goldenrod E E P P P F F 88 Ageratina altissima white snakeroot * E P P P F 46 Helianthus angustifolius narrow-leaved sunflower E P P P F 71 Symphyotrichum lateriflorum 'Lady in Black' calico aster P P P F 73 Symphyotrichum oblongifolium 'October Skies' october skies aromatic aster E P P P F 70 Symphyotrichum laeve 'Bluebird' bluebird smooth aster P P P P F 72 Symphyotrichum oblongifolium aromatic aster E P P F 74 Symphyotrichum oblongifolium 'Raydons Favorite' raydon's favorite aromatic aster E P F

5 PLANTING FOR POLLINATORS When selecting plants for your pollinators keep the following in mind: Choose plants native to your region. Native plants have been proven to be four times more attractive to pollinators than non-natives, so your first choice should be plants native to our region. Choose flowers with a range of shapes, and colors A variety of flower shapes and colors will provide food for different kinds of pollinators. Don t forget host plants for the larval stages. The caterpillars of butterflies and moths feed on the leaves of very specific plants. Don t forget to include these host plants in your garden. Plant in drifts. Pollinators are more likely to find plants in gardens that provide larger drifts of color. When you purchase plants, purchase 3 or more and plant them together. Provide a succession of bloom. Pollinators need nectar and pollen sources throughout the season so choose a variety of plants that will provide a succession of bloom from early spring through fall. Avoid modern hybrids. Many garden plants have been manipulated for larger blooms and a show of color and have lost their ability to produce nectar. When buying annuals, purchase older heirloom varieties. Don t forget trees and shrubs. Many woody plants provide early season nectar for pollinators and are the primary host plants for many moths and butterflies. Think of your entire yard as pollinator habitat. NATIVE PERENNIALS FOR A SUNNY POLLINATOR GARDEN PLANT NAME COMMON NAME COLOR SOIL DRAINAGE BLOOM TIME Agastache foeniculum Anise Hyssop Lavender Well drained to dry Summer to late summer Aquilegia canadensis Columbine Red Well drained Late spring Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed Purple Moist to wet Mid-summer Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly Weed Orange Well drained to dry Summer Eupatorium dubium Coastal Plain Joe Pye Mauve Moist to wet Late Summer Eupatorium hyssopifolium Thoroughwort White Dry Late Summer Helianthus spp Sunflowers Yellow Moist to dry Summer Helenium autumnale Sneezeweed Yellow Moist to wet Late Summer Liatris spicata Marsh Blazing Star Purple Moist to wet Summer Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal Flower Red Moist to wet Late Summer Lobelia siphilitica Great Blue Lobelia Blue Moist to wet Late Summer Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot Lavender Moist Summer Monarda didyma Oswego Tea Red Moist Summer Penstemon digitalis Foxglove Beardtongue White Moist Spring Pycnanthemum muticum Broad-leaved Mountain Mint Whitish green Moist Mid-Late Summer Solidago nemoralis Gray Goldenrod Yellow Moist to dry Fall Symphyotrichum laeve Smooth Aster Purple Moist to dry Fall Veronicastrum virginicus Culver s Root White Moist Mid-Late Summer Zizia aurea Golden Alexanders Yellow Moist to wet Spring

6 NATIVE PERENNIALS FOR A SHADY POLLINATOR GARDEN PLANT NAME COMMON NAME COLOR SOIL DRAINAGE BLOOM TIME Aquilegia canadensis Columbine Red Well drained to dry Late spring Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the Pulpit Green and Brown Moist Spring Eurybia divaricata White Wood Aster White Moist to dry Fall Phlox divaricata Wild Blue Phlox Lavender Moist Spring Phlox stolonifera Creeping Phlox Lavender Moist Spring Solidago caesia Blue Wreath Goldenrod Yellow Moist to dry Fall Spigelia marilandica Indian Pink Red Moist Summer Tiarella cordifolia Foamflower White Average Spring Viola canadensis Canada Violet White Moist Spring to early summer SHRUBS FOR A POLLINATOR GARDEN PLANT NAME COMMON NAME COLOR SOIL DRAINAGE BLOOM TIME Ceanothus americanus New Jersey Tea White Dry, Well drained Summer Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush White Wet to average Summer Clethra alnifolia Summersweet White Moist to average Summer Itea virginica Virginia Sweetspire White Wet to dry Summer Salix discolor Pussy Willow Green, yellow Medium to wet Spring TREES FOR POLLINATORS PLANT NAME COMMON NAME SOIL DRAINAGE BLOOM TIME Acer rubrum Red Maple Wet to dry Early spring Amelanchier laevis Serviceberry Average to dry Spring Cercis canadensis Redbud Average Spring Many of the above native plants can be found in garden centers. Others are readily available at native plant nurseries or native plant sales sponsored by local conservation organizations. MORE PERENNIALS & ANNUALS TO ATTRACT POLLINATORS PLANT NAME COMMON NAME PLANT NAME COMMON NAME Echinacea purpurea Purple cone flower Petrosillum Parsley Lavendula English lavender Rosmarinus Rosemary Ocimum Basil Thymus Thyme Origanum Marjoram Zinnia Zinnia Origanum Oregano Thymus Thyme February 2009, updated September 2013, Connie Schmotzer, Penn State Cooperative Extension Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences research and extension programs are funded in part by Pennsylvania counties, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Where trade names appear, no discrimination is intended, and no endorsement by Penn State Cooperative Extension is implied. This publication is available in alternative media on request. The Pennsylvania State University is committed to the policy that all persons shall have equal access to programs, facilities, admission, and employment without regard to personal characteristics not related to ability, performance, or qualifications as determined by University policy or by state or federal authorities. It is the policy of the University to maintain an academic and work environment free of discrimination, including harassment. The Pennsylvania State University prohibits discrimination and harassment against any person because of age, ancestry, color, disability or handicap, genetic information, national origin, race, religious creed, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or veteran status and retaliation due to the reporting of discrimination or harassment. Discrimination, harassment, or retaliation against faculty, staff, or students will not be tolerated at The Pennsylvania State University. Direct all inquiries regarding the nondiscrimination policy to the Affirmative Action Director, The Pennsylvania State University, 328 Boucke Building, University Park, PA ; Tel /V, /TTY.

7 Additional references: Full report from Bees, Bugs, and Blooms Pollinator Trial: Pollinators of Native Plants by Heather Holm: Pollinator Partnership s Ecosystem Guides: Buzzkills: abiotic and biotic stressors of pollinators - Penn State Center for Pollinator Research: