Using Native Plants to Create Pollinator Habitat: Lessons Learned & New Perspectives. Tom D. Landis Retired US Forest Service Nursery Specialist
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1 Using Native Plants to Create Pollinator Habitat: Lessons Learned & New Perspectives Tom D. Landis Retired US Forest Service Nursery Specialist
2 2013 Presentation: Propagating milkweed and nectar plants for monarch butterfly habitat restoration
3 The Bad News Decline of Pollinators All Over the World Bees are especially threatened
4 The Good News Creating Pollinator Habitat Works! January 1, 2016: Tagged monarch from Coyote Trails Nature Center in Medford Was Found in Bolinas, CA
5 A Milkweed Railroad for Monarchs
6 Two Types of Monarch Waystations Backyard Gardens Use Native & Introduced Plants Natural Areas Use Only Native Plants
7 1a. Food: Nectar Plants Adult Butterflies Get Sugar from the Nectar in Flowers Sugar Content of Nectar Ranges from 8% to 50% Nectar also Contains Vitamins, Oils & Amino acids
8 All Plants Have Pollen, But Not All Plants Have Nectar California poppy has no nectar Pollen: small powdery particles produced by anthers (male flower organs) that is carried by pollinators to fertilize the female flower organs and produce seeds. Pollen provides vital protein and fats; honey bees use it to make bee bread. Nectar: sugary substance, produced by some plants to attract pollinators (bees, butterflies and hummingbirds). Sugar is metabolized for energy or stored as fats.
9 1b. Food: Host Plants Different butterflies have different host plants Monarch caterpillars eat only milkweed leaves Host plants for western tiger swallowtail belong to 8 different genera: willows, cottonwoods, birch, maple, alder and others
10 2. Shelter: Woody Shrubs & Trees Monarch butterflies need places to rest at night & during inclement weather Flowers of some woody shrubs, such as mock orange, are also good sources of nectar Most of Our USFS Sites Are Surrounded By Natural Cover Photo: Tanya Harvey
11 for Monarch Waystations Plant Palette for Monarch Waystations Milkweed for Caterpillars Narrowleaf Milkweed Showy Milkweed Nectar Flowers for Butterflies Spring Flowering Oregon grape Summer Flowering Coyote mint Fall Flowering Rubber rabbitbrush
12 Nectar is Stored as Fats in Monarch Butterflies Nectaring in Late Summer & Fall Builds Up Fat Reserves for Migration & Overwintering
13 Native Milkweed Species Narrowleaf milkweed (Asclepias fascicularis) ASFA In My Waystation, Monarch Females Prefer ASFA for Laying Eggs
14 Native Milkweed Species Showy milkweed, (Asclepias speciosa) ASSP Large leaves of ASSP are Better for Feeding Late Instar Caterpillars
15 Native Milkweed Species Heartleaf milkweed (Asclepias cordifolia) ASCO More Challenging to Propagate
16 Milkweeds Are Excellent Nectar Plants Out of 43 species of native flowering perennials, showy milkweed attracted the highest number of beneficial insects David James, WSU James & Others (2016)
17 Plant Milkweeds in Clumps Monarchs Prefer to Lay Eggs Low Around the Perimeter Of Milkweed Clumps
18 Identifying Local Native Nectar Plants Agastache urticifolia, Nettleleaf giant hyssop Use your Postal Zip Code at: Monardella spp. Coyote mint
19 Regional Native Pollinator Plant Publications Limited Hard Copies PDF File is Available for Printing
20 Contents for Plant Species or Group Organized by Flowering Period: Early-Season Mid-Season Late-Season
21 Western Joepieweed A New Pollinator Plant for Southern OR? Ageratina occidentalis AGOC2 Propagated by Seeds or Rhizomes
22 Characteristics of desirable pollinator plants: perennials are best 1. Problems with Annuals Can t Control Distribution Usually functional for only 1-2 years Can become weedy Chick lupine, Lupinus microcarpus LUMI Winecup clarkia, Clarkia purpurea CLPU2
23 Characteristics of desirable pollinator plants 2. Bloom Times: Early, Mid-season, Late Blooming Periods Can Vary within Genera
24 Characteristics of desirable pollinator plants 2. Bloom Times: Late Blooming Period Baccharis pilularis, Coyote brush, BAPI 221 species of associated insects (Tilden 1951)
25 Characteristics of desirable pollinator plants 3. Develop a Perimeter or Border of Woody Pollinator Plants Lewis mock orange, Philadelphus lewisii, PHLE4 Mountain lilac, Ceanothus integerrimus CEIN
26 Characteristics of desirable pollinator plants 4. Combo Plants: Both Hosts & Nectar Oceanspray, Holodiscus Discolor, HODI Also Lupinus spp. Ceanothus spp.
27 Characteristics of desirable 5. What s Native? pollinator plants Don t Be a Native Nazi! Hummingbird trumpet, (Epilobium canum), EPCA3
28 Questionable Native Nectar Plants Achillea millefolium, Common Yarrow? Spreads by Rhizomes Quickly Becomes Invasive
29 Native Plants That Are Hard to Work With Madia elegans, Showy Tarweed An Annual Miserable Plant for Mechanical Seed Collection & Processing
30 Maintaining Monarch Waystations Weeding March, JHSN Irrigation: Battery-Powered Solenoid Valve
31 National Fish & Wildlife Foundation Grant for Southwest Oregon Pollinator Cooperative $193,000 to restore and enhance 300 acres of Western monarch habitat Only Western Grant of $3MM Monarch Fund Administered by Lomakatsi Restoration Project Two year Project Most Work Done in 2017 Partners Include USFS, USF&WS, BLM, SOMA, Selberg Institute
32 Agness 30 ac. USFS Table Rocks 30 ac. BLM /TNC Big Butte Springs 30 ac. - USFS Ashland Forests Restoration - 20 ac. Private Colestin Restoration Projects - 20 ac. Private Sampson Creek Preserve - 20 ac. Selberg Institute
33 Applying the Target Plant Concept in Pollinator Projects Concept Originated from Forester s Site Prescriptions
34 NFWF Grant Deliverable: 50 Milkweed Plants per Acre What Type of Plant Material is Best? ASSP Nursery Plants on Ochoco NF ASSP Rhizomes on Rogue River- Siskiyou NF
35 2. Type of Plant Material: Seeds SOMA has Collected Source-Identified, Locally-Adapted Seeds of Native Milkweeds Source: Monarch Watch
36 2. Seeds: Desired Plant Spacing & Distribution Pattern Broadcast Seeding Hydroseeding Spot Seeding
37 2. Type of Plant Material Container Stocktypes DeePots Q-Plugs Earthpots
38 Container Type vs. Soil Depth Deep Meadow Soil Shallow Rocky Soil
39 2. Type of Plant Material: Rhizomes ASSP Rhizome Propagation Direct Outplanting
40 NFWF Grant Deliverable: Documented Monarch Use Challenging: Eggs Are Tiny & Caterpillars Hide Photo: Suzie Savoie Photo: Robert Coffan
41 Complicating Factor: High Predation of Monarch Eggs & Caterpillars From De Anda & Oberhauser (2015) 95% Loss of Eggs & Caterpillars in the First Week
42 In Conclusion: Pollinator Projects Get People Interested in Native Plants Tallamy, D. (2014) Gardening for Life
43 Thomas D. "Tom" Landis Native Plant Nursery Consulting Southern Oregon Monarch Advocates (SOMA)
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