The Slavery Reader. Gad Heuman and James Walvin. Routledge. Edited by. Taylor & Francis Croup LONDON AND NEW YORK

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1 The Slavery Reader Edited by Gad Heuman and James Walvin Routledge Taylor & Francis Croup LONDON AND NEW YORK

2 Contents Sources Acknowledgements xi xv General Introduction 1 PART ONE The Atlantic Slave Trade 3 INTRODUCTION 4 1 Philip D. Curtin E P I D E M I O L O G Y A N D T H E S L A V E T R A D E 11 (ZrPatrick Manning W H Y A F R I C A N S? T H E R I S E O F T H E S L A V E T R A D E T O W David Eltis and David Richardson W E S T A F R I C A A N D T H E T R A N S A T L A N T I C S L A V E T R A D E : N E W E V I D E N C E OF L O N G - R U N T R E N D S David Eltis LABOUR AND COERCION IN THE ENGLISH ATLANTIC W O R L D FROM THE S E V E N T E E N T H TO THE EARLY T W E N T I E T H C E N T U R Y 58 PART TWO Origins and Development of Slavery in the Americas 75 INTRODUCTION 76 Stuart B. Schwartz FIRST S L A V E R Y : FROM I N D I A N TO A F R I C A N 8 3

3 Vi CONTENTS 6 Michael Craton S L A V E R Y A N D S L A V E S O C I E T Y I N T H E B R I T I S H C A R I B B E A N Winthrop D. Jordan M O D E R N T E N S I O N S A N D T H E O R I G I N S OF A M E R I C A N S L A V E R Y Ira Berlin T I M E, S P A C E, A N D T H E E V O L U T I O N OF A F R O - A M E R I C A N S O C I E T Y ON B R I T I S H M A I N L A N D NORTH A M E R I C A PART THREE Slaves at Work 155 INTRODUCTION Verene A. Shepherd TRADE AND EXCHANGE IN JAMAICA IN THE PERIOD OF SLAVERY Simon Smith S U G A R ' S POOR R E L A T I O N : C O F F E E P L A N T I N G IN T H E B R I T I S H W E S T I N D I E S, \ll Philip D. Morgan WORK AND CULTURE: THE TASK SYSTEM AND THE WORLD OF LOWCOU NTRY BLACKS, 1700 TO Peter H. Wood BLACK LABOR - WHITE RICE 224 PART FOUR Family, Gender and Community 245 INTRODUCTION JHerbert Gutman ^""PERSISTENT MYTHS ABOUT T H E A F RO-AM E R IC A N FAMILY 252 l( \14\Michael Craton C H A N G I N G P A T T E R N S OF S L A V E F A M I L Y IN T H E B R I T I S H W E S T I N D I E S Cheryll Ann Cody T H E R E W A S NO ' A B S A L O M ' ON T H E B A L L P L A N T A T I O N S : S L A V E - N A M I N G P R A C T I C E S IN T H E SOUTH C A R O L I N A LOW C O U N T R Y, Philip D. Morgan THE SIGNIFICANCE OF KIN 332

4 CONTENTS vii PART FIVE Slave Culture 357 INTRODUCTION Edward Kamau Brathwaite T H E ' F O L K ' C U L T U R E OF T H E S L A V E S (l8 pylvia R. Frey and Betty Wood ^ - A H E A M E R I C A S : THE S U R V I V A L OF A F R I C A N R E L I G I O N S Shane White and Graham White 'US LIKES A MIXTERY': LISTENING TO A F R IC A N-A M E RI C A N SLAVE MUSIC Ira Berlin F R O M C R E O L E TO A F R I C A N : A T L A N T I C C R E O L E S A N D T H E O R I G I N S OF A F R I C A N - A M E R I C A N S O C I E T Y IN M A I N L A N D N O R T H A M E R I C A PART SIX Slave Economy and Material Culture 463 INTRODUCTION Woodville K. Marshall PROVISION G R O U N D AND PLANTATION LABOUR IN FOUR W I N D W A R D ISLANDS: COMPETITION FOR R E S O U R C E S DURING S L A V E R Y Roderick A. McDonald INDEPENDENT ECONOMIC PRODUCTION BY SLAVES ON ANTEBELLUM LOUISIANA SUGAR PLANTATIONS Hilary McD. Beckles - AN ECONOMIC LIFE OF THEIR OWN: SLAVES AS COMMODITY PRODUCERS AND DISTRIBUTORS IN BARBADOS Sidney W. Mintz T H E O R I G I N S OF T H E J A M A I C A N M A R K E T S Y S T E M PART SEVEN Slave Resistance 545 INTRODUCTION Betty Wood SOME A S P E C T S OF F E M A L E R E S I S T A N C E TO C H A T T E L S L A V E R Y IN LOW C O U N T R Y GEORGIA,

5 viii CONTENTS 26 Edward A. Pearson 'A COUNTRYSIDE FULL OF FLAMES': A RECONSIDERATION OF THE STONO REBELLION AND SLAVE REBELLIOUSNESS IN THE EARLY EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY SOUTH CAROLINA LOWCOUNTRY Gad Heuman RUNAWAY SLAVES IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY BARBADOS Richard Price MAROONS AND THEIR COMMUNITIES Stuart B. Schwartz RESISTANCE AND ACCOMMODATION IN E IG H T E E N T H-C E N T U R Y BRAZIL: THE SLAVES' VIEW OF SLAVERY 626 PART EIGHT Race and Social Structure 635 INTRODUCTION Winthrop D. Jordan AMERICAN CHIAROSCURO: THE STATUS AND DEFINITION OF MULATTOES IN THE B R ITI S H -CO LO N I E S Gad Heuman THE FREE COLOREDS IN JAMAICAN SLAVE SOCIETY ' Arnold A. Sio M A R G I N A L I T Y A N D F R E E C O L O U R E D I D E N T I T Y IN C A R I B B E A N S L A V E S O C I E T Y David Northrup IGBO AND MYTH IGBO: CULTURE AND ETHNICITY IN THE ATLANTIC WORLD, PART NINE Africans in the Atlantic World 701 INTRODUCTION Joseph C. Miller H I S T O R Y A N D A F R I C A / A F R I C A A N D H I S T O R Y Robin Law and Kristin Mann WEST AFRICA IN THE ATLANTIC COMMUNITY: THE CASE OF THE SLAVE COAST 739

6 CONTENTS ix 36 John Thornton T H E A F R I C A N E X P E R I E N C E O F T H E ' 2 0. A N D O D D N E G R O E S ' ARRIVING IN VIRGINIA IN Daniel L. Schafer F A M I L Y T I E S T H A T B I N D : A N G L O - A F R I C A N S L A V E T R A D E R S I N A F R I C A A N D F L O R I D A, J O H N F R A S E R A N D H I S D E S C E N D A N T S Index 796

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