A Resonant Switched Reluctance Motor Drive for Marine Propulsion

Transcription

1 A Resonan Swihed Reluane Moo Dive fo Maine Populsion Y.P.B.YEUNG, K.W.E.CHENG, S..HO and X.D.XUE Depamen of Eleial Engineeing The Hong Kong Polyehni Univesiy Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR CHINA Absa: - Swihed eluane moos have high effiieny, high powe densiy, high faul oleane, and low manufauing os. They have a high poenial o be applied in elei maine populsion. Effiieny of powe onvesion is one of he impoan iems. A esonan onvee is poposed fo swihed eluane moo dive. All high fequeny swihes in he onvee ae opeaed unde zeo-volage swihing ondiion. The zeo-volage swihing feaue povides low swihing loss. Opeaion of he poposed iui is povided in his pape. Key-Wods: - Sof-swihing, zeo-volage, moo dive, populsion, swihed eluane moo 1 Inoduion As he vey high flexibiliy of powe ansmission and ahie ue of powe sysem, elei populsion sysem is a end fo maine populsion. Boh DC and AC mahines have been using as elei maine populsion fo many yeas, paiulaly DC bush-ype mahines. The DC mahines have he advanages of high sa ing oque and baking oque, wide speed ange feaue wih smooh egulaion, and good evesion abiliy. Howeve, powe densiy of his ype of mahine is low while powe densiy is one of he main onens of modifying elei ship. The spike fom he bushes of he mahines also leads o hei low eliabiliy and high mainenane oss. Reenly, elei maine populsion sysems wih ohe ypes of mahines, suh as pemanen magne (PM) bushless moos and high empeaue supeonduo (HTS) moos, have been poposed [1-3] These kinds of moo povide high oque, high effiieny, high eliabiliy, a level of faul oleane, and high powe densiy paiulaly HTS moos. These feaues ae vey suiable fo populsion in maine puposes. Beause of he need of high magneised pemanen magne in PM bushless moos and he need of supe-onduo in HTS moos, manufauing oss of hese mahines ae high. Ohe han he mahines menioned above, swihed eluane moos (SRMs) [4-5] ae also well suied fo elei maine populsion. Fig. 1 shows a 4-phase 6-pole 8/6 swihed eluane moo. Mehanial powe is podued by he hange of eluane beween he yokes of he sao and he oo. This kind of mahines has no oppe wie o pemanen magne. Momen of ineia of hei oos is low. Thei manufauing oss ae ompaaively low. Effiieny is a fa of powe densiy of eleial powe onvees. If he effiieny of he onvee is he highe, he ooling sysem is he smalle and he powe densiy is he highe. Sof-swihing ehniques have been widely used in powe onvees. As he aings of IGBT beome highe and highe, i is possible o apply sof-swihing ehniques in powe onvesions [6] in elei maine populsion. In his pape, a esonan onvee fo swihed eluane moo dive is poposed. All high fequeny IGBTs ae opeaed unde zeo-volage ondiion. Resonan volages of he high fequeny swihes ae lamped by aive-lamp iuis. The zeo-volage swihing feaue an also avoids poduing high EMI ha may affe opeaions of ohe eleial equipmens like sensos and adas. Fig. 1 8/6 swihed eluane moo.

2 Ca a C b b Qxa D xa Q xb D xb C a D a Cb Q b D b C in D a Ph A D 1 PhC D 3 D b PhB D 2 PhD D 4 Q 1 Q 3 Q 2 Q 4 Fig. 2 Ciui diagam of he esonan SRM dive 2 Opeaion Piniples of he Resonan SRM Dive C in Q x C vqx i C D x v v i D ansisos. Thei swihing fequeny is high. They ae all swihed unde zeo-volage ondiion. The speed of he mahine is onolled by he hange of he duy aio of he gae signal of he hopping ansisos. C is a esonan apaio and is a esonan induo. They esonae o povide zeo-volage swihing fo. Q x, D x and C fom a lamping iui. The lamping iui lamps he esonan volage of C o edue volage sess of Qa. In nomal design, C is muh lage han C. D a Ph A D 1 Fig. 3 Pe -phase equivalen iui of he esonan SRM dive Fig. 2 shows he iui diagam of he esonan SRM dive fo a 4-phase SRM. The SRM is onolled by pulse-widh modulaion mehod. Q 1 o Q 4 ae he ommuaion ansisos. To edue aousi noise of he SRM, sof-hopping mehod is used in his onvee. Hene, swihing fequeny of he ommuaion ansisos is low so ha swihing loss of hese ansisos is also low. Sof-swihing ehnique is no applied on hese ansisos o edue manufauing os. and Q b ae he hopping ansisos and Q xa and Q xb ae he auxiliay Q1 ia Q x v v Qx v i i DT + 1 γ δ 1 I I α -I -I β + 1 Fig. 4 Idealised wavefoms of he esonan SRM dive δ λ σ

3 (a) [ 0 1 ] (b) [ 1 2 ] () [ 2 3 ] (d) [ 3 4 ] Fig. 3 shows a pe-phase equivalen iui of he esonan SRM dive. In egeneaing sage, he ommuaion ansiso is swihed off. The egeneaing uen flows hough Da and D o he in. In mooing sage, hee ae oally seven saes of opeaion in one swihing peiod of eah hopping ansiso. Fig. 4 shows he idealized wavefoms of he SRM dive in mooing sage. The oesponding ommuaion ansiso is on in he whole mooing sage when ha phase is enegised. Desibing he idealized wavefoms, Fig. 5 shows he pe -phase equivalen iui of eah sae of opeaion in mooing sage. Consideing he induane of he phase winding is vey lage, he phase winding uen is assum ed o be a onsan, I. is swihed off a 0. Q x is mainaining off. C is haged in esonan manne wih bu i an be onsideed as appoximaely linealy haging. One v is lage han +v CC, D x beomes fowad bias a 1. C esonaes wih. Sine C is muh lage han C. he uen of C is vey small ompaing o he oally i. This uen an be assumed o be zeo. C lamps v as a low volage level. While he esonan uen, i, is sill posiive, Q x is swihed on a 2. Q x is zeo-volage swihed on. The negaive esonan uen flows hough Q x insead of D x. e he angula esonan fequeny of C and, ω, be 1 / C and he esonan impedane, Z, be of he esonane ae: / C, he equaions v i ( ) + ( ) = I Z sin ω 1 1 osω 1 (1) 1 = I osω ( ) sinω ( ) 1 1 Z (2) (e) [ 4 5 ] (f) [5 6] whee 1 IZ sin ωα = (3) 1 osω α (g) [ 6 7 ] Fig. 5 Pe -phase equivalen iuis of saes of opeaion of he esonan SRM dive and α is he duaion fom 1 o 3. When he esonan uen is sill negaive, Q x is swihed off a 3. esonaes wih C insead of C. C is dishaged in esonan manne. e he angula esonan fequeny of C and, ω, be 1 / C and he esonan impedane, Z, be v / C, i gives he equaions: ( ) I Z ( ) = + ω ω (4) in 1 os 3 sin 3

4 i 1 = I osω ( ) sin ω ( ) 3 3 (5) Z + Z I (9) 1 in The duaion of his sae, β, is: 1 1 in 1 1 β = sin an (6) ω + I Z I Z 1 4 Simulaion Resuls of he Resonan SRM Dive The esonane sops a 4 while he v eahes zeo. D is fowad bias o demagneise. is swihed on a 5 while i is sill negaive. is swihed on unde zeo-volage ondiion. When i is posiive, i flows hough o he phase winding. i is ineasing in his sae and i eahes I a 6. Fom 6 o 7, i sops ineasing and mainaining equal o I. Anohe swihing sas a 7. 3 Cieia of Sof-swihing Fo hopping ansiso and auxiliay ansiso, afe one ansiso is swihed off, anohe one will be swihed on afe a sho delay. As shown in Fig. 4, δ 1 and δ 2 ae he sho delays. To obain zeo-volage swihing ondiion fo boh ansisos, eain ieia have o be me. Fis of all, Q x should be swihed on bef oe i deeases o zeo. Cieia of δ 1 and δ 2 o obain sof-swihing ae deived: C ( ) ( ) + in δ an 1 I ω I in 1 osωα sin ω α (7) β δ 2 β + (8) (a) (b) v 1 I + Z Sae I 0 Z i Fig. 6. Sae-plane of he sae [ 3 4 ] Also, v in he sae of [ 3-4 ] has o eah zeo o povide zeo-volage swihing fo. A saeplane diagam of his sae is shown in Fig. 6. I shows ha anohe ieion of ahieving zeo-volage swihing is: () Fig. 7 Compue simulaion of he esonan SRM dive

5 A esonan SRM dive is simulaed by using iui simulaion pakage Sabe whih is espeially fo powe eleonis and mahine simulaion. The iui is simulaed wih a 4-phase 8/6 SRM. The inpu volage of he iui, in, is 13.3k. In his ompue simulaion, he swihing fequeny of he hopping ansisos and he auxiliay ansisos is 10kHz. C in is 1000µF, a and b ae 6.3µH, C a and C b ae 20pF, and C a and C b ae 550µF. The SRM opeaes wih sof-hopping and PWM mehod. Dwell angle of eah phase of he SRM is 15 and is fiing angle is 0. The eleial oupu powe of he SRM dive in he simulaion is 4.3MW. The angula speed of he SRM is 180pm. The om pue simulaion esuls ae shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 7(a) shows he swihing sequene of he ommuaion ansisos and he simulaed ommuaion uens of Pha and Phb efeing o Fig. 2. ia is he uen of Pha and ib is he uen of Phb. The esul veifies ha he SRM an have nomal opeaion when diven by he poposed esonan SRM dive. Fig. 7(b) shows he wavefoms of he olleo-o-emie volage of, i.e., v a, when is swihed on. I is lealy shown ha when he hopping ansiso is iggeed o on, he devie s volage is zeo. Fig. 7() shows he wavefoms of he dain-o-soue volage of Q xa when Q xa is swihed on. The simulaion esuls veify ha he auxiliay ansisos in he esonan SRM dive ae swihed on unde zeo-volage swihing. The opeaion ondiion of he moo has also be esed a ohe ondiion and vey favouable sof-swihing has also been obained. 5 Conlusion Swihed eluane moos ae a kind of poenial mahine fo elei maine populsion beause of hei low manufauing oss, bushless suues, low momen of ineia of oos, and high oque poduions. A esonan onvee fo he SRM dive was inodued. This SRM dive povides high effiieny and low EMI by he ehnique of zeo-volage swihing fo all high fequeny ansisos. Resonan volages of he hopping ansisos ae lamped by he lamping iui. The opeaion piniples of he esonan SRM dive was desibed. Cieia of ahieving sof-swihing wee povided. Compue simulaion of he esonan SRM dive was done. The simulaion esuls veified ha boh he high fequeny hopping ansisos and auxiliay ansisos ae swihed unde zeo-volage ondiion. The poposed dive iui fo SRM is a iui wih poenial o eplae he lassial mehod of SRM dive. The powe level an be lage wih viually no swihing loss. I epesens a moe feasible soluion fo eliable and high effiieny sysem. One of he main advanages is ha unde high inpu volage, he esonan volages ae sill unde low and lamped value ahe han a few imes highe han he inpu volage. I heefoe gives a safe opeaion and lowe devie os fo he IGBT. The hemal managemen of he poposed sysem is also heefoe edued. Even hough unde vey advese ondiion, he hemal dissipaion an also be bee off and unde onol as ompaed o onvenional had-swihing mehod. Aknowledgmen: The auhos gaefully aknowledge he suppo of he Reseah Commiee of he Hong Kong Polyehni Univesiy and he RGC of Hong Kong fo he poje PolyU5085/98E. Refeenes: [1] Ren xiuming, Yiu binghaun and huang hai, high-powe muli-phase pemanen magne (PM) populsion moo, Poeedings of Eleial Mahinesand Sysems, vol. 2, Aug. 2001, pp [2] D.S.Pake and C.G.Hodge, The Elei Waship [Elei Populsion], Powe Engineeing Jounal, vol. 12, no. 1, Feb. 1998, pp [3] B.B.Gamble, S.Kalsi, G.Snihle, D.Madua and R.Howad, The Saus of HTS Moos, IEEE Powe Engineeing Soiey Summe Meeing, vol. 1, July 2002, pp [4] T.J.E.Mille, Swihed Reluane Moos and Thei Conol, Magna Physis Publishing and Claendon Pess, Oxfod, [5] R.Kishnan, Swihed Reluane moo Dives Modeling, Simulaion, Analysis, Design, and Appliaions, CRC Pess, [6] F.C.ee, R.Wason, and G.C.Hua, Uilizaion of an aive-lamp iui o ahieve sof swihing in flybak onvees, IEEE Tans. Powe Eleon., vol. 11, no. 1, Jan. 1996, pp