AP Physics 1 Information & Summer Assignment 2015

Transcription

1 AP Phyic 1 Information & Summer Aignment 015 Introduction Welcome to AP Phyic 1 coure, which may prove to be one of the mot fun & rewarding clae that you will take in high chool. However, pleae be advied that both the coure and the AP exam will be challenging. You already know that AP clae are taught a college coure not jut college-level coure, but actual college coure. Thi mean that: I will do a much a I can to help you learn, but you and you alone are reponible for learning and undertanding everything covered in cla. I will give you aignment and fair warning about due date and tet date, but I will not chae after you. If you were abent and you need to turn in an aignment late, you need to find out about the aignment, download it from HAC, do it, and to how it to me; do not aume I will ak you for it. If you re having trouble with omething, you need to be proactive about learning it, either by coming in for help after chool, conulting with your clamate, or by getting outide help from omewhere ele. Thi expectation i effective immediately, tarting with thi ummer aignment. Remember your job i to ucceed; my job i to do everything in my power to help you be ucceful, but I can do my job only to the extent that you do your. However, even if you do all of the above, the AP Phyic 1 exam i not like mot other AP exam. For example, the AP Literature exam doe not imply tet whether you have read and know the plot and character of dozen of novel; it tet your ability to interpret and write coherently about them. Similarly, the AP Phyic 1 exam doe not tet whether you know the relevant phyic concept and equation, but how well you can apply them to complex problem and ituation. The AP Phyic 1 exam i at leat a much about problem-olving a it i about phyic content. Unfortunately, while the Lynn Public School have probably taught you to be a decent writer, you have probably learned more about how to avoid problem olving ( Whenever you ee a problem that look like thi, jut memorize and ue thi formula. ) than about how to approach and olve a complex, multi-tep problem methodically. For thi reaon, you may find the AP Phyic 1 coure and exam to be harder than mot (if not all) of the other AP coure and exam that you will take. Coure & Contact Information Coure information: biglerj@lynnchool.org You can download jut about everything you need (including replacement copie of thi ummer aignment and reference table) from the webite. I will read and repond to ent to either addre throughout the ummer and chool year. Summer 015 Page 1 of 1

2 AP Phyic 1 Information & Summer Aignment 015 About the Summer Aignment The goal of thi ummer aignment are to give you an introduction to the kind of thinking you need for AP Phyic 1. I expect many of you to truggle with the aignment. I expect many of you to be frutrated with it. I do not expect mot of you to be able to do it without help. The aignment conit of a lab experiment, a et of problem, and a tak of inventing your own complex problem and olving it. All part of thi aignment are due on Monday September 14, 015. * Do not leave thi aignment until the lat week of vacation. If you do, you will be orry! Recommended Supplie I recommend the following upplie for AP Phyic 1: Scientific calculator. It doe not need to be a graphing calculator, though you are welcome to ue a graphing calculator if you already have one. AP Phyic 1 Cla Note. Thee are the ame note that I will project on the SMART board and ue in cla. You can download an electronic copy (PDF) for free from my webite. However, I recommend purchaing a hardcopy, o you can write directly in it throughout the year and take it with you when you go to college. Look for the heading AP Phyic 1 Cla Note on the cla web page, and follow the link for the electronic verion and/or the print verion (which you can order from lulu.com). Phyic Fundamental textbook, by Vincent P. Coletta. Thi i the textbook that we will be uing to upplement the cla note and dicuion. You can download a PDF verion of the book for free by following the link from the cla web page. The uername i my lat name, and the paword i my favorite phrae (all lower cae, and including the pace). Feel free to ak me or anyone ele. AP Phyic 1 exam review book. There are everal, all of which have their good point and bad point. I have a light preference for Princeton Review and SparkNote, and I tend to avoid Baron. The Cartoon Guide to Phyic, by Larry Gonick and Art Huffman. Thi book i an eay read and it provide excellent viual explanation of all of the topic in AP Phyic. * If your cla doe not meet on that day, the aignment will be due on the next cla day. Summer 015 Page of 1

3 AP Phyic 1 Information & Summer Aignment 015 Warning about Copying and Other Form of Cheating Almot all tudent copy homework aignment, tet, and anything ele they can get away with from each other and from the Internet. AP tudent do thi more than mot, becaue grade-wie, you have the mot at take. However, the more you cheat, the more you limit your learning to only concept and equation. If you get through the year by copying from other tudent or the Internet, I can almot guarantee that you will get a 1 on the AP exam, and you will complain that you learned nothing from your AP Phyic 1 cla. If I catch you cheating on a tet or major aignment, a parent or legal guardian will have to give me permiion to let you re-take the tet or re-ubmit the aignment (in either cae, for reduced credit). In cae of cheating, you will not be allowed to re-take or re-ubmit without my having a voice converation (either by phone or in peron) with your parent or guardian firt. Summer Aignment Part 1: Working with Phyic Equation One of the tak that I will aume you are capable of i determining which quantitie are given in a ituation (word) problem, finding an equation that relate thee quantitie, rearranging the equation to olve for the quantity that the problem i aking for, and ubtituting the correct value into the rearranged equation in order to obtain the anwer. The following are imple one-tep problem involving phyic concept that you have not learned yet. To olve each: A. Look up the variable aigned to the quantitie given in the problem and the quantity you need. B. Find an equation that relate each of the quantitie in part A. C. Rearrange the equation to olve for the quantity you need. D. Subtitute the value of the variable from the problem into your rearranged equation. E. Calculate the anwer and attach the appropriate unit. You will need your AP Phyic 1 equation table (on the next two page) for thi part Note that a variable with a ubcript o mean initially. For example, if a car accelerated from would be 10 m to 0 m, then v o (the initial velocity) would be 10 m and v (the final velocity) 0 m. Summer 015 Page 3 of 1

4 AP Phyic 1 Information & Summer Aignment 015 Problem 1. What i the velocity, in m, of a car that travel a ditance 90. m in a time of 4.5?. What i the acceleration, in m, of a car whoe velocity change from a time of 5.0? 3. If a force of 100. N act on a ma of 5.0 kg, what i it acceleration in m? 60. m to 80. m in 4. What i the potential energy due to gravity, in J, of an anvil with a ma of 95 kg that i about to fall off a cliff that i 150 m high onto Wile E. Coyote head? 5. A car ha a ma of 100 kg and kinetic energy of J. What i the car velocity in m? 6. If a block ha 18 N of momentum and a velocity of 3.0 m, what i it ma in kg? 7. An electrical component that ha a reitance of 5 Ω ha an electric potential of 110 V applied to it. How many ampere (A) of current flow through the reitor? 8. A 100 W hair dryer i plugged into an electrical circuit with a voltage of 110 V. How much current, in ampere (A), flow through the hair dryer? 9. What i the frequency, in Hz, of a wave that i traveling at a velocity of 300. m and ha a wavelength of 10. m? Summer 015 Page 4 of 1

5 AP Phyic 1 Information & Summer Aignment 015 ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS 1 EQUATIONS, EFFECTIVE 015 Proton ma, Neutron ma, Electron ma, Speed of light, CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS 7 m p kg Electron charge magnitude, 19 e C 7 m n kg Coulomb law contant, 9 k 1/ 4o N m /C 31 m e kg Univeral gravitational contant, 11 3 G m /kg 8 m Acceleration due to gravity c at Earth urface, g 9.8 m/ UNIT SYMBOLS meter, m kelvin, K watt, W degree Celiu, C kilogram, k hertz, Hz coulomb, C econd, newton, N volt, V ampere, A joule, J ohm, Ω PREFIXES VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES Factor Prefix Symbol θ tera T in θ 0 1/ 3/5 / 4/5 3 / giga G co θ 1 3 / 4/5 / 3/5 1/ mega M tan θ 0 3 / 3 3/4 1 4/ kilo k 10 centi c The following convention are ued in thi exam milli m I. The frame of reference of any problem i aumed to be inertial unle otherwie tated micro μ II. Aume air reitance i negligible unle otherwie tated nano n III. In all ituation, poitive work i defined a work done on a ytem pico p IV. The direction of current i conventional current: the direction in which poitive charge would drift. V. Aume all batterie and meter are ideal unle otherwie tated. Summer 015 Page 5 of 1

6 AP Phyic 1 Information & Summer Aignment 015 ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS 1 EQUATIONS, EFFECTIVE 015 MECHANICS a acceleration q vx vxo axt 1q F A amplitude E k r 1 d ditance t q x xo vxot ax I E energy t f frequency vx vxo ax ( x xo) R F force A F Fnet I rotational inertia a V I m m K kinetic energy R F k pring contant f F n P I V L angularmomentum v length R a c R i r i m ma p P power 1 mv 1 p momentum R p i Ri p Ft r radiuor eparation K 1 mv E W F d Fd co T period t time U potential energy v f ELECTRICITY E V volume P GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY t v peed W work doneon a ytem o t 1 t Rectangle o A bh A area x poition Triangle C circumference o t y height A 1 V volume bh α angularacceleration S urface area x Aco( ft) μ coefficient of friction Circle b bae θ angle A r h height net ρ denity C r length I I w width τ torque Rectangular olid r F rf in r radiu ω angularpeed V wh L I mgy Cylinder U g V r 1 L t T f F k x m T Sphere k V 3 1 U kx T S 4 r p g m m F g G m V m m G 1 r U g Fg g m 1 r Summer 015 Page 6 of 1 S r r 4 r 3 WAVES A area F force I current length P power q charge R reitance r eparation t time V electric potential reitivity f frequency v peed wavelength Right triangle c a b a in c b co c a tan b

7 AP Phyic 1 Information & Summer Aignment 015 Summer Aignment Part : Multi-Step Problem The mot difficult tak in AP Phyic 1 i undertanding, etting up, and olving multi-tep ituation (word) problem. A a way of learning to do thi, part of your ummer aignment i to go through the proce in revere. You mut invent a complex ituation problem that require at leat three conceptual tep and provide a detailed olution. A uggeted approach i: 1. Start with a ituation problem, of the type you would find in a typical algebra 1 cla. Write down the equation. (Let call thi Equation #1.). Invent a econd problem that you need to olve in order to get the value of one of the variable needed for Equation #1. (Let call the equation for thi problem Equation #. 3. Invent a third problem that you need to olve in order to get one of the variable needed for Equation #. (Let call the equation for thi problem Equation #3.) 4. Determine all of the variable that you need to pecify the value of in order to be able to olve Equation #3, then Equation #, and then finally Equation #1. 5. Write a ingle ituation problem that decribe the ituation and give all of the variable needed (but no additional information). 6. Write out a complete olution: a. Start by writing down Equation #3 a all variable (no number). Rearrange thi equation to olve for the variable needed in Equation #. b. Write down Equation # a all variable (again, no number). Subtitute your expreion from part (a) into Equation #, and rearrange it to olve for the variable needed in Equation #1. c. Write down Equation #1 a all variable (no number). Subtitute your expreion from part (b) into Equation #1, and rearrange it to olve for the variable needed to anwer the quetion. d. Subtitute number from the problem into your expreion and olve it. Summer 015 Page 7 of 1

8 AP Phyic 1 Information & Summer Aignment 015 Summer Aignment Part 3: Experiment The laboratory aignment i to build, trouble-hoot and optimize a device that can time an interval of exactly ten econd, uing whatever material you can find around your houe. You will bring your timer into chool, where you will compete againt your clamate to ee whoe timer come cloet to exactly ten econd. (The winner in each cla get one up quark of extra credit.) You will alo be required to turn in a handwritten lab report decribing the deign, building, and operation of your timer. The requirement for the timer contet are: 1. Your timer may not ue electricity or any kind of clock.. Your timer mut perform a minimum of two eparate and ditinct action. For example, a marble that roll down a ramp and puhe a lever, which ring a bell would count a two ditinct action: a. Marble roll down ramp and hit lever. b. Lever wing and hit bell. 3. Your timer may not be an unmodified off-the-helf item. If you ue a pre-made device or object a part of your timer, you need to modify it in ome ubtantial way that affect how you ue it to meaure ten econd. ( me if you re not ure.) 4. If your timer doe omething repetitive, you may count a pecific number of repetition. For example, if the final action of your timer i a ball on a tring that wind around a pole, you may meaure ten econd by how long it take the ball to go around the pole ome pecific number of time. 5. Your timer may not require human interaction after it ha tarted (except for counting repetition of ome action, a decribed in rule #4 above). 6. You mut declare in advance how your timer will indicate when ten econd ha elaped. For example, having a gadget that flop around on the floor randomly while you count in your head one-miiippi, two-miiippi... i not acceptable. 7. You have a maximum of two () minute to et up your timer. 8. Student may help each other, but each tudent mut have hi/her own timer and writeup. 9. Elaped time will be meaured by, uing a hand-held topwatch. Becaue of the limit of human reaction time, reult within 0.1 of each other will be conidered equivalent. (Thi may reult in multiple winner.) Summer 015 Page 8 of 1

9 AP Phyic 1 Information & Summer Aignment 015 Your write-up hould include the following ection: Title & Objective: a decriptive title and the objective (purpoe) of the experiment. Background: your experimental objective and your overall approach to meeting it. Procedure: a detailed decription of how you built your timer and how you operate it. Data & Obervation: lit the time for each of your trial run (you need a minimum of eight eparate data point), and a decription of any adjutment/change you made after each one. Analyi: calculation, quantitative and qualitative error analyi, and a concluion. Following i an illutrative example of the laboratory write-up format that we will ue. Sample Write-Up The following i an illutrative example of what a lab write-up might look like. Note that lab write-up mut be handwritten (to make copying more inconvenient). Name: Stu Dent Date: 6/17/15 Lab Partner: Rita Book, Joe King Title: Determining the Velocity of a Rolling Ball Objective: to meaure the average velocitie of a ball rolling down a ramp, tarting from different height. Your Background need to decribe how you intend to obtain the data that you need in order to meet the objective. If you can meaure all quantitie directly, decribe (in a entence or two) how you will produce and meaure the data. If you cannot meaure a quantity directly, tart with a formula that include it and decribe (in a entence or two) how you will produce and meaure each quantity in the formula. If one or more of the neceary variable in the formula cannot be meaured directly, apply additional formula a above until you can produce and meaure each quantity you need. Background: We can t meaure v directly, o we will olve for it uing the formula We can meaure d and t directly, and from thee we can calculate v. d v. t To meaure d and t, roll the ball down a ramp, tarting from different poition on the ramp. Mark fixed ditance (d ) and meaure time (t ). Summer 015 Page 9 of 1

10 AP Phyic 1 Information & Summer Aignment 015 Procedure: 1. Meaure the width of one tile in the hallway.. Count 10 tile on the floor in the hallway. 3. Place a ramp that i.45 m long and 0.31 m high o that the end of the ramp i at the edge of a tile. 4. Mark the tart and end point with making tape. 5. Place the ball at five different point on the ramp and let it roll down the ramp and down the hallway. Every experiment mut have a ketch. Remember to label quantitie a well a object. The dimenion of the ramp and the floor tile are relevant to the experiment, o you need to include them. 6. Record the time it take the ball to cro the finih line (end of the 10 th tile pat the tarting point) for each trial. 7. Calculate the velocity of each trial. Data & Obervation: Uually the firt column on the left will be your independent variable, then your dependent variable, then your calculated value. Trial # Start ditance (from end of ramp) (m) Ditance on floor (m) Time () Average Velocity m (top) Summer 015 Page 10 of 1

11 AP Phyic 1 Information & Summer Aignment 015 Analyi: Dicuion: Dicuion hould give an overview of the reult. The minimum i two entence for a imple lab, but a complex experiment could require anywhere from a couple of paragraph to everal page. The average velocity increaed a the point of releae of the ball increaed. Calculation: Sample calculation for average velocity: d v t 7.5 m v 1.79 m 4. Notice that the formula appear firt with variable and then with number. Remember to include the unit! Uncertainty Quantitative Uncertainty Calculation Aume reaction time i about Relative error i (Equivalent to 5.59% error.) Note: average tartle repone reaction time i 10 0 m. However, thi can be ignificantly le if the peron can anticipate the tart and top event. A reaonable educated gue for a peron timing a predictable event with a topwatch i about 100 m or 0.1. Etimated error in ditance meaurement i about mm. Relative error i (Equivalent to 0.67% error.) 750 Total relative error i = (Equivalent to 5.86% error.) Abolute error i m 0.10 m. Detailed reult with uncertaintie are lited in the data table. To convert relative error to abolute error, multiply the relative error by the meaurement. Source of uncertainty: Ability to tell exactly when the ball croed the tape might have varied. Ball did not roll in a traight line. Source of uncertainty hould never include human error unle you think it actually happened and wa unavoidable. Never ay anything that ugget that you or your lab partner might be tupid (uch a We might have written down the wrong number. or We might have done our calculation wrong. ) Summer 015 Page 11 of 1

12 AP Phyic 1 Information & Summer Aignment 015 Concluion: We calculated the velocitie of ball that rolled down a ramp from different height. The velocitie ranged from m tarting 0.5 m before the end of the ramp to m tarting from the top of the ramp (.47 m before the end). Your concluion need to retate: 1. A ummary of what you did (one or two entence).. Your major reult(). 3. You don t need to repeat ource of uncertainty or error in your concluion unle you think they actually had a ignificant effect on your experiment. Summer 015 Page 1 of 1