Cold Controlled Chemistry. Roman Krems University of British Columbia
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1 Cold Controlled Chemistry Roman Krems University of British Columbia
2 Sergey Alyabyshev Zhiying Li Timur Tscherbul
3 Outline Cold and ultracold molecules - denitions Chemistry at ultracold temperatures External eld control of molecular collisions at low Ts Electric-eld-induced Feshbach resonances Reactions in magnetic traps Chemistry in conned geometries Electric eld modication of chemical reactions Possible applications of cold controlled chemistry
4 $ Centrifugal barrier o p yk j~ o v Πt %Wjlkny j +j mwv]x jy yv kt r t r v %Wjlkny t j &+j mwv x jy yv kt r ~
5 Temperature scale (Kelvin)
6 cold Temperature scale (Kelvin)
7 ultra-cold cold Temperature scale (Kelvin)
8 ultra-cold cold warm hot Temperature scale (Kelvin)
9 Coldest T in the Universe ultra-cold cold warm hot Temperature scale (Kelvin)
10 !" #%$ & '( ) *+, $.-/ 0-213#4$3' 1 - &35
11 ' Typical Rate Coefficient room temperature Temperature (K) "!#%$'&)(*,+-#.0/,/ ,7,*09
12 ' Typical Rate Coefficient room temperature Temperature (K) "!#%$'&)(*,+-#.0/,/ ,7,*09
13 ' Typical Rate Coefficient room temperature Temperature (K) "!#%$'&)(*,+-#.0/,/ ,7,*09
14 ' Typical Rate Coefficient room temperature Temperature (K) "!#%$'&)(*,+-#.0/,/ ,7,*09
15 ' Typical cross section Collision energy (Kelvin)
16 ' Typical cross section Wigner s laws: elastic cross section ~ constant reaction cross section ~ 1/velocity Collision energy (Kelvin)
17 ' Wigner s laws: elastic cross section ~ constant reaction cross section ~ 1/velocity rate ~ velocity x cross section elastic rate ~ 0 reaction rate ~ constant
18 ' 3 ~ # " " " " '#
19 2 2 #%$ & ' -* $.- / 0-21#%$' 1- & ) - / # ( - $
20 External eld control of molecular collisions
21
22 Experimental and theoretical studies of the Coherent Control of unimolecular processes have seen spectacular growth over the last two decades. By contrast, Coherent Control of collisional processes remains a significant challenge... Paul Brumer, DAMOP 2007, Bulletin of the APS
23 Thermal gas is difficult to control
24 E Low temperature gas under external field
25 E Low temperature gas in superimposed fields B
26 PRL, 96, (2006)
27 The energy of Li and Cs in the states with m fli = 1 and m fcs = 1 Potential energy (K) Magnetic field (Gauss)
28 The energy of Li and Cs Total angular momentum projection M= Potential energy (K) Magnetic field (Gauss)
29 Feshbach resonance
30 S-wave elastic scattering cross section (a.u.) Magnetic field (Gauss)
31 Cross section (Å 2 ) Zero electric field Magnetic field (Gauss)
32 Cross section (Å 2 ) Zero electric field kv/cm Magnetic field (Gauss)
33 10 8 PRL 96, (2006) Cross section (Å 2 ) Electric Field (kv/cm)
34 Chemical reactions in magnetic traps
35 q q p q p q triplet state A + BC singlet state B + AC
36 How do electric fields affect spin rel Induce couplings between the rotational levels (!N Energy diagram of a Increase 2 Σ diatomic the energy molecule gap between the rotational lev R. V. Krems, A.Dalgarno, N.Balakrishnan, and G.C. Groenenboom, PRA 67, 06
37 Enhancement of spin relaxation First-order Stark effect T. V. Tscherbul and R.V. Krems, PRL 97, (2006)
38 Enhancement of spin relaxation (a 3D view)
39 Reactions in conned geometries
40
41 ' Wigner s laws: elastic cross section ~ constant reaction cross section ~ 1/velocity rate ~ velocity x cross section elastic rate ~ 0 reaction rate ~ constant
42 Threshold collision laws Collision 3D 2D s-wave elastic σ = const σ 1 v ln 2 v s-wave reaction σ = 1/v σ 1 v ln 2 v s-wave to non-s-wave σ v 2l non-s-wave to non-s-wave σ v 2l+2l H. R. Sadeghpour et al, J. Phys. B 33, R93 (2000)
43
44
45
46 Z. Li, S. V. Alyabyshev, and RK, PRL 100, (2008).
47 Threshold collision laws Collision 3D quasi-2d s-wave elastic σ = const σ 1 v ln 2 v s-wave reaction σ = 1/v σ 1 v ln 2 v s-wave to non-s-wave σ v 2l σ v 2 m 1 1 ln 2 v non-s-wave to non-s-wave σ v 2l+2l σ v 2 m +2 m 1 Z. Li, S. V. Alyabyshev, and RK, PRL 100, (2008).
48 Li + HF LiF + H
49 Cold controlled chemistry Theory of reactive scattering in external elds Li + HF! LiF + H Molecular collisions in elds Energy diagram of the reaction Li + HF(v=0, j=0) v=1 HF(v=0) j ΔE = ev LiF(v=0) Electric field ev ev Timur V. Tscherbul and Roman V. Krems: Eects of electromagnetic elds on cold chemical reactions Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
50 10-15 T = 0.05 K Rate constant (cm 3 /s) T = 0.75 K Electric field (kv/cm)
51 Possible applications of cold controlled chemistry
52 Inelastic collisions and chemical reactions at ultra-cold temperatures are extremely state selective Inelastic collisions of H 2 with H Cross section for inelastic relaxation (A) H 2 (v=1, j=2) + H 2 (v=0, j=0) H 2 (v=1, j=0) + H 2 (v=0, j=0) H 2 (v=1, j=0) + H 2 (v=0, j=2) Collision energy (cm -1 ) can be used to produce molecules with inverted populations chemical lasers based on ultra-cold collisions
53 Controlled photodissociation of ultra-cold molecules M. G. Moore and A. Vardi, PRL 88, (2002): entangled pairs of molecules coherent control of bi-molecular collisions
54 Chemical reactions in magnetic traps Enhancement of spin relaxation (a 3D view) reactions near tunable avoided crossings geometric phase effects chemical reactions induced by fine interactions
55 Chemistry in confined geometries B Suppressed collisional spin relaxation B Enhanced collisional spin relaxation stereodynamics of ultra-cold collisions effects of symmetry breaking effects of long-range interactions
56 Collisions of molecules with tunable velocities resonances in chemical dynamics of molecule new systems to test reaction rate theories
57 References Z. Li, S. V. Alyabyshev and R. V. Krems, PRL 100, (2008). Z. Li and R. V. Krems, PRA 75, (2007). R. V. Krems, PRL 96, (2006). T. V. Tscherbul and R. V. Krems, PRL 97, (2006). T. V. Tscherbul, and R. V. Krems, JCP 125, (2006). Reviews R. V. Krems, Perspective on Cold Controlled Chemistry, fill this space to appear in PCCP (2008). R. V. Krems, Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 24, 99 (2005).
58 Cold Chemistry Group at UBC Sergey Alyabyshev Chris Hemming Felipe Herrera Zhiying Li Timur Tscherbul Erik Abrahamsson Harvard MIT CUA UBC Physics Funding:
Cold Controlled Chemistry. Roman Krems University of British Columbia
Cold Controlled Chemistry Roman Krems University of British Columbia Cold Chemistry Group at UBC Sergey Alyabyshev Chris Hemming Felipe Herrera Zhiying Li Timur Tscherbul Erik Abrahamsson UBC Physics Funding:
Cold Controlled Chemistry. Roman Krems University of British Columbia
Cold Controlled Chemistry Roman Krems University of British Columbia Sergey Alyabyshev Timur Tscherbul Zhiying Li Outline Cold and ultracold molecules - denitions Chemistry at ultracold temperatures External
Ultracold Molecules and Cold Controlled Chemistry. Roman Krems University of British Columbia
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Roman Krems University of British Columbia
Rotational Frenkel excitons in optical lattices with polar molecules Roman Krems University of British Columbia felipe-manuscript-comments-nov9.pdf felipe-manuscript-comments-dec9.pdf Ultracold molecules
COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. Index
347 Index a AC fields 81 119 electric 81, 109 116 laser 81, 136 magnetic 112 microwave 107 109 AC field traps see Traps AC Stark effect 82, 84, 90, 96, 97 101, 104 109 Adiabatic approximation 3, 10, 32
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