Original Article Studies on thermodynamic properties of binary mixture of Benzene, Toluene and CCl 4 in DMSO at T = K

Transcription

1 Avlble onlne t Interntonl Journl o Reerch n Phycl Chetry Unverl Reerch Publcton. All rght reerved Orgnl Artcle Stude on therodync properte o bnry xture o Benzene, Toluene nd CCl 4 n DMSO t T = 08.5 K Abtrct Hrh Kur * & Deepk** *Dept. o Chetry, Ch. Dev Ll Unverty, Sr (Hryn) Ind * Dept. o Chetry, Snghn Unverty, Rjthn. hroudgl@redl.co Receved Augut 0; ccepted 04 Septeber 0 Denty ( ), ultronc peed ( u ) nd xce Molr olue ( ) o bnry xture o Benzene, Toluene nd CCl 4 n DMSO hve been eured over the entre rnge o copoton t 08.5 K. Fro thee experentl reult, preter uch entropc copreblty K, ntercton preter,, Flory preter, coecent, A, tndrd devton, ( Y ), nd olr ound velocty, R hve been etted. The exce uncton hve been tted to the Redlch-Kter polynol equton. The experentl ultronc peed hve been nlyzed n ter o Jcobon Free Length Theory (FLT), Sch Collon Fctor Theory (CFT), Nooto relton, nd n Del del xture relton. Interoleculr Free Length, L, nd vlble volue,, hve been clculted ro FLT, CFT, nd therocoutc pproch or ll the three bnry lqud yte t 08.5 K. 0 Unverl Reerch Publcton. All rght reerved Key word: Ultronc peed, xce Molr olue, Sch Collon Fctor Theory, Benzene, Toluene nd DMSO. Introducton : The eureent o therodync nd coutc properte contrbute to the undertndng o the phycochecl behvour o the bnry nd ultcoponent lqud xture. xce properte o lqud yte, uch olr volue, re requred or tetng the theore o oluton, developent o eprton technque nd equpent, nd or other ndutrl pplcton. Benzene, toluene nd CCl 4 re vertle orgnc olvent whch nd ue n nuber o ndutry. Thu, tudy o phycl properte dt on the bnry xture contnng benzene, toluene nd CCl 4 hve ttrcted conderble nteret n the lterture [-]. Thu, benzene, toluene nd CCl 4 n DMSO xed olvent would enble u to hve lrge nuber o olvent wth pproprte phycochecl properte, whch cn be ued or prtculr checl proce. Moreover, lterture urvey ndcte tht no ultronc tudy on thee bnry yte hve been reported t 08.5 K. Thereore, preent tudy w undertken n order to hve deeper undertndng o the nteroleculr ntercton between the coponent o the bove three bnry lqud xture. Thu, tudy o therodync properte dt on the bnry lqud xture o Benzene; Toluene nd CCl 4 n DMSO hve ttrcted conderble nteret n our preent tudy. Reerch worker n the pt hve hown tht NMR [4, 5], IR [6-7] nd Rn pectr [8], hve been ued to tudy oleculr ntercton. The velocty eureent o the propgton o ultronc wve [9-] nd ther borpton [4, 5] hve lredy been ound to be ueul n the tudy o oleculr ntercton or norgnc, orgnc nd orgnoetllc bnry yte. Lkewe, reercher [6-] hve lo eployed ultronc eureent to look nto the portnt conequence o on-olvent ntercton or the tructure o electrolytc oluton. Reerence [, ] relted to the eld o edcne, where reerence [4-7] bed on tude on eulon/ cro eulon, polyer urctnt ntercton [8] nd ultronc detructon o urctnt [9] re only ew ce to ugget vertlty o the technque. xperentl: Benzene, toluene nd CCl 4 were procured ro Fluk- Aldrch nd DMSO ro Fcher Scentc Ltd. nd re urther pured by the ethod gven n ogel text book o prctcl orgnc chetry [0]. Pror to the experentl eureent, ll the orgnc lqud were tored n drk bottle over 0.4 n oleculr eve to reduce wter content nd were prtlly deged wth vcuu pup under ntrogen tophere. The purte o ll the ple deterned by chrotogrphc nly were better thn 0 Interntonl Journl o Reerch n Phycl Chetry 0, (): 0-9

2 0.996 on olr b. Bnry xture were prepred by xng pproprte volue o the lqud coponent n the peclly degned gl bottle wth r tght Telon coted cp. The requred properte re eured on the e dy edtely ter preprng ech copoton. The uncertnty n ole rcton ± A ult requency dgtl croeter redng ultronc ntereroeter (M-8, Mttl nterpre, New Delh) opertng t,, & 4 MHz w ued to eure the ultronc velocty o the bnry lqud xture (wth n uncertnty o ±0.%) t contnt teperture o 08.5 K by ung dgtl contnt teperture wter bth. The teperture tblty ntned wthn ±0.00 K by crcultng therotted wter round the cell wth crcultng pup. In order to nze the uncertnty o the eureent, everl x re llowed to p nd ther nuber (ty) counted. All x re recorded wth the hghet wng o the needle on the croeter cle. The totl dtnce, d n (c) oved by the relector gven by d, where the wvelength. The requency, o the crytl beng ccurtely known (.0 MHz), the peed o ound, u n - clculted by ung the relton u. xce olr volue, w clculted by peclly degned double Interntonl Journl o Reerch n Phycl Chetry 0, (): 0-9 lbed gl dltoeter tted wth crocpllry (±0.0c) n the centre. The denty o oluton w eured by double r pyknoeter o bulb cpcty 0 l nd cpllry o n nternl deter o bout. The rk o the te w clbrted by double dtlled wter (conductvty le thn 0-6 oh - c - ) wth nd g c - t denty t 98.5K nd 08.5K repectvely nd benzene wth buoyncy corrected. The ccurcy o the denty reult w ±0.000 (g c - ). Beore ech ere o eureent, the ntruent w clbrted wth trple dtlled rehly deged wter. Weght eureent were perored on Mettler Toledo AB 5-S/FACT, ngle pn nlytcl blnce, wth precon o 0.0g. The dente, nd ultronc velocte, u o the pure lqud were n good greeent wth the vlue ound n the lterture nd re preented n Tble. Tble. Copron o experentl dente, o pure lqud wth lterture vlue t 98.5K, ultronc peed, u nd olr volue, 0 t 08.5K. Coponent (g c - ) u ( - ) 0 (c ol - ) xpt. Lt. xpt. Lt. t 08.5K [58] Benzene [56] Toluene [56] CCl [56] DMSO [57] 487# 48# [57] 66.5 # vlue t 98.5K Reult: Where, M, M nd u, The exce olr volue,, o the oluton were clculted ro the dente o the pure lqud nd ther xture ung the ollowng equton []: x M x M x M x M Where () x x the denty o the xture nd x, M, nd x, M, re the ole rcton, olr, nd the denty o pure coponent nd repectvely. The ollowng relton hve been ued to correlte the ound velocty, u, o the bnry lqud xture: Nooto Relton [] R xr xr u () x x x Where x, x,, nd R, R re ole rcton, olr volue, nd olr ound velocty o rt nd econd coponent, repectvely. n Del Relton [] x x. x M x M u M u M u d. x () ound velocte o u u re the olr e nd rt nd econd coponent, repectvely, nd d. x the ultronc velocty o the del xture. Jcobon Free Length Theory (FLT) [4] K ux (4) L ( x.) x Where K the Jcobon contnt whch teperture dependent only nd t vlue 64.5 t.5k. The L ( x.) the nteroleculr ree length o the bnry xture, whch gven by L. Here Y repreent the vlble volue per ole nd Y the urce re per ole nd thee y be expreed T 0 (5) Y 6 N A0 (6) Here N A the Avogdro nuber nd 0 nd T re the olr volue t zero Kelvn nd t teperture T, repectvely. The 0 cn be obtned ro the ollowng relton ung crtcl teperture T C :

3 0 T T Tc 0. The crtcl teperture, T C the ole rcton ddtve o the vlue o t pure coponent nd gven by the relton: C C() C() (7) T x T x T (8) The therodync nteroleculr ree length, L, n the bnry lqud xture hve been clculted ung the relton: L T x x x x 0() 0() The ultronc nteroleculr ree length L, hve lo been coputed ung the Sch relton or vlble volue : u T (0) u Where, u the ultronc velocty t teperture T nd u Sch Collon Fctor Theory (CFT) [5-6] x b xb u u x x (9) x () x Where, b nd re the geoetrc volue nd collon ctor, repectvely. The ctul volue o the olecule per ole o the lqud h been coputed ung the relton 4 b r N () Where, r the oleculr rdu whch h been coputed ung the Sch relton [6] M RT Mu r N 6 Mu RT ' M RT Mu b u RT ' b r 6 N (4) (5) ' Where, b the nder Wl contnt nd equl to our te the ctul volue o the olecule per ole o the ' lqud,.e. b 4b. The therocoutcl ethod [7-9] h lo been eployed to obtn the vlble volue, ung the relton T ' '' ' K T (6) K K ' '' The K, K, nd K re known otherl, obrc nd ochorc coutcl preter, repectvely, nd cn be expreed by the relton * ' '' S T X K K K (7) T '' X K (8) T S * T K (9) T * 4T S (0) The X known the obrc teperture coecent o nternl preure nd cn be expreed T X () ~ C Where repreent the reduced olr volue nd C the Moelwyn-Hughe preter nd cn be expreed Interntonl Journl o Reerch n Phycl Chetry 0, (): 0-9 ~ ~ T () T 4T C () T The therl expnon coecent,, h been clculted ung the equton: (4) T P The entropc copreblty hve been clculted ro Newton-Lplce equton: k (5) () u The exce entropc copreblty w ound out by ung the relton, Where, k k k (6) k d d the entropc copreblty or the del xture, w obtned ccordng to Benon nd Kyohr [40] nd Acree [4]: d T k k, T x C p, xc p, (7) Where, the volue rcton o coponent n the xture, x the correpondng ole rcton, T the bolute teperture, nd k,,, nd C p, re the entropc copreblty, the olr volue, the cubc

4 expnon coecent, nd the olr het cpcty o pure coponent repectvely. The cubc expnon coecent were obtned ro experentl denty eureent perored n our lbortory t derent teperture. The exce entropc copreblty o the bnry xture were tted wth Redlch-Kter polynol equton [4]: n j j (8) j0 k x x A ( x x ) Where, Aj re the djutble preter. Owl [4] extended the Prgogne Flory-Ptteron (PFP) theory to ette the entropc copreblte nd peed o ound o lqud xture. At gven teperture, T, the PFP theory cn be ued to clculte the olr volue, nd the olr het cpcte, C, o lqud xture the ntercton preter,, known. The ter nd T P P o ollowng equton: T cn lo be clculted by en 7 5 T. P 4 T P T. T 4 P T p (9) (0) Where,, P nd T re the chrctertc volue, preure nd teperture o the xture, repectvely nd the correpondng reduced volue. Fro thee quntte the entropc copreblty, k () P S cn be clculted ung the ollowng therodync relton: TCP S T P () P P T nd nlly the entropc copreblty relted to the peed o ound u, by the Newton-Lplce equton, k u () Tble. lue o denty, peed o ound nd dervton n peed, u o ound o bnry lqud xture t 08.5K. Where ρ 0 nd u 0 re the dente nd ultronc peed o pure olvent, ρ nd u re the denty nd ultronc peed o xture repectvely nd K the teperture dependent Jcobon contnt ( t 5 0 C). The devton preter o bnry lqud xture hve been evluted ung the generl equton: Iotherl copreblte, k T, were clculted equolr H vlue [45-46]. Once the ntercton ro therl expnon coecent, experentl preter obtned, the entropc copreblty nd entropc copreblte nd olr het cpcte. the peed o ound cn be etted. Inter oleculr ree length nd reltve octon Phycl properte o pure ubtnce lke denty, h been clculted by the ollowng orul: ultronc peed t 08.5K re hown n Tble. Speed L K K o ound, u, denty, entropc copreblty, k, nd devton n peed o ound o bnry lqud xture o u 0 benzene, toluene nd CCl RA 4 n DMSO over the derent 0 u copoton rnge t teperture o 08.5K re reported Interntonl Journl o Reerch n Phycl Chetry 0, (): 0-9 Y Y X Y X Y x Where, Y ndcte the preter uch entropc copreblty, nter oleculr ree length nd ultr onc peed: X nd X re the ode rcton o coponent Y, nd repectvely. Y, Y, nd Y x re the devton preter, preter o the coponent nd nd oberved preter repectvely. The nuber o contct te per egent o olecule, h been etted ung Bond ethod [44]. Moleculr ntercton preter or ech bnry xture w obtned by ttng the PFP theory to the correpondng experentl

5 n Tble. lue o entropc copreblte,, nteroleculr ree length, L, nd reltve octon, K Tble 4. xce olr volue, lqud xture t 08.5 K. o the bnry Tble. lue o devton n entropc copreblty K, nteroleculr ree length, L nd reltve octon R o ound o bnry lqud xture t 08.5K. A Mole Frcton - K (0 - P - ) - ( x ) (0 - ) R L A The vlue o the coecent o Redlch-Kter polynol equton or ll the bnry lqud xture long wth vlue o the tndrd devton re repreented n Tble 7 t 08.5 K. Flory preter [47, 48] o the pure copound long wth ther phycl properte re gven n Tble 8 t 08.5 K. Tble 9 gve the etted nd experentl equolr, u nd k, vlue long wth the R, o the bnry lqud xture o benzene, toluene nd CCl 4 n DMSO t 08.5 K re hown n Tble. Tble 4 how xce Molr olue o the bnry lqud xture o benzene, toluene nd CCl 4 n DMSO t 08.5 K. Tble 5 how Interoleculr Free Length, L, clculted ro Free Length Theory (FLT), Collon Fctor Theory (CFT), nd Therocoutc Approch (TAP) or benzene, toluene nd CCl 4 () + DMSO () bnry lqud xture t 08.5 K. Tble 6 how vlble volue,, clculted ro Free Length Theory (FLT), Collon Fctor Theory (CFT), nd Therocoutc Approch (TAP) or Benzene, Toluene nd CCl 4 () + DMSO () bnry lqud xture t 08.5K. ntercton preter,, or benzene, toluene nd CCl 4 n DMSO bnry lqud xture t 08.5 K. tted vlue or peed o ound nd entropc copreblty re lot dentcl to experentl reult or bnry lqud xture. Tble 0 gve theoretcl vlue o ultronc peed clculted ro FLT, CFT, Nooto nd n Del nd ngeel del xng relton nd percentge error n clculted vlue or DMSO + Benzene, Toluene nd CCl 4 t 08.5 K. Dcuon: All the yte o DMSO wth Benzene, Toluene nd CCl 4 how negtve devton through K other over entre rnge o ole rcton (Fgure ). A cler n t the ole rcton round x = , ndcte tht the xu ntercton re t tht th ole rcton rnge. 4 Interntonl Journl o Reerch n Phycl Chetry 0, (): 0-9

6 Tble 5. Interoleculr Free Length (- L ), clculted ro Free Length (FLT), Collon Fctor Theory (CFT), nd Therocoutc Approch (TAP) or bnry xture t 08.5K. Tble 6. Avlble olue,, clculted ro Free Length Theory (FLT), Collon Fctor Theory (CFT), nd Therocoutc Approch (TAP) or bnry xture t 08.5K. Tble 7. lue o Preter A o the Redlch-Kter j or equton nd correpondng tndrd devton, k the bnry yte t 08.5K. Fgure. Devton n entropc copreblty (- K ) wth the ole rcton o DMSO n the bnry lqud xture o Benzene n DMSO. Fro Tble &, t oberved tht u vlue re potve whle, 5 Interntonl Journl o Reerch n Phycl Chetry 0, (): 0-9 K vlue re negtve, uch trend o potve devton n peed o ound nd negtve devton n entropc copreblty qute coon [49-5]. In pure DMSO, there dpole dpole well the uul dperve ntercton. The eect o ddng non polr (benzene nd CCl 4 ) nd polr (toluene) econd coponent prrly to drupt the dpolr ntercton o the rt coponent, but when the econd coponent lo polr,

7 Tble 8. Phycl properte reduced olr volue, crtcl preure P nd Flory preter otherl copreblty, k collon ctor, o the pure T copound t 08.5K. Tble 9. Intercton Preter,, clculted nd experentl equolr peed o ound, nd entropc copreblte, k, o the bnry yte t 08.5K. the dpole-dpole ntercton between unlke olecule ot lkely whch reult n contrcton o volue nd the xture becoe the le copreble [5-54]. The behvor o bnry lqud xture cn be explned n ter o ) phycl orce -dperon ) checl orce dpole-dpole ntercton. The orer ctor ncree the nteroleculr ree length decrbed by Jcobon [54]. Th turn, cue negtve devton n ound peed nd potve devton n copreblty. On the other hnd, the ltter ctor decree the nteroleculr pth length ledng to potve devton n ound peed nd negtve devton n copreblty nd exce olr volue,. The ctul vlue depend upon the reltve trength o two oppong eect. The oberved negtve vlue o K nd exce olr volue (Tble 4) nd potve vlue o u or thee bnry xture ply tht the pecc ntercton donte over the dperve ntercton between unlke olecule. Fro Tble 5, the negtve vlue o devton n the oleculr ree length preter ubtntve the bove rguent undoubtedly nd undenbly unvel the ct the pecc ntercton re beng opertve between the olecule o olvent nd coolvent n the nvetgted bnry xture. Snce, pckng eect nd H n nterctonl eect between the A nd B conttuent o n (A+B) xture nd dt o ll the three bnry xture re negtve throughout the copoton rnge o DMSO, th ugget tht copred to the dperon orce, negtve vlue o n generl, lwy cue ore copct pckng o the olecule due to tronger checl ntercton between the two unlke orgnc olecule. Ther repectve contrbuton to the eured dt uncton o the ole rcton o DMSO. The concluon urther orted by the ncreng vlue o reltve octon, R ncluded n Tble. All the A trend o the bove preter ndcte tht the xture re le copreble thn ther correpondng del xture. Generlly, the devton preter condered to be the relectng gent o the gntude o polrty t the te o ntercton n the olecule [55]. The nteroleculr ree length, L, cn be relted to the pce llng blty ung tht the olecule re ncopreble hrd phere hvng unor rdu. The nteroleculr ree length, L, obtned ung ree length theory (FLT) whch decree wth the ncree n ole rcton o DMSO (Tble 5). However, the L vlue obtned ro Sch collon ctor theory (CFT) ncree wth the ncree n the ole rcton o DMSO. The chnge n the lope o the other o L uncton o ole rcton n the hgher ole rcton regon predcted by FLT nd CFT how tht the entropy eect relted to the tructurl rerrngeent o olvent olecule due to drupton o dpole-dpole ntercton between lke polr olecule. However, the therocoutc pproch (TAP) predct tht the L vlue n thee bnry lqud xture decree wth ncree n the ole rcton o DMSO. The L vlue or thee bnry lqud xture obtned ro the ultronc ethod re hgher thn thoe obtned ro the ree length theory nd the therocoutcl pproch. Fgure. Devton n entropc copreblty K wth the ole rcton o DMSO n the bnry lqud xture o Toluene n DMSO. Fgure. Devton n entropc copreblty K wth the ole rcton o DMSO n the bnry lqud xture o CCl 4 nd DMSO. 6 Interntonl Journl o Reerch n Phycl Chetry 0, (): 0-9

8 Tble 0. Theoretcl vlue o ultronc peed clculted ro FLT, CFT Nooto (NOM) nd n Del nd ngeel del xng relton (D) nd percentge error n clculted vlue or Benzene, Toluene nd CCl 4 () DMSO () t 08.5K. u x ( ) % error FLT CFT NOM D FLT CFT NOM D Benzene +DMSO Toluene + DMSO CCl 4 + DMSO The vlble volue,, obtned ung Free Length Theory (FLT) or the (DMSO + Benzene, Toluene nd CCl 4 ) decree wth the ncree n ole rcton o DMSO (Tble 6). However, the vlue obtned ro Sch Collon Fctor Theory (CFT) ncree wth the ncree n the ole rcton o DMSO. The chnge n the lope o the other o vlble volue uncton o ole rcton n the hgher ole rcton regon predcted by FLT nd CFT how tht the entropy eect relted to the tructurl rerrngeent o olvent olecule due to tronger dpole-dpole ntercton between unlke olecule. However, the therocoutc pproch (TAP) predct tht the vlue n thee bnry xture decree wth ncree n the ole rcton o DMSO. The tudy o tndrd devton, k, preented n Tble 7, revel tht the reult o ultronc velocty or ll the three nvetgted bnry yte cn be tctorly explned by n Del Idel Mxture relton (nu < 0.). However, the predcton o thee reult better or the DMSO wth benzene yte by the CFT orulton. Stronger dpolr ntercton between unlke olecule lo juted by the vlue o ntercton preter (Tble 9). lue o ntercton preter re low or Benzene n DMSO whch ugget dpole-nduced dpole ntercton between the DMSO nd Benzene. Theoretcl vlue o ultronc peed clculted or FLT theory how lrge percentge error n DMSO wth benzene bnry lqud xture t 08.5K (Tble 0). Theoretcl vlue o ultronc peed clculted or Nooto nd n Del nd ngeel del xng relton re lot dentcl. Thee relton how nu percentge error n theoretcl ultronc peed. Concluon : Denty ( ), ultronc velocty ( u ) nd exce olr volue ( 7 Interntonl Journl o Reerch n Phycl Chetry 0, (): 0-9 ) o bnry xture o benzene, toluene nd crbon tetrchlorde n DMSO hve been eured over

9 the entre rnge o copoton nd t 08.5 K. Fro thee experentl reult, preter uch devton n entropc copreblty K, ntercton preter, Flory preter, Coecent A, tndrd devton ( Y ) nd olr ound velocty R hve been etted. The exce uncton hve been tted to the Redlch-Kter polynol equton. The experentl ultronc velocte hve been nlyzed n ter o Nooto relton, n Del del xture relton, Jcobon ree length theory nd Sch collon ctor theory. Interoleculr ree length, L, nd vlble volue,, hve been clculted ro Jcobon ree length theory, Sch collon ctor theory, nd therocoutc pproch or bnry yte t 08.5K. The oberved negtve vlue o K nd exce olr volue nd potve vlue o u or thee xture ply tht the pecc checl ntercton donte over the phycl dperve ntercton between unlke orgnc olecule. Reerence:. Anbhv, T. M., Bnerjee, K.: Denty, vcoty, rerctve ndex, nd peed o ound n bnry xture o DMSO wth ethyl cette, ethyl cette, N-propyl cette, N-butyl cette, nd -ethylbutyl--cette n the teperture ntervl ( ) K. J. Che. ng. Dt 4, (998). Hjun, W., Goukong, Z., Mngzh, C.: por-lqud qulbr o -Propnol -Propnol wth,,4- Trethylpentne t 0. kp. J. Che. ng. Dt 6, (994). Sndhu, J. S., Sngh, A.: xce olr volue o (DMSO+n n-lkn--ol) t the teperture 98.5 K. J. Che. Therodyn. 4, 8-84 (99) 4. Ln, W., Ty, S. J.: Nucler gnetc reonnce tude on the nteroleculr octon n oe bnry xture. J. Phy. Che. 74, (970) 5. Schneder, W. G., d. Hdr, D.: Hydrogen Bondng. Pergon Pre, London, 55 (959) 6. Grunwld,., Coburn, W. C.: Group contrbuton to the therodync properte o non-onc orgnc olute n dlute queou oluton. J. A. Che. Soc. 80, -5 (958) 7. Coggehll, N. D., Ser,. L.: Study o oleculr ntercton n ternry xture through ultronc peed eureent. J. A. Che. Soc. 7, (95) 8. Pentel, G. C., Mclelln, A. L.: The Hydrogen Bond, Freen nd Co, Sn Frncco 67 (960) 9. Prd, N., Prkh, S.: Solute-wter ntercton nd the olublty behvor o long-chn prn hydrocrbon. Acutc 6, -9 (976) 0. Gopl, K., Ro, N. P.: Therodync properte o queou orgnc olute relton to ther tructure. Acoutc Letter 4, 64 (98). Frnk, F., Quckenden, M. A. J., Red, D. S., Wton, B.: A derentl cloreter or the eureet o het o oluton t hgh dluton. Trn Frdy Soc. 66, 58 (970). Kulgud, M.., Ro, K. S. M.: Ultronc velocty nd vcoty o bnry lqud xture. J. Che. Soc. Frdy Trn I 75, 7-5 (979). Srvtv, T. N., Sngh, R. P., Swroop, B.: Theoretcl evluton o ultronc velocty n bnry lqud xture. Ind. J. Pure Appl. Phy., 67-7 (98) 4. Sette, D.: oluetrc properte o queou oluton o orgnc copound. III. Alphtc econdry lcohol, cyclc lcohol, prry, econdry, nd ne. Rcerc Sc. 5, (955) 5. Dvnbkht, A., Long, J., Zn, R.: Interoleculr ntercton tude o bnry xture o norgnc nd orgnoetllc coplexe. J. Phy. Che. 8, 60 (977) 6. Shr, C., Gupt, S. P.: Ultronc tude o oleculr ntercton o bnry xture o non nterctng orgnc olvent. Acoutc Letter, 66 (986) 7. Mehrotr, K. N., Updhy, S. K.: Acoutcl tude o clcu op. Acoutc Letter, 66 (987) 8. Mehrotr, K. N., Ghlut, A. S., Shr, M. J.: Ultronc tude o oleculr ntercton n the oluton o lnthnu op. Collod Interce Sc. 0, 0 (987) 9. Srvtv,. N. P.: Therodync properte o Ne+n-H xture deduced ro ultronc velocty dt. Acoutc Letter, 7-76 (988) 0. Mehrotr, K. N., Ghlut, A. S.: Stude on the cellr behvour o preodyu op. Collod nd Surce 5, 80 (989). Kur, A.: Acoutc tude o bnry xture o rotc ketone n benzene. Collod nd Surce 4, -9 (989). Scheruly, R., Scheehl, T., Gunther, A., Grnger, F., Seeger, W., Wlrth, D.: Oxdtve Stre n Chronc Obtructve Pulonry Dee. A. J. Repr. Crt. Cre. Med. 56 () 445 (997). Wnger, M. H., Wetho, Fredrch, S. W., Mollenhuer, I., Obden, M., Boenck, U.: Bo. Phy. Che. 84 () 5 (000) 4. Hckey, S., Lwrence, M. J., Hgn, S. A., Buckn,.: Anly o the phe dgr nd crotructurl trnton n phopholpd croeulon yte ung hgh-reoluton ultronc pectrocopy. Lngur () 5575 (006) 5. Becu, L., Mnnevlle, S., Coln, A.: Study o trglycerde- proten ntercton ung croeulon- ltrton ethod. Phy. Rev. Lett. 76 () 8 (006) 6. Meht, Kwljet, S. K.: Interoleculr ntercton tudy o croeulon nd eulon n DDAB/W/ol yte. Phy. Rev.. Stt. Nonln. Sot Mtter Phy. 65 (00) 7. Brllev, M., Greex, F.: ulon Polyerzton Synthe o Ctonc Polyer Ltex n n Ultronc Feld. J. Collod Interce Sc. 5 () 78 (00) 8. Alendr, D., Aprno Cllo L Me, Pert, L, : Ultronc Nebulzton or cent Delvery o Surctnt n Model o Acute Lung Injury. Ipct 8 Interntonl Journl o Reerch n Phycl Chetry 0, (): 0-9

10 on G xchnge. A. J. Repr. Crt. Cre Med. 56, 445 (997) 9. Wever, L. K., Gyng, F. P. J., Le, A. Y., Rthn, Je, F. : Benzene nvronent Reerch 77 () (005) 0. Furn, B. S., Hnnord, A. J., Sth, P. W. G., Ttchell, A. R.: Textbook o Prctcl Orgnc Chetry. 98 (004). Bht, S. C., Bht, R., Dubey, G. P.: Stude on trnport nd therodync properte o bnry xture o octn--ol wth chloroor,,- dchloroethne nd,,,-tetrchloroethne t 98.5 nd 08.5 K. J. Mol. Lqud, 44() 6-7 (009). Nooto, O.: prcl orul or ound velocty n lqud xture. J. Phy. Soc. Jpn., 58 (958). n Del, W.: Therodync Properte nd eloctyo Sound,Butterworth, London,(975),Chp Jcobon, B.: Theoretcl tudy o ultronc velocty n bnry lqud xture t 0 0 C. Act Che. Scnd. A (95) 5. Sch, W.: Study o oleculr ntercton n ternry xture through ultronc peed eureent. Acoutc, 7-76 (975) 6. Sch, W.: Molekulrkutc. Sprnger erlg, Berln (96) Chp Nutch-Kuhnke R.: Stude on thero-coutc preter n bnry lqud xture o phophnc cd wth derent dluent t 0.5 K. Acoutc 5, 8-86 (965) 8. Pndey, J. D., Dev, R., Chhbr, J.: Therocoutcl pproch to the nteroleculr ree-length o lqud xture. Phy. Che. Coun. 6, 55 (00) 9. Pndey, J. D., Dubey, G. P., Shukl, B. P., Dubey, S. N.: Predcton o ultronc velocty nd nteroleculr ree-length nd ther correlton wth ntercton n bnry lqud xture. Prn J. Phy. 7 (6) 4-49 (99) 40. Benon, G. C., Kyohr, O. K.: vluton o exce entropccopreblte nd ochorc het cpcte. J. Che. Therodyn., 06 (979) 4. Acree, W..: Denty, Speed o Sound, nd Ientropc Copreblty o Trethnolne (or N- Methyldethnolne) + Wter + thnol Soluton ro t = (5 to 50) C. J. Che. ng. Dt 8, 5-6 (98) 4. Redlch, O., Kter, A. T.,: Repreentton o Therodync Properte nd the Clcton o Soluton. Indut. ng. Che. 40, (948). 4. Owl, S. L., Phlk, R. P.: Speed o ound nd entropc copreblte o nonelectrolyte lqud xture. I. Bnry xture contnng p-doxne. J. Sol. Che., 4-58 (99) 44. Bond, A.: Phycl Properte o Molecule, Lqud nd Ge, Wley, New York (968) 45. Morco, K. W.: xce enthlpy;,-doxne + cyclohexne nd,4- doxne + cyclohexne. Int. Dt Ser., Sec. A 56, (97) 46. Inglee, A., Kehn, H..: Molr exce volue nd exce het cpcte o (,,4-trchlorobenzene + n lkne). Int. Dt Ser. Sec. A (98) 47. Flory, P. J., Orwoll, R. A., rj, A., J.: Stttcl Therodync o Chn Molecule Lqud. I. An quton o Stte or Norl Prn Hydrocrbon. A. Che. Soc. 86, ( Abe, A., Flory, P. J.: The therodync properte o xture o ll, nonpolr olecule. J. A. Che. Soc. 87, (965) 49. Anbhv, T. M., Goplkrhn, B. J.: Denty, vcoty o bnry xture o N,Ndethylorde, dethyluloxde, N,Ndethylcetde, cetontrle, ethylene glycol, dethylene glycol,,4-doxne, tetrhydrourn, - ethoxyethnol, nd -ethoxyethnol t 98.5 K. Che. ng. Dt, 40, (995) 50. Anbhv, T. M., Bnerjee, K.: Denty, coty, Rerctve Index, nd Speed o Sound n Bnry Mxture o Dethyl Crbonte wth Methnol, Chloroor, Crbon Tetrchlorde, Cyclohexne, nd Dchloroethne n the Teperture Intervl ( ) K. J. Che.ng. Dt 4, (998) 5. Owl, S. L., Prjpt, K. D.: Speed o Sound, Ientropc Copreblte, nd xce Molr olue o n Alknol + Cyclolkne t 0.5 K.. Reult or Alkn--ol + Cyclohexne. J. Che. ng. Dt 4, 67-7 (998) 5. Ohouru, K. K., Murk, S, J.: Speed o ound, exce olr volue, nd entropc copreblte o xch COC H 5 + ( x)c 6 H 6, xch COC H 5 + ( x)c 6 H 5 CH, xch COC H 5 + ( x) C 6 H 5 Cl, nd xc H 5 COC H 5 + ( x)c 6 H 6 t 98.5 K. Che. Therodync 9, 7-76 (987) 5. enkteu, P., Ro, M.. P.: xce volue o ternry xture o N,N-dethylorde + ethyl obutyl ketone + -lknol t 0.5 K. Flud Phe qulbr 98, 7-78 (994) 54. Jcobon, B.: Interoleculr ree length n the lqud tte; Adbtc nd otherl copreblte. Act Ch Scnd 6, (95) 55. Internet, per dt provded n dvnced chetry developent Inc, Adelde Street, Wet Toronto-Ontro, Cnd 55. Len, P. J., enkteu, P., Ln, H. M., Lee, M. J.: xce olr enthlpe o - octnol wth ethylbenzene ethyl benzote benzene nole or ethnol t 98.5 K. J. Che. ngg. Dt 47, 768 (00) 56. Arlgupp, M. I., Jdr, C.., Anbhv, T. M.: Denty, coty, Rerctve Index, nd Speed o Sound n Bnry Mxture o DMSO wth Methnol, thnol, Propn--ol, Butn--ol, Pentn--ol, Hexn- -ol, Heptn--ol, nd Butn--ol. J. Che. ngg. Dt 44, 6- (999) 57. Agrwl, P. B., Nrwde, M. L.: Ultronc nd vcoetrc tude o ubttuted lvone, oxzole nd pyrzole n 70 % cetone-wter xture. Ind J. Che. Sec A (00). Source o upport: Nl; Conlct o nteret: None declred 9 Interntonl Journl o Reerch n Phycl Chetry 0, (): 0-9