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NATAL HISTORY AND POLICY British Traders etc. l$2k - 1539. 1^2^ Lieutenant Farewell, Henry Fynn and Lieutenant King obtain leave from Lord Charles Somerset to trade in Natal.

6 NATAL HISTORY AND POLICY British Traders etc. l$2k ^2^ Lieutenant Farewell, Henry Fynn and Lieutenant King obtain leave from Lord Charles Somerset to trade in Natal. Received by Chaka and granted (by purchase) land 100 miles x 30 miles. Treaty system. Europeans drift in a) Trekkers b; Traders c) Missionaries (American Board 183^) Europeans give shelter to Zulu refugees (constant Zulu disturbances) 1S3V 5 Appeal to the English Government by Cape Merchants Because 1) Successful trading commenced therefore need for protection 2) Need to protect Natives from Zulu power. 3) Need for a buffer state between Zulu and Xosa to protect latter and to prevent their being pushed across the Colonial boundary. *0 The need for the civilising influence of a civilised government. Dingaan cedes Southern Natal to the Crown British Government refused to annex but appointed Captain Gardiner as a magistrate with limited powers. Trekking Boers still regarded as British subjects but colonisation beyond the Cape frontiers discouraged. Hopes for control of trek since prevention impossible. l$3g Dingaan (he had murdered Chaka) feared Trekkers who coming in from the North had obtained-control of Natal. British had fled to ships. Dec. British Troops arrive to find Natal in Boer occupation Dec.16th. Pretorius arrives in Natal and breaks Zulu power at Blood River Foundation of Boer Republic with a Volksraad at Pietermaritzburg - adult male suffrage - withdrawal of British troops 1540 Boer Republic treaty with Mpande granting Republic all land from the Black Umfolosi to the Umzimvubu and from the Drakensberg to the sea - an area depopulated by Zulu raids. Federation of the three Republics, Winburg Potchefstroom and Natal Influx of Native Refugees to Natal Republic - mainly to squat on farms. Question of policy: two factors a) Labour required for the farms b) Protection against overwhelming numbers. Decision of Volksraad for segregation of surplus on South Coast. But this area (though scarcely populated) claimed by Faku,chief of the Pondos,who feared such a settlement on his borders. Cape Governor feared trouble through pressure on Cape frontiers. Natal Boer raids on Chief 'Ncapai of the Amabacas (150 killed, 3000 cattle captured) caused Faku to apoeal to the ( Governor at the Cape for protection British troops re-enter Natal. Besieged in Port Natal but relieved by Colonel Cloete Natal annexed by British Government.

Reasons for British annexation a) Boer-Native policy of segregation b) Commercial Interests (pressure of Cape Merchants) c) Failure of the Republic Because of 1) Internal Dissension 2) Lack of

7 Reasons for British annexation a) Boer-Native policy of segregation b) Commercial Interests (pressure of Cape Merchants) c) Failure of the Republic Because of 1) Internal Dissension 2) Lack of adequate force Trekker policy for Natives 1. Subservience of Tribes - chiefs as vassals 2. Limitation and distribution of Labour. 3. Passes to check thefts and vagrancy. 4. Native apprentices. 5. No firearms. 0. Segregation of surplus Natives. The Volksraad agreed to the annexation and continued to function for a time. Sir H. Cloete was appointed Commissioner with definite instructions as to policy. 1. Proclamation 13^3. "There shall not be in the eye of the law any distinction or disqualification whatever founded upon mere distinction of colour, origin, language or creed, but the protection of the law in letter and in substance shall be extended impartially to all alik e." II."N o aggression shall be sanctioned upon the Natives residing beyond the limits of the Colony, under any plea whatever." III.N o slavery. Refugees continue to pour in. Trekkers begin to leave for Potchefstroom. Volksraad again proposes segregation with the reservation "every householder may retain not more than five Kaffir family units." Cloete opposed segregation Because (a) Difficulties of oeacefully removing ^0, Natives too great. " (b) Vast areas necessary for natural increase of Native (c) Encroachment on Faku s territory. population. ( d) Segregated areas would cause lawlessness and retard civilising influences. Cloete proposed 1Locations" a) Steady supply of labour b) Principle of "divide and rule" c) Crown lands more available for colonists. This policy adopted and a Land Commission delimited 2, acres for locations Shepstone a member of this Commission 13^5 Natal declared a district of the Cape from Umzimkulu to Tugela with a Lieutenant Governor. 1 ^ 7 Sir Harry Smith "to control the Trek" annexed territory between Orange and Vaal (too late - trekkers really preferred independence) Struggle between Cloete and Shepstone on the Question of the Law to he applied to Natives.

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9 Collection Number: AD1715 SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS (SAIRR), PUBLISHER: Collection Funder:- Atlantic Philanthropies Foundation Publisher:- Historical Papers Research Archive Location:- Johannesburg 2013 LEGAL NOTICES: Copyright Notice: All materials on the Historical Papers website are protected by South African copyright law and may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, displayed, or otherwise published in any format, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Disclaimer and Terms of Use: Provided that you maintain all copyright and other notices contained therein, you may download material (one machine readable copy and one print copy per page) for your personal and/or educational non-commercial use only. People using these records relating to the archives of Historical Papers, The Library, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, are reminded that such records sometimes contain material which is uncorroborated, inaccurate, distorted or untrue. While these digital records are true facsimiles of paper documents and the information contained herein is obtained from sources believed to be accurate and reliable, Historical Papers, University of the Witwatersrand has not independently verified their content. Consequently, the University is not responsible for any errors or omissions and excludes any and all liability for any errors in or omissions from the information on the website or any related information on third party websites accessible from this website. This document forms part of the archive of the South African Institute of Race Relations (SAIRR), held at the Historical Papers Research Archive at The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

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