Landolt-Börnstein / New Series

Transcription

1 / New Series

2 Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology New Series Editor in Chief: W. Martienssen Units and Fundamental Constants in Physics and Chemistry Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms (Group I) (Formerly: Nuclear and Particle Physics) Molecules and Radicals (Group II) (Formerly: Atomic and Molecular Physics) Condensed Matter (Group III) (Formerly: Solid State Physics) Physical Chemistry (Group IV) (Formerly: Macroscopic Properties of Matter) Geophysics (Group V) Astronomy and Astrophysics (Group VI) Biophysics (Group VII) Advanced Materials and Technologies (Group VIII) Some of the group names have been changed to provide a better description of their contents.

3 Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology New Series / Editor in Chief: W. Martienssen Group III: Condensed Matter Volume 27 Magnetic Properties of Non-Metallic Inorganic Compounds Based on Transition Elements Subvolume I 6 Tectosilicates Part α Editor: H.P.J. Wijn Author: E. Burzo

4 ISSN (Condensed Matter) ISBN Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaften und Technik, Neue Serie Editor in Chief: W. Martienssen Vol. III/27I6α: Editor: H.P.J. Wijn At head of title:. Added t.p.: Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology. Tables chiefly in English. Intended to supersede the Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen by H. Landolt and R. Börnstein of which the 6th ed. began publication in 1950 under title: Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysik und Technik. Vols. published after v. 1 of group I have imprint: Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag Includes bibliographies. 1. Physics--Tables. 2. Chemistry--Tables. 3. Engineering--Tables. I. Börnstein, R. (Richard), II. Landolt, H. (Hans), III. Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen. IV. Title: Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology. QC ' This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution act under German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product Liability: The data and other information in this handbook have been carefully extracted and evaluated by experts from the original literature. Furthermore, they have been checked for correctness by authors and the editorial staff before printing. Nevertheless, the publisher can give no guarantee for the correctness of the data and information provided. In any individual case of application, the respective user must check the correctness by consulting other relevant sources of information. Cover layout: Erich Kirchner, Heidelberg Typesetting: Author, Monika Pikart-Müller, Darmstadt, and Boller Mediendesign (Marion Boller), Dielheim SPIN: / Printed on acid-free paper

5 Dedicated to H.P.J. Wijn (* 1922, 2009)

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7 Editor H.P.J. Wijn, deceased, formerly: Institut für Werkstoffkunde der Elektrotechnik der Rheinisch- Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, Templergraben, Aachen, FRG Author E. Burzo, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, 3400 Cluj-Napoca, Romania Editorial Office Tiergartenstraße Heidelberg, Germany Internet

8 Preface The Volume III/27 deals with the magnetic properties of non-metallic inorganic compounds based on transition elements, such as there are pnictides, chalcogenides, oxides, halides, borates, and finally phosphates and silicates, the latter presented in this subvolume I. A preliminary survey of the contents of all subvolumes that have already appeared or have been planned to appear is printed at the end of this volume. The silicates are very complex systems, intensively studied in literature. They cover large classes of minerals as well as synthetic samples. In analyzing their magnetic and magnetically related properties we essentially followed the classification given by the Mineral Reference Manual (E.H. Nickel, N.C. Nickols, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991). Individual chapters are dedicated to orthosilicates, sorosilicates, cyclosilicates, inosilicate, phyllosilicates, and tectosilicates. Due to the huge amount of data these chapters had to be spread over several subvolumes I1, I2, etc. - In each chapter the different groups of minerals and synthetic silicates were distinctly analyzed in various sections. For each group, additional silicate minerals, more recently reported, as well as synthetic samples having related compositions and/or crystal structures were also considered. The silicates included in each section were firstly tabulated, mentioning their compositions. The solid solutions between the end member compounds were also described. The space groups and lattice parameters for most silicates were tabulated. Crystal structures of representative silicates were discussed in more detail and the atomic positions were given. In addition to magnetic properties, the results of neutron diffraction studies, nuclear gamma resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance, transport properties, dielectric and optical data were reviewed. Short comments of the properties given by various authors were made, when the data reported by various authors were different. Then, representative results were given in tables and figures. For many systems, only crystal structures are known. Thus, further opportunities appear for analyses of their physical properties. The present subvolume I6 deals with tectosilicates and was split in two parts, α and β. Many thanks are due to the authors for the agreeable cooperation, the editorial office, especially A. Endemann, for the great help with the editorial work, and to Springer-Verlag for their thoughtful help in the final preparation of this volume. Aachen, November 2008 The Editor

9 Table of contents Magnetic properties of non-metallic inorganic compounds based on transition elements Subvolume I 6α: Tectosilicates Part 1 List of frequently used symbols and abbreviations.... Symbols... Abbreviations XVIII Definitions, units, and conversion factors.... XII XII XV 8 Magnetic and related properties of silicates and phosphates 8.1 Silicates (E. BURZO) Orthosilicates... see subvolume III/27I Sorosilicates.... see subvolume III/27I Cyclosilicates... see subvolume III/27I Inosilicates... see subvolume III/27I Phyllosilicates... see subvolume III/27I Tectosilicates Kalsilite, nepheline, carnegieite, and related silicates Crystal structures and lattice parameters Neutron diffraction data Nuclear gamma resonance (NGR) data Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data Heat capacity Electrical conductivity data Optical properties Tables and Figures References for Lisetite, banalsite, stronalsite Crystal structure and lattice parameters Refractive indices Tables and Figures References for

10 X Table of contents Feldspars Introduction Crystal structures and lattice parameters Magnetic properties Cyclotron resonance Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data Specific heat Electrical properties Dielectric properties Refractive indices Infrared and Raman spectroscopy Luminescence properties Tables and Figures References for Sodalite, cancrinite, and leifite groups of silicates General Sodalite group of silicates Crystal structures Magnetic properties Nuclear gamma resonance (NGR) data Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data Electrical conductivity Dielectric properties Specific heat Infrared and Raman spectra Optical properties Cancrinite group of silicates Crystal structures Magnetic properties Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data Electrical resistivity data Calorimetric data Dielectric and piezoelectric properties Optical properties Cancrinites with more complex layer sequences Crystal structures Infrared spectra Leifite group Tables and Figures References for Scapolites General Crystal structure and lattice parameters Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data Thermal properties Dielectric properties Infrared spectra and refractive indices Luminescence properties

11 Table of contents XI Tables and Figures References for Survey of Volume III/

12 XII List of symbols and abbreviations List of frequently used symbols and abbreviations Symbols Symbol Unit Property a, b, c Å lattice parameters a*, b*, c* Å 1 lattice parameters in reciprocal space A % relative area of NGR spectrum B T magnetic induction B eff effective magnetic field magnetic hyperfine field B hf B S spin-flip field B cm 1 Racah parameter B, B eq, B iso Å 2 isotropic temperature parameter c ij Pa, bar, N m 2 elastic stiffnesses C emu K g 1 = Curie constant per unit mass cm 3 K g 1 ; emu K mol 1 = Curie constant per mole cm 3 K mol 1 C J g 1 K 1, J mol 1 K 1 heat capacity C p heat capacity at constant pressure d Å distance, diameter, interlayer spacing D cm 1 Hamiltonian parameter D cm 2 s 1 diffusion coefficient DH mm s 1, ppm linewidth of NGR or NMR line Dq cm 1 crystal field splitting parameter e C electron charge e ij C/m 2 piezoelectric constant e 2 qq/h Hz nuclear quadrupole coupling constant E V cm 1 electric field strength E ev energy E a E r activation energy relative energy f Hz frequency f O2, f H2 atm, bar oxygen, hydrogen fugacity g spectroscopic splitting factor G de Gennes factor h Planck constant H Hamiltonian H J mol 1, cal mol 1 enthalpy H Oe, A m 1 magnetic field (strength), mostly given as μ 0 H in tesla (T) H A anisotropy field H c critical field, coercive field H exch exchange field H hf magnetic hyperfine field H f spin flop transition field I various units intensity I nuclear spin quantum number J total orbital angular momentum quantum number

13 List of symbols and abbreviations XIII Symbol Unit Property J, J exch ev exchange interaction energy (J/k B in K) J 1,2 nearest (J 1 ) and next nearest (J 2 ) neighbor exchange interaction energies k Å 1 wave vector k B J K 1 Boltzmann constant K erg cm 3 anisotropy constant K Pa bulk modulus (K': first pressure derivative of bulk modulus) K d equilibrium distribution coefficient L orbital angular momentum quantum number M G magnetization N coordination number n refractive index p Pa, bar, atm hydrostatic pressure p μ B magnetic moment p eff effective (paramagnetic) moment p M magnetic moment per ion M P(B hf ), P(H hf ) hyperfine distribution (probability) q Å 1 wave vector Q mm s 1 quadrupole splitting r, R Å (ionic) radius, distance R J K 1 mol 1 gas constant R reflectivity S J K 1 mol 1 entropy S spin quantum number t μm thickness t s, min, h time (annealing time, ) T K, C temperature T 0, T c, T ord magnetic transition temperature, onset of magnetic ordering T B superparamagnetic blocking temperature T C Curie temperature T f freezing temperature T g glass transition temperature T h temperature of thermal treatment (heating temperature) T N Néel temperature T t structure transition temperature T 1 s spin lattice relaxation time T 2 s spin spin relaxation time u number of magnetic ions per unit cell υ mm s 1 velocity (of absorber in Mössbauer effect) V, v Å 3 (unit cell) volume 2V deg angle between optical axes V zz V cm 2 main component of the electric field gradient tensor x, y, z fractional coordinates of atoms in the unit cell X, Y, Z principal directions z number of nearest neighbors z [Å] basal oxygen corrugation α ditrigonal distortion angle α tetrahedral rotation angle α K 1 linear thermal expansion coefficient α, β, γ deg (unit cell) angles

14 XIV List of symbols and abbreviations Symbol Unit Property β bar 1, Pa 1 linear compressibility β ij Å 2 anisotropic temperature parameter ev, cm 1 crystal field splitting energy δ ppm, mm s 1 chemical shift, isomer shift ε = ε! iε 2 dielectric constant ε!, ε 2 real, imaginary part of dielectric constant η asymmetry parameter θ deg angle (scattering angle, ) Θ, Θ p K paramagnetic Curie temperature Θ D K Debye temperature λ nm, μm wavelength μ B J T 1 Bohr magneton ν Hz frequency, also used for wave number hν ev, Ry photon energy ν cm 1 wave number ν cm 1 Raman shift π bar swelling pressure ρ Ω m resistivity σ Ω 1 cm 1, Ω 1 m 1 electrical conductivity σ J T 1 kg 1, emu g 1 = magnetic moment per unit mass = specific magnetization G cm 3 g 1, A m 2 kg 1 σ s saturation magnetization σ r, σ rem remanent magnetization σ TRM thermoremanent magnetization σ m emu mol 1 = magnetic moment per mole = molar magnetization G cm 3 mol 1, μ B mol 1 τ tetrahedral flattening (or thickness) angle φ, φ deg angle (for special definition see text, tables or figures) χ emu, J T 2 kg 1 magnetic susceptibility χ g emu g 1 = cm 3 g 1, magnetic susceptibility per gram m 3 kg 1 χ m emu mol 1 = cm 3 mol 1, magnetic susceptibility per mole m 3 mol 1 χ', χ'' real, imaginary part of ac magnetic susceptibility χ 0 temperature independent magnetic susceptibility χ latt lattice related magnetic susceptibility ψ (octahedral) flattening angle ω s 1 angular frequency

15 List of symbols and abbreviations XV Abbreviations ac alternating current apfu atom per formula unit av average AEM analytical electron microscopy AF antiferromagnetic AFM atomic force microscope Ann annite BL building layer c, cr critical (subscript) calc calculated C-C chlorite-corrensite CD charge density CEC cation exchange capacity CFSE crystal field stabilization energy CP cross polarization (spectrum) CP/MAS NMR cross polarization magic angle spinning NMR; also (CP) MAS NMR is used CRAMPS combined rotation and multiple pulse spectroscopy C-S chlorite-smectite CSD coherent scattering domain dc direct current dhx dehydroxylated dia diamagnetic 1D, 2D, 3D one-, two-, three-dimensional DFT density functional theory DI distortion index eff effective (subscript) emu electromagnetic unit exch exchange (subscript) exp experimental East eastonite ECP exchange coupled pair (bands) EEM electronegativity equalization method EFG electric field gradient EPR electron paramagnetic resonance ESR electron spin resonance EXAFS extended X-ray absorption fine structure FC field cooled FES frayed edge site FGA factor group analysis FIR far infrared FT(IR) Fourier transform (infrared spectroscopy) FU, f.u. formula unit FW field warming H hexagonal (subscript) HC high charge HC-IU high-charge interlayer unit HDC homogeneous dispersion of charge HECTOR heteronuclear chemical shift correlation HRTEM high-resolution transmission electron microscopy HT high temperature iso isotropic (subscript) IAA illite age analysis

16 XVI List of symbols and abbreviations ID interlayer displacement IL interlayer IR infrared IRM isothermal remanent magnetization I-S, I/S illite/smectite IU interlayer unit IVCT intervalence charge transfer latt lattice (subscript) LC layer charge LC low charge LC-IU low-charge interlayer unit LDE local distortion environment LLC liquid crystalline composite LO longitudinal optical LT low temperature magn magnetic (subscript) max maximum (subscript) min minimum (subscript) M metal 1M, 2M 1, 1Md, 3T polytypes of mineral MAS magic angle spinning MDC maximum dispersion of charge MDO maximum degree of disorder MO molecular orbital MQ multiple quantum (MAS NMR) MSD mean square displacement ND neutron diffraction NGR nuclear gamma resonance (Mössbauer effect) NIR near infrared NMR nuclear magnetic resonance NN nearest neighbor NNN next nearest neighbor (N)PL (non)polar layer o octahedrally coordinated cations, also: orthorhombic (subscript) oct octahedral O br, O*, O b bridging oxygen O nbr, O nb nonbridging oxygen O/D, OD order/disorder (process) p powder (subscript) pc polycrystal pfu per formula unit PBC periodic bond chain Phl phlogopite PID periodic intensity distribution PIL(C) pillared (clay) QCC quadrupole coupling constant rel relative (subscript) R rare-earth element RCM reduced charge montmorillonite REDOR rotational echo double resonance RH relative humidity RID radiation induced defect RKKY Ruderman Kittel Kasuya Yosida RT room temperature

17 List of symbols and abbreviations XVII sc, s.c. single crystal ssb spinning side band SAED selected area electron diffraction SAS small-angle scattering Sid siderophyllite SOQE second order quadrupole effect SP single-pulse SP/MAS NMR single pulse magic angle spinning NMR; also (SP) MAS NMR is used tet, tetr tetrahedral tot total (subscript) tv trans-vacant (position of sites) T (sites of) tetrahedron, tetrahedral, mostly: tetrahedrally coordinated cations TAEA tris(2-aminoethyl)-amine TDR time domain reflectometry TEM transmission electron microscopy TFA tetraferriannite TG(A) thermal gravimetric (analysis) TL thermoluminescence TLQS twin lattice quasi-symmetry TLS twin lattice symmetry TMS tetramethylsilane TO transverse optical TRM thermoremanent magnetization UV ultraviolet V vermiculite VC vicinity condition VIC vermiculite intercalation compound VIS visible (range of spectrum) WLHS water layer hydrated state XAFS X-ray absorption fine structure XANES X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy XAS X-ray absorption spectroscopy XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XRD X-ray diffraction ZFC zero-field cooled, perpendicular, parallel to a crystallographic axis vacancy { } octahedral site [ ] tetrahedral site

18 XVIII Definitions, units, and conversion factors Definitions, units, and conversion factors In the SI, units are given for both defining relations of the magnetization, B = μ 0 (H + M) and B = μ 0 H + M, respectively. μ 0 = 4π 10 7 Vs A 1 m 1, A: molar mass, ρ: mass density, P: magnetic moment, M: magnetic moment per unit volume (magnetization, magnetic polarization). Quantity cgs/emu SI B G = (erg cm 3 ) 1/2 1 G = H 1 Oe = (erg cm 3 ) 1/2 1 Oe = M B = H + 4πM G 1 G = T = Vs m T A m /4π A m 1 B = μ 0 (H + M) A m A m 1 B = μ 0 H + M T 4π 10 4 T P σ σ m P = MV G cm 3 1 G cm 3 = σ = M/ρ G cm 3 g 1 1 G cm 3 g 1 = σ m = σa G cm 3 mol 1 1 G cm 3 mol 1 = P = MV A m A m 2 σ = M/ρ A m 2 kg 1 1 A m 2 kg 1 σ m = σa A m 2 mol A m 2 mol 1 P = MV V s m 4π V s m σ = M/ρ V s m kg 1 4π 10 7 V s m kg 1 σ m = σa V s m mol 1 4π V s m mol 1 χ P = χh cm 3 1 cm 3 = χ v χ v = χ/v cm 3 cm 3 1 cm 3 cm 3 = χ g χ g = χ v /ρ cm 3 g 1 1 cm 3 g 1 = χ m χ m = χ g A cm 3 mol 1 1 cm 3 mol 1 = P = χh m 3 4π 10 6 m 3 χ v = χ/v m 3 m 3 4π m 3 m 3 χ g = χ v /ρ m 3 kg 1 4π 10 3 m 3 kg 1 χ m = χ g A m 3 mol 1 4π 10 6 m 3 mol 1 P = χμ 0 H m 3 4π 10 6 m 3 χ v = χ/v m 3 m 3 4π m 3 m 3 χ g = χ v /ρ m 3 kg 1 4π 10 3 m 3 kg 1 χ m = χ g A m 3 mol 1 4π 10 6 m 3 mol 1 Experimental errors In this volume, experimental errors are given in parentheses referring to the last decimal places. For example, 1.352(12) stands for ± 0.012, and 342.5(21) stands for ± 2.1.

19 Survey of Volume III/27 XIX Survey of Volume III/27 Magnetic properties of non-metallic inorganic compounds based on transition elements 1 Magnetic properties of pnictides and chalcogenides 1.1 Pnictides and chalcogenides based on 3d transition elements 1.2 Pnictides and chalcogenides based on lanthanides 1.3 Pnictides and chalcogenides based on actinides 2 Magnetic properties of binary lanthanide and actinide oxides 2.1 Binary lanthanide oxides 2.2 Binary actinide oxides 3 Magnetic properties of oxy-spinels 3.1 Binary oxy-spinels 3.2 Iron oxy-spinels 3.3 Non-iron oxy-spinels 4 Magnetic properties of garnets 4.1 Iron garnets 4.2 Non-iron garnets 5 Magnetic properties of oxides with perovskite, corundum, ilmenite and amorphous structures 5.1 Perovskite-type oxides based on 3d elements 5.2 Perovskite-type oxides based on 4d or 5d elements 5.3 Miscellaneous perovskite-type oxides ([AC 3 ](B 4 )O 12 -type perovskites) 5.4 Perovskite-type layered cuprates (high-t c superconductors and related compounds) 5.5 Perovskite-type oxides RMO 3 (R = rare-earth element, M = 3d element or Al) 5.6 Oxides with corundum and ilmenite structures 5.7 Amorphous oxides 6 Magnetic properties of oxides with various other structures 6.1 Binary oxides of d transition elements 6.2 Oxides with trirutile and pyrochlore structure 6.3 Hexagonal ferrites 6.4 RFe 2 O 4 compounds 7 Magnetic properties of crystalline and vitreous boron containing oxide systems 7.1 Crystalline boron containing oxide compounds 7.2 Boracites M 3 B 7 O 13 X and related compounds 7.3 Boron glasses 8 Magnetic and related properties of silicates and phosphates 8.1 Silicates Orthosilicates Sorosilicates Cyclosilicates Inosilicates Phyllosilicates Tectosilicates 9 Magnetic properties of halides 9.1 MX 2 and MX 2 nh 2 O compounds (M = 3d element, X = halogen element) 9.2 M 1 x M x X 2 and M 1 x M x X 2 nh 2 O compounds (M, M = 3d element, X = halogen element) 9.3 MX 3 compounds (M = 3d element, X = halogen element) 9.4 MCl 2 -GIC; MCl 3 -GIC (M = 3d element) 9.5 MM F 5 and MM F 5 nh 2 O compounds (M, M = 3d element or Al; n = 2 or 7) 9.6 AMX 3 and AMX 3 2 H2O compounds (A, M = metal, X = halogen element)

20 XX Survey of Volume III/ AMF 4 and AMF 4 H2O compounds (A = alkali element, Tl or NH 4, M = 3d element) 9.8 A 2 MX 5 and A 2 MX 5 H2O compounds (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Tl, NH 4 ; M = 3d element; X = F, Cl, Br) 9.9 A 2 MM X 6 compounds (A, M, M = metal, X = halogen element) 9.10 A 2 M 2+ M 3+ F 7 compounds (A = Na, Ag; M = 3d element, Mg, Al or In) 9.11 A 5 M 3 F 14 compounds (A = Na, K or Ag; M = 3d element or Al) 9.12 Halide perovskite-type layer structures