Dark-Bright Solitons Conversion System for Secured and Long Distance Optical Communication

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1 IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) ISSN: Volume, Issue 1 (Sep-Oct. 01), PP Dark-Bright Solitons Conversion System for Secured and Long Distance Optical Communication I. S. Amiri 1, S. Babakhani, G. R. Vahedi, J. Ali 1, P. P. Yupap 3 1 Institute of Advanced Photonics Science, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 3 Advanced Research Center for Photonics, Faculty of Science Kg Mongkut s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok 1050, Thailand Abstract: We suggest a new purpose of a security scheme by employg the nonlear behaviors of temporal dark and bright solitons amongst a micro-rg resonator system for signal security application. The chaotic signal is generated, where the required bright soliton pulse can be recovered and discovered by an add/drop filterg device. By usg the reserve rg parameters, simulation results obtaed have demonstrated that the soliton conversion can be performed. In application, the chaotic signal is generated and formed by the dark soliton side a nonlear micro-rg device. The different temporal soliton response time can be seen, the response times of 169 and 84 ns are mentioned for temporal dark and bright solitons, respectively, which can also be used to figure the security key. The technique of optical conversion can be use to improve the optical communication network systems. Keyword: microrg resonator, nonlear medium, chaotic signals, add/drop filter, dark-bright conversion I. INTRODUCTION Dark and bright soliton behaviors have been widely vestigated different forms [1]. Dark soliton is one of the soliton properties, whereas the soliton amplitude disappears or mimized throughout the propagation media, thus, the dark soliton detection is difficult []. The vestigation of dark soliton behaviors has been described, where one pot of them has shown the terestg results, where the dark soliton can be stabilized and converted to bright soliton and eventually observed [3, 4]. This means that we can employ the dark soliton penalty because of the low level of the peak power to be the benefit, where the predictg idea is that a dark soliton can perform the communication transmission carrier where the recovery can be retrieved by the darkbright soliton conversion [5]. A soliton pulse can be localized among a waveguide consists of micro and nanorg resonator, hence the soliton pulse can be stored with the nano-waveguide [6]. We have shown that the dark soliton can be put and chopped to the noisy signals for security use with the nonlear rg resonator system [7]. The required users can retrieve the origal signal through an add/drop filter, where they can select to retrieve either bright or dark soliton pulses [8, 9]. The filterg feature of the optical signal is presented with an add/drop filter, where the suitable parameters can be operated to obta the required output energy [10]. II. THORY The dark soliton pulse, which is troduced to the multi-stage micro-rg resonators as shown figure1, the put optical field ( ) of the dark soliton pulse put is given by [11, 1] T z Atanh exp i 0t (1) T0 LD where A and z are the optical field amplitude and propagation distance, respectively [13, 14]. T is a soliton pulse propagation time a frame movg at the group velocity [15, 16], T=t β 1 z, where β 1 and β are the coefficients of the lear and second-order terms of Taylor expansion of the propagation constant [17]. L D =T 0 / β is the dispersion length of the soliton pulse [18]. T 0 equation (1) is a soliton pulse propagation time at itial put [19]. Where t is the soliton phase shift time, and the frequency shift of the soliton is ω 0 [0, 1]. 43 Page

2 Fig. 1: Dark-bright soliton conversion system, where R s : rg radii, κ s : couplg coefficients, κ and κ 4 are the add/drop couplg coefficients The refractive dex (n) of light with the medium is given by [] n n n0 ni n0 ( ) P, () A eff where n 0 and n are the lear and nonlear refractive dexes, respectively [3]. I and P are the optical tensity and optical power, respectively [4]. The effective mode core area of the device is given by A eff and ranges from 0.50 to 0.10 μm [5, 6]. The normalized output of the light field each roundtrip is given by [7] out ( t) ( t) (1 ) 1 (1 x 1 (1 (1 ) x ) 1 ) 4 x 1 1 s ( ) κ is the couplg coefficient, and x=exp( αl/) represents a roundtrip loss coefficient, φ 0 =kln 0 and φ NL =kln are the lear and nonlear phase shifts, k=π/λ is the wave propagation number a vacuum [8]. Where L and α are a waveguide length and lear absorption coefficient, respectively [9, 30]. To retrieve the signals from the chaotic noise, we propose to use the add/drop device with the appropriate parameters [31, 3]. Optical circuits of rg resonator add/drop filters for the throughput and drop port can be given by [33, 34, 35] and t d L e cosk L 1 1 L L 1 1 e 1 1 e cosk L 4 L 4e n 4 4 e L L L 1 1 e 1 1 e cosk L where t and d represents the optical fields of the throughput and drop ports, respectively [36]. β=kn efff is the propagation constant, n eff is the effective refractive dex of the waveguide and the circumference of the rg is L=πR, here R is the radius of the rg [37, 38]. κ and κ 4 are couplg coefficient of add/drop filters, k n =π/λ is the wave propagation number for a vacuum, and where the waveguide (rg resonator) loss is α=0.5 db mm 1 [39, 40]. The fractional coupler tensity loss is γ=0.1 [, 4]. In the case of add/drop device, the nonlear refractive dex is neglected [43, 44]. III. Result And Discussion Dark soliton pulse with 50 ns pulse width, the maximum power of 1.0 W is put to the dark-bright solitons conversion system as demonstrated figure 1. The suitable rg parameters are applied, for example, rg radii R 1 =10.0 μm, R =7.0 μm and R 3 =5.0 μm. The system are prepared to λ 0 =1.55 μm, n 0 =3.34 (InGaAsP/InP), A eff =0.50, 0.5 and 0.10 μm for a micro and nanorg resonators, respectively, α=0.5 db mm 1, γ=0.1. The couplg coefficients (kappa, κ) of the micro-rg resonator are ranged from 0.05 to The nonlear refractive dex is n = m /W. The put dark soliton pulse is chopped (sliced) to the n n (3) (4) (5) 44 Page

3 smaller signals as shown figure (a). Figure (b) and (c) are the output signals of the filterg signals with the rgs R and R 3. The soliton signals R 3 is serted to the add/drop filter, where the dark-bright solitons conversion can be performed by usg equations (4) and (5). Fig. : Simulation results of the soliton signals with the rg resonator system, where (a): R 1 output power, (b): R output power and (c): R 3 output power. Dark soliton pulse is put to a micro and nanorg resonator systems as shown figure 3 and figure 4. The add/drop filter is connected to two couplers where the rg radius (R d ) is 10 μm and the couplg constants (κ 11 and κ 1 ) are the same values (0.50). When the add/drop filter is connected to the third rg (R 3 ), the dark-bright solitons conversion are seen. The bright soliton and dark solitons are observed by the through and drop ports as demonstrated figure 1, respectively. Fig. 3: Results of the optical solitons, where (a) the signals R 3, (b) a dark soliton and (c) a bright soliton. the put dark soliton power is 1 W, κ 1 =0.5, R d =10 mm. 45 Page

4 Fig. 4: Results of the optical solitons, where (a): the signals R 3, (b): a dark soliton and (c): a bright soliton, where put dark soliton power is 1 W, κ 1 =0.9, R d =10 mm. The system of conversion optical soliton pulses can be used optical communication network where the security can be performed by use of dark soliton. The bright soliton is used for long distance optical communication where the optical conversion system allows the different users to receive suitable type of optical solitons dependg of the required application. Schematic of an optical communication network system is shown figure 5 where the system of conversion can be seen along the lk. Fig. 5: Schematic of an optical communication network system where R j : rg s radius, λ i : transmittg wavelength, κ j : couplg coefficient, OC: optical conversion system IV. Conclusion In conclusion, dark soliton the optical microrg resonator can be converted to be a bright soliton corporatg the add/drop system. By usg the reasonable dark soliton put power, the output bright soliton power obtaed can be used to perform the common soliton for long-distance lk, for stance, the output power of bright solitons of 0.5 and 40 W are obtaed. The advantage is that the detection of the dark soliton along the through port is difficult, while the detection of the bright one can be performed by the standard form. This means the use of dark soliton to form the signal security or communication security is plausible, which is also available for network security application. Acknowledgements We would like to thank the Institute of Advanced Photonics Science, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) and IDF fancial support from UTM. 46 Page

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