Displacement and Dimension Measurement. Measuring Devices The Interferometer The Differential Transformer

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1 Displacement and Dimension Measurement Measuring Devices The Interferometer The Differential Transformer

2 Low-Resolution Devices(0.25mm) Steel rule used directly or with assistance Calipers Dividers Surface gage Thickness gages

3 Medium-Resolution Devices( mm) Micrometer Telescoping gages Expandable ball gages Vernier instruments Specific-purpose gages Dial indicators Measuring microscopes

4 High-Resolution Devices( mm) Gage blocks used directly comparator Mechanical comparators Electronic comparators Pneumatic comparators Optical flats and monochromatic light sources Super-Resolution Devices Various forms of interferometer used with special sources

5 Dimension measurement Devices Gage blocks and Surface Plates Gage blocks and Comparators Optical Methods (monochromatic light) Optical flats Measuring Microscopes Optical Projector The Interferometer

6 Micrometer(mechanism)

7 Micrometer(fundamental)

8 Micrometer(classification)

9 Micrometer(classification)

10 Micrometer(classification) 盤面式齒輪分厘卡 三槽式分厘卡

11 Micrometer(classification) 扁頭式分厘卡 卡式外測分厘卡

12 Micrometer(classification)

13 Micrometer(readout)

14 Micrometer(readout)

15 Micrometer(readout) 3 襯筒讀數 外套筒讀數 游標讀數 6.00 mm 0.21 mm mm 2 合計 mm 1

16 Vernier instruments(mechanism)

17 Vernier instruments(fundamental)

18 Vernier instruments(fundamental)

19 Vernier instruments(classification)

20 Vernier instruments(classification)

21 Vernier instruments(classification)

22 Vernier instruments(classification)

23 Vernier instruments(readout)

24 Vernier instruments(readout)

25 Vernier instruments(application) 外徑量測 深度量測 內徑量測 階級量測

26 Other vernier instruments High gauge(mechanism)

27 Other vernier instruments Combination square sets(mechanism)

28 Other vernier instruments Combination square sets(application)

29 Other vernier instruments Combination square sets(application)

30 Other vernier instruments Universal bevel protractor(mechanism)

31 Other vernier instruments Universal bevel protractor(readout)

32 Other vernier instruments Universal bevel protractor(application)

33 Dial indicators(mechanism)

34 Dial indicators(fundamental)

35 Dial indicators(classification)

36 Dial indicators(classification)

37 Lever indicators(mechanism)

38 Lever indicators(fundamental)

39 Lever indicators(fundamental)

40 Lever indicators(classification)

41 Lever indicators(classification)

42 Block gauge(mechanism)

43 Block gauge(classification)

44 Block gauge(manipulate)

45 Block gauge(manipulate)

46 Block gauge(application)

47 Block gauge(application)

48 Optical projector(mechanism)

49 Optical projector(fundamental)

50 Optical projector(classification)

51 Optical projector(classification)

52 Optical projector(application)

53 Optical projector(application)

54 Measuring microscopes(mechanism)

55 Measuring microscopes(mechanism)

56 Optical projector(mechanism)

57 Optical projector(fundamental)

58 Optical projector(classification)

59 Optical projector(application)

60 Displacement Transducers Resistance potentiometers Resistance strain gages Variable-inductance devices Differential transformers Capacitive transducers Piezoelectric transducers Hall-effect transducers

61 The Differential Transformer Linear-variable differential transformer (LVDT)

62 The LVDT Performance

63 Surface Roughness Roughness effect in machine parts Sliding Airtight Dovetail Appearance Strength

64 Surface Roughness Surface roughness in machine working

65 Surface Roughness Surface stylus in working piece

66 Surface Roughness Surface profile in working piece

67 Surface Roughness Definition and calculation (1) Center line average roughness ; R a Root-mean square average roughness ; R q dx y l R l a 1 0 = n y y y y n y a n n i i R = = = n y y y y q n R =

68 Surface Roughness Definition and calculation (2) Ten point height roughness ; R z R z = ( y p1+ y p y p5 ) ( yv1+ yv yv5 ) 5 Maximum height roughness ; R max R max = R + R + R n max 1 max 2 max R max n Other roughness definition Ry ; R3z ; Rp ; Pc ; Sm ; tp ; Sk ; Ku

69 Surface Roughness Center line average Roughness ; R a

70 Surface Roughness Example : Roughness R a ; R q ; R y R R R a q y = y1 + y2 + y y n = 12.89µ m = 2 y1 + y2 + y y n = 14.58µ m = y max 2 y 1 min = 49 µ m 2 n 2 n

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