Lecture 20. Measuring Pressure and Temperature (Chapter 9) Measuring Pressure Measuring Temperature MECH 373. Instrumentation and Measurements
|
|
- Camron Lyons
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 MECH 373 Instrumentation and Measurements Lecture 20 Measuring Pressure and Temperature (Chapter 9) Measuring Pressure Measuring Temperature 1
2 Measuring Acceleration and Vibration Accelerometers using Piezoelectric Sensing Elements An accelerometer using a piezoelectric material as the sensing element is shown below: It consists of a housing, a mass called the seismic mass, and a piezoelectric sensing element, which typically uses the longitudinal piezoelectric effect. An initial force between the mass and sensor is obtained with a preloading spring sleeve. 2
3 Measuring Acceleration and Vibration As the housing for the accelerometer is subject to an acceleration, the force exerted by the mass on the quartz crystal is altered. This generates a charge on the crystal, which can be sensed with a charge amplifier. Piezoelectric accelerometers are available in many ranges up to ±1000g, where g is the acceleration due to gravity. Quartz crystal accelerometers can have very high values of natural frequency up to 125 khz. This allows them to measure frequencies as high as 25 khz. 3
4 Measuring Acceleration and Vibration Vibrometer An instrument that is used to measure the ground motion in earthquakes and sometimes to measure vibration in machines is called the vibrometer. 4
5 Measuring Acceleration and Vibration Although the basic components are the same as the piezoelectric or strain-gage accelerometers, the mode of operation is different. In the vibrometer, the spring is quite soft and as the housing moves, the mass remains approximately stationary. The relative motion, y, is large and sensed with a potentiometer. These devices are used to measure vibrations with frequencies that are high relative to the natural frequency of the spring-mass system, which is often less than 1 Hz. The vibrometer effectively measures the displacement of the base rather than the acceleration. Thus, these devices are most sensitive to vibrations with moderate frequencies and fairly large displacement amplitudes. High frequency vibrations usually have small values of displacement amplitude and are better measured with accelerometers. 5
6 Load Cell Measuring Force Load cell is a term used to describe a transducer that generates a voltage signal as a result of an applied force, usually along a particular direction. Virtually any simple metal structure deforms when subjected to a force, and as long as the resulting stresses are below the material yield stress, the deflection (δ) and resulting strain (ε) are linear functions of the applied force: F = C δ 1 F = C2ε where C s are constants determined from analysis or calibration. The most common force-measuring devices are strain-gage load cells. They are often constructed of a metal and have a shape such that the range of forces to be measured results in a measurable output voltage over the desired operating range. Figure 8.34(a) shows a cantilever beam instrumented with four strain gages, two on the top and two on the bottom, to measure normal or bending stresses. These four gages form the Wheatstone bridge and offer effective temperature compensation. The output of the bridge is four times the output of an individual gage. 6
7 An unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge R x is the STRAIN GAUGE, generally V AB 0 V AB Unknown R (STRAIN GAUGE connected here) R x changes due to strain V AB changes 7
8 Measuring Force Figure 8.34(b) shows a hollow-cylinder load cell. It also uses four strain gages and is also temperature compensated. As the cylinder is compressed, it becomes slightly shorter, while the diameter becomes slightly larger. As a result, two gages measure the axial compression. The other two, mounted transversely, measure the tensile diametral strain. Since the transverse strain is only Poisson's ratio times the axial strain, the output is less than four times the output of a single axial strain gage. For a Poisson's ratio of 0.3, the output will be about 2.6 times the output of a single axial strain gage. 8
9 Measuring Force Due to their simple design, any range can be readily manufactured. Commercial load cells are available with ranges from ounces up to several hundred thousand pounds. Unlike accelerometers, it is not useful to specify the frequency response of commercial load cells because the mass and flexibility of the instrumented system control the dynamic response. Furthermore, an installed load cell will add flexibility to the system and also affect the dynamic response. If the flexibility of strain-gage load cells is too high, load cells using piezoelectric sensors, which are much stiffer, are commercially available. 9
10 Measurement Systems 10
11 Measuring Pressure Pressure is measured in three different forms: absolute pressure, gage pressure, and differential pressure. Absolute pressure is that used in thermodynamics to determine the state of a substance. Gage pressure is the pressure relative to the local ambient air pressure. Differential pressure is simply the difference in pressure at two points in a system. The relationship p between = p different + p pressure forms is abs gage ambient Pressure Transducers A very common and inexpensive device used to measure fluid pressure is the diaphragm strain-gage pressure transducer, shown in next slide. 11
12 Measuring Pressure The test pressure is applied to one side of the diaphragm, a reference to the other side. A deflection of the diaphragm is sensed with strain gages. The reference pressure can be atmospheric, so the transducer measures gage pressure. The reference side could be sealed and evacuated so that the transducer measures absolute pressure. Both sides could be connected to different test pressures so that the measurement is of differential pressure. 12
13 Measuring Pressure In the past, the diaphragm was made of metal and foil strain gages were used. Recently, it has become common to make the diaphragm of a semiconductor material (usually silicon) with semiconductor strain gages formed into the diaphragm. This is a less expensive construction technique, and since semiconductor gages have high gage factors, the sensitivity is improved. Normally, the Wheatstone-bridge signal conditioner is built into the transducer (all branches of the bridge are active gages), and the strain gages are connected to give temperature compensation. Most strain-gage pressure transducers produce a DC output in the millivolt range, but some include internal amplifiers and have outputs in the range 0 to 5 or 0 to 10 V. The higher voltage output units are less susceptible to environmental electrical noise. Pressures can also be sensed with LVDT (linear variable differential transformer) devices like the one shown below: 13
14 Measuring Pressure This diagram shows an arrangement with a flexible chamber called a capsule and an LVDT to sense the displacement. This design is more expensive than those using strain-gage sensors but may be more durable in an application requiring a long lifetime. The output is a DC voltage with a range on the order of 0-5 or 0-10 V. In the process industries, the voltage output usually be converted to a 4 to 20 ma current for signal transmission. 14
15 Measuring Pressure Capacitive sensors are sometimes used in pressure transducers. When one or more fixed metal plates are placed directly above or below a metallic diaphragm, a capacitor is created that forms an effective secondary element. Displacement of the diagram changes the average gap separation, which varies the capacitance developed between the two plates. Capacitive pressure transducers, like those shown below, are particularly useful for very low pressures (as low as 0.1 Pa) since captive sensors can detect extremely small deflections. 15
16 Measuring Pressure Transducers used for high-frequency pressure measurements usually use a piezoelectric sensing element. A piezoelectric transducer is shown below: These transducers generally use transverse-effect piezoelectric sensing elements. The piezoelectric material is very stiff, and the transducers have a high natural frequency in many applications. If the diaphragm (or other displacing element) is very flexible, the natural frequency will be low and the transducer output will be misleading for high-frequency pressure measurements. 16
17 Measuring Pressure The diaphragm is of the flush-mounted type. When the transducer is installed, it comes into direct contact with the fluid in the pipe or chamber. There are two reasons for this: - If a cavity were included as in the other transducers, it might significantly alter the measurand due to loading. - The natural frequency would be reduced and the ability to respond to transients would be impaired. Piezoelectric pressure transducers can have natural frequencies up to 150 khz and are usable up to about 30 khz. 17
18 Measuring Pressure (Summary) Strain gage types Capacitive very low pressures Piezoelectric high-frequency pressure LVDT 18
Lecture 19. Measurement of Solid-Mechanical Quantities (Chapter 8) Measuring Strain Measuring Displacement Measuring Linear Velocity
MECH 373 Instrumentation and Measurements Lecture 19 Measurement of Solid-Mechanical Quantities (Chapter 8) Measuring Strain Measuring Displacement Measuring Linear Velocity Measuring Accepleration and
More informationStrain, Force, and Pressure
10-1 10-1 Strain, Force, and Pressure Force is that which results in acceleration (when forces don t cancel). Strain is the change in shape of an object...... usually due to some force. (Force is usually
More informationBasic Principle of Strain Gauge Accelerometer. Description of Strain Gauge Accelerometer
Basic Principle of Strain Gauge Accelerometer When a cantilever beam attached with a mass at its free end is subjected to vibration, vibrational displacement of the mass takes place. Depending on the displacement
More informationMeasurement Techniques for Engineers. Motion and Vibration Measurement
Measurement Techniques for Engineers Motion and Vibration Measurement Introduction Quantities that may need to be measured are velocity, acceleration and vibration amplitude Quantities useful in predicting
More informationModule 2 Mechanics of Machining. Version 2 ME IIT, Kharagpur
Module 2 Mechanics of Machining Lesson 10 Dynamometers for measuring cutting forces Instructional objectives At the end of this lesson, the students would be able to (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) show the general
More information10 Measurement of Acceleration, Vibration and Shock Transducers
Chapter 10: Acceleration, Vibration and Shock Measurement Dr. Lufti Al-Sharif (Revision 1.0, 25/5/2008) 1. Introduction This chapter examines the measurement of acceleration, vibration and shock. It starts
More informationTransducers. ME 3251 Thermal Fluid Systems
Transducers ME 3251 Thermal Fluid Systems 1 Transducers Transform values of physical variables into equivalent electrical signals Converts a signal from one form to another form 2 Types of Transducers
More informationMechatronics II Laboratory EXPERIMENT #1: FORCE AND TORQUE SENSORS DC Motor Characteristics Dynamometer, Part I
Mechatronics II Laboratory EXPEIMENT #1: FOCE AND TOQUE SENSOS DC Motor Characteristics Dynamometer, Part I Force Sensors Force and torque are not measured directly. Typically, the deformation or strain
More informationAPPLICATIONS OF VIBRATION TRANSDUCERS
APPLICATIONS OF VIBRATION TRANSDUCERS 1) Measurements on Structures or Machinery Casings: Accelerometers and Velocity Sensors Used in gas turbines, axial compressors, small and mid-size pumps. These sensors
More informationOutline. 4 Mechanical Sensors Introduction General Mechanical properties Piezoresistivity Piezoresistive Sensors Capacitive sensors Applications
Sensor devices Outline 4 Mechanical Sensors Introduction General Mechanical properties Piezoresistivity Piezoresistive Sensors Capacitive sensors Applications Introduction Two Major classes of mechanical
More informationI. MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE
I. MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE Most frequent measurement and control Direct contact: thermometer, Indirect contact: pyrometer (detect generated heat or sensing optical properties) 1. Definition of temperature
More informationForce and Displacement Measurement
Force and Displacement Measurement Prof. R.G. Longoria Updated Fall 20 Simple ways to measure a force http://scienceblogs.com/dotphysics/200/02/diy_force_probe.php Example: Key Force/Deflection measure
More informationSTRAIN GAUGES YEDITEPE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
STRAIN GAUGES YEDITEPE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 1 YEDITEPE UNIVERSITY ENGINEERING FACULTY MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 1. Objective: Strain Gauges Know how the change in resistance
More informationSensors and Transducers. mywbut.com
Sensors and Transducers 1 Objectives At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to: describe the principle of operation of various sensors and transducers; namely.. Resistive Position Transducers.
More informationSet No. 1 1. (a) Differentiate among Desired, Modifying and Interfering inputs. (b) How do you eliminate the effects of interfering and modifying inputs? Explain 2. (a) Define the term Transducer and explain
More informationSENSORS and TRANSDUCERS
SENSORS and TRANSDUCERS Tadeusz Stepinski, Signaler och system The Mechanical Energy Domain Physics Surface acoustic waves Silicon microresonators Variable resistance sensors Piezoelectric sensors Capacitive
More informationThe secondary winding have equal no. of turns. The secondary windings are placed identically on either side of the primary winding.
UNIT 4 DISPLACEMENT MEASURMENT Electrical comparator Working principle of Electrical comparators: These instruments are based on the theory of Wheatstone A.C. Bridge. When the bridge is electrically balanced,
More informationPart 2. Sensor and Transducer Instrument Selection Criteria (3 Hour)
Part 2 Sensor and Transducer Instrument Selection Criteria (3 Hour) At the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the definition of sensor and transducer Determine the specification of control
More informationChapter 7 Vibration Measurement and Applications
Chapter 7 Vibration Measurement and Applications Dr. Tan Wei Hong School of Mechatronic Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Pauh Putra Campus ENT 346 Vibration Mechanics Chapter Outline 7.1
More informationMET 487 Instrumentation and Automatic Controls. Lecture 13 Sensors
MET 87 nstrumentation and utomatic Controls Lecture Sensors July 6-9, 00 Stress and Strain Measurement Safe Load Level monitoring Force (indirect measurement by measuring strain of a flexural element Pressure
More informationUnit 3 Transducers. Lecture_3.1 Introduction to Transducers
Unit 3 Transducers Lecture_3.1 Introduction to Transducers Introduction to transducers A transducer is a device that converts one form of energy to other form. It converts the measurand to a usable electrical
More informationSENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS
Electrical Measurements International Program Department of Electrical Engineering UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA ANDRITTO ABDUL GHAFFAR ANDHIKA ADIEL INSANI Lecturer : Ir. Chairul Hudaya, ST, M.Eng., Ph.D., IPM
More informationMechatronics II Laboratory EXPERIMENT #1 MOTOR CHARACTERISTICS FORCE/TORQUE SENSORS AND DYNAMOMETER PART 1
Mechatronics II Laboratory EXPEIMENT #1 MOTO CHAACTEISTICS FOCE/TOQUE SENSOS AND DYNAMOMETE PAT 1 Force Sensors Force and torque are not measured directly. Typically, the deformation or strain of some
More informationControl Engineering BDA30703
Control Engineering BDA30703 Lecture 4: Transducers Prepared by: Ramhuzaini bin Abd. Rahman Expected Outcomes At the end of this lecture, students should be able to; 1) Explain a basic measurement system.
More informationEE 5344 Introduction to MEMS CHAPTER 6 Mechanical Sensors. 1. Position Displacement x, θ 2. Velocity, speed Kinematic
I. Mechanical Measurands: 1. Classification of main types: EE 5344 Introduction MEMS CHAPTER 6 Mechanical Sensors 1. Position Displacement x, θ. Velocity, speed Kinematic dx dθ v =, = ω 3. Acceleration
More informationPiezoelectric Resonators ME 2082
Piezoelectric Resonators ME 2082 Introduction K T : relative dielectric constant of the material ε o : relative permittivity of free space (8.854*10-12 F/m) h: distance between electrodes (m - material
More informationStrain Measurement. Prof. Yu Qiao. Department of Structural Engineering, UCSD. Strain Measurement
Strain Measurement Prof. Yu Qiao Department of Structural Engineering, UCSD Strain Measurement The design of load-carrying components for machines and structures requires information about the distribution
More informationMAS.836 PROBLEM SET THREE
MAS.836 PROBLEM SET THREE FSR, Strain Gauge, and Piezo Circuits: The purpose of this problem set is to familiarize yourself with the most common forms of pressure and force measurement. The circuits you
More informationMidterm 2 PROBLEM POINTS MAX
Midterm 2 PROBLEM POINTS MAX 1 30 2 24 3 15 4 45 5 36 1 Personally, I liked the University; they gave us money and facilities, we didn't have to produce anything. You've never been out of college. You
More information7.Piezoelectric, Accelerometer and Laser Sensors
7.Piezoelectric, Accelerometer and Laser Sensors 7.1 Piezoelectric sensors: (Silva p.253) Piezoelectric materials such as lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) can generate electrical charge and potential difference
More informationOverview. Sensors? Commonly Detectable Phenomenon Physical Principles How Sensors Work? Need for Sensors Choosing a Sensor Examples
Intro to Sensors Overview Sensors? Commonly Detectable Phenomenon Physical Principles How Sensors Work? Need for Sensors Choosing a Sensor Examples Sensors? American National Standards Institute A device
More informationBiosensors and Instrumentation: Tutorial 2
Biosensors and Instrumentation: Tutorial 2. One of the most straightforward methods of monitoring temperature is to use the thermal variation of a resistor... Suggest a possible problem with the use of
More informationWhat is a Strain Gauge? Strain Gauge. Schematic View Of Strain Gauge
( ) : 1391-92 92 What is Strain? Strain is the amount of deformation of a body due to an applied force. More specifically, strain (ε) is defined as the fractional change in length. Strain can be positive
More informationME411 Engineering Measurement & Instrumentation. Winter 2017 Lecture 9
ME411 Engineering Measurement & Instrumentation Winter 2017 Lecture 9 1 Introduction If we design a load bearing component, how do we know it will not fail? Simulate/predict behavior from known fundamentals
More information(Refer Slide Time: 1: 19)
Mechanical Measurements and Metrology Prof. S. P. Venkateshan Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Module - 4 Lecture - 46 Force Measurement So this will be lecture
More informationUnit 57: Mechatronic System
Unit 57: Mechatronic System Unit code: F/60/46 QCF level: 4 Credit value: 5 OUTCOME 2 TUTORIAL 2 - SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES 2 Understand electro-mechanical models and components in mechatronic systems and products
More informationPiezoresistive sensors
Perform a basic bridge analysis, specifically, find output voltage as a function of input voltage and the various resistances, and find the relationship between output voltage and changes in resistance.
More informationSlide 1. Temperatures Light (Optoelectronics) Magnetic Fields Strain Pressure Displacement and Rotation Acceleration Electronic Sensors
Slide 1 Electronic Sensors Electronic sensors can be designed to detect a variety of quantitative aspects of a given physical system. Such quantities include: Temperatures Light (Optoelectronics) Magnetic
More informationCHAPTER 4 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM ELECTROSTATIC ACTUATORS
61 CHAPTER 4 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM ELECTROSTATIC ACTUATORS 4.1 INTRODUCTION The analysis of cantilever beams of small dimensions taking into the effect of fringing fields is studied and
More informationTransducers. EEE355 Industrial Electronics
Transducers EEE355 Industrial Electronics 1 Terminology Transducers convert one form of energy into another Sensors/Actuators are input/output transducers Sensors can be passive (e.g. change in resistance)
More informationDESIGN AND SIMULATION OF UNDER WATER ACOUSTIC MEMS SENSOR
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF UNDER WATER ACOUSTIC MEMS SENSOR Smitha G Prabhu 1, Nagabhushana S *2 1 Dept. Of Electronics and communication, Center for Nano Materials and MEMS, 2 Dept. of Electronics and Communication,
More informationINTRODUCTION TO PIEZO TRANSDUCERS
PIEZO SYSTEMS, INC. 65 Tower Office Park Woburn, MA 01801 USA Tel: 781 933 4850 Fax: 781 933 4743 email: sales@piezo.com Find Search for a product or category HOME PRODUCTS CUSTOM OEM CATALOG TECHNICAL
More informationME 515 Mechatronics. Overview of Computer based Control System
ME 515 Mechatronics Introduction to Sensors I Asanga Ratnaweera Department of Faculty of Engineering University of Peradeniya Tel: 081239 (3627) Email: asangar@pdn.ac.lk Overview of Computer based Control
More informationOverview. Sensors? Commonly Detectable Phenomenon Physical Principles How Sensors Work? Need for Sensors Choosing a Sensor Examples
Intro to Sensors Overview Sensors? Commonly Detectable Phenomenon Physical Principles How Sensors Work? Need for Sensors Choosing a Sensor Examples Sensors? American National Standards Institute A device
More informationModule I Module I: traditional test instrumentation and acquisition systems. Prof. Ramat, Stefano
Preparatory Course (task NA 3.6) Basics of experimental testing and theoretical background Module I Module I: traditional test instrumentation and acquisition systems Prof. Ramat, Stefano Transducers A
More informationWheatstone Bridge Nonlinearity
Index: Nonlinearity Wheatstone Bridge Nonlinearity Introduction General Considerations The "Unbalanced" Circuit The Unbalanced Circuit Table of Contents Output & Nonlinearity with Various Bridge/Strain
More informationMCT151: Introduction to Mechatronics Lecture 10: Sensors & Transduction Mechanisms
Faculty of Engineering MCT151: Introduction to Mechatronics Lecture 10: Sensors & Transduction Mechanisms Slides are borrowed from Dr. Mohamed Elshiekh lectures Types of sensors Sensors are considered
More informatione453.eps 1 Change (or the absolute value) in the measured physical variable 2 Change in the sensor property is translated into low-power-level
3 Basic Phenomenon in Effect in Sensor Operation Sensors Prof. Dr. M. Zahurul Haq zahurul@me.buet.ac.bd http://teacher.buet.ac.bd/zahurul/ Department of Mechanical Engineering Bangladesh University of
More informationELECTRONIC SENSORS PREAMBLE. This note gives a brief introduction to sensors. The focus is. on sensor mechanisms. It describes in general terms how
ELECTRONIC SENSORS PREAMBLE This note gives a brief introduction to sensors. The focus is on sensor mechanisms. It describes in general terms how sensors work. It covers strain gage sensors in detail.
More information1 Force Sensing. Lecture Notes. 1.1 Load Cell. 1.2 Stress and Strain
Lecture Notes 1 Force Sensing 1.1 Load Cell A Load Cell is a structure which supports the load and deflects a known amount in response to applied forces and torques. The deflections are measured to characterize
More informationForce Sensors. What is a force sensor?
orce Sensors What is a force sensor? In physics, the definition of force is any agent that causes a mass to move. When you push an object, say a toy wagon, you re applying a force to make the wagon roll.
More informationUS06CPHY06 Instrumentation and Sensors UNIT 2 Part 2 Pressure Measurements
US06CPHY06 Instrumentation and Sensors UNIT 2 Part 2 Pressure Measurements Pressure Measurements What is Pressure? Pressure: Force exerted by a fluid on unit surface area of a container i.e. P = F/A. Units
More informationLABORATORY MANUAL MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION (ME- 318-F)
LABORATORY MANUAL MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION (ME- 318-F) LIST OF THE EXPERIMENT S. NO. NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT PAGE NO FROM TO 1. To measure stress and strain using strain gauge mounted on a cantilever
More informationSENSOR DEVICES MECHANICAL SENSORS
SENSOR DEVICES MECHANICAL SENSORS OUTLINE 4 Mechanical Sensors Introduction General mechanical properties Piezoresistivity Piezoresistive sensors Capacitive sensors Applications INTRODUCTION MECHANICAL
More informatione453.eps 1 Change (or the absolute value) in the measured physical variable 2 Change in the sensor property is translated into low-power-level
3 Basic Phenomenon in Effect in Sensor Operation Measurement & Sensors Prof. Dr. M. Zahurul Haq http://teacher.buet.ac.bd/zahurul/ Department of Mechanical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering
More informationTransducer. A device to which change or converts physical quantity in a more easily measurable quantity. Transducer. (Input) Sensor.
Transducer A device to which change or converts physical quantity in a more easily measurable quantity Transducer (Input) Sensor (Output) Actuator Sensor A device which senses and detects the physical
More informationProf. S.K. Saha. Sensors 1. Lecture 5 June 11, Prof. S.K. Saha. Purpose Classification Internal Sensors. External Sensors.
Lecture 5 June 11, 2009 Sensors Prof. S.K. Saha Dept. of Mech. Eng. IIT Delhi Announcement Outlines of slides in Lectures 1-4 on May 15, 18, 21, June 01, 2009, respectively, are available from: http://web.iitd.ac.in/~saha/
More informationUNIT 2 STRAIN MEASURMENTS, FORCE MEASUREMENTS. Therefore, resistance strain gauges are also known as piezo-resistive gauges.
UNIT 2 STRAIN MEASURMENTS, FORCE MEASUREMENTS STRAIN MEASURMENTS Introduction: When a metal conductor is stretched or compressed, its resistance changes an account of the fact that both length and diameter
More informationMechanical Sensors 1.
DR. GYURCSEK ISTVÁN Mechanical Sensors 1. Sources and additional materials (recommended) Lambert Miklós: Szenzorok elmélet (ISBN 978-963-874001-1-3) Bp. 2009 Jacob Fraden: Handbook of Modern Sensors (ISBN
More information2. (a) Differentiate between rare metal thermocouples and base metal thermocouples.
Code No: R05410304 Set No. 1 1. (a) Distinguish between direct and indirect methods of measurement with suitable examples. (b) What are desired, modifying and interfering inputs for an instrumentation
More informationGlossary Innovative Measurement Solutions
Glossary GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR TRANSDUCERS, LOAD CELLS AND WEIGH MODULES This purpose of this document is to provide a comprehensive, alphabetical list of terms and definitions commonly employed in the
More informationSensors and transducers
Sensors and transducers Measurement is an important subsystem of a mechatronics system. Its main function is to collect the information on system status and to feed it to the micro-processor(s) for controlling
More informationECE421: Electronics for Instrumentation MEP382: Design of Applied Measurement Systems Lecture #2: Transduction Mechanisms
ECE421: Electronics for Instrumentation MEP382: Design of Applied Measurement Systems Lecture #2: Transduction Mechanisms Mostafa Soliman, Ph.D. April 28 th 2014 Slides are borrowed from Dr. Moahmed Elshiekh
More informationFinite Element Analysis of Piezoelectric Cantilever
Finite Element Analysis of Piezoelectric Cantilever Nitin N More Department of Mechanical Engineering K.L.E S College of Engineering and Technology, Belgaum, Karnataka, India. Abstract- Energy (or power)
More informationSilicon Capacitive Accelerometers. Ulf Meriheinä M.Sc. (Eng.) Business Development Manager VTI TECHNOLOGIES
Silicon Capacitive Accelerometers Ulf Meriheinä M.Sc. (Eng.) Business Development Manager VTI TECHNOLOGIES 1 Measuring Acceleration The acceleration measurement is based on Newton s 2nd law: Let the acceleration
More informationDYNAMIC ROTARY TORQUE MEASUREMENT USING SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVES
DYNAMIC ROTARY TORQUE MEASUREMENT USING SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVES Abstract A. Lonsdale Technical Director Sensor Technology Ltd The subject of torque measurement has previously been addressed extensively.
More informationChapter 3. Lecture 3 Chapter 3 Basic Principles of Transducers. Chapter 3 - Definitions. Chapter 3. Chapter 3 7/28/2010. Chapter 3 - Definitions.
Lecture 3 Basic Principles of ransducers By Hung Nguyen Maritime Engineering and Hydrodynamics Learning Outcomes: p. 3-3 Contents of : resistance transducers capacitance transducers inductance transducers
More information6. Strain Gages and Strain Measurement
6. Strain Gages and Strain Measurement 6.1 Strain gages: (Silva p.273) Strain gage measures strain and the measurements can be directly related to stress and force. Hence, strain gages can be utilized
More informationActive elastomer components based on dielectric elastomers
Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe, 68, No. 6, 2015, pp. 412 415 Active elastomer components based on dielectric elastomers W. Kaal and S. Herold Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability
More informationTransduction Based on Changes in the Energy Stored in an Electrical Field
Lecture 6- Transduction Based on Changes in the Energy Stored in an Electrical Field Actuator Examples Microgrippers Normal force driving In-plane force driving» Comb-drive device F = εav d 1 ε oε F rwv
More informationDimension measurement. By Mr.Vuttichai Sittiarttakorn
Dimension measurement By Mr.Vuttichai Sittiarttakorn 1 LECTURE OUTLINE 1. Introduction 2. Standards and Calibration 3. Relative displacement : Translational and Rotational 4. displacement transducers Potentiometers
More informationPIEZOELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY PRIMER
PIEZOELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY PRIMER James R. Phillips Sr. Member of Technical Staff CTS Wireless Components 4800 Alameda Blvd. N.E. Albuquerque, New Mexico 87113 Piezoelectricity The piezoelectric effect is
More information(Refer Slide Time 03:12)
Mechanical Measurements and Metrology Prof. S. P. Venkateshan Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Module -2 Lecture - 20 Pressure Measurement So this will be lecture
More informationEE C245 ME C218 Introduction to MEMS Design Fall 2007
EE C245 ME C218 Introduction to MEMS Design Fall 2007 Prof. Clark T.-C. Nguyen Dept. of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 Lecture 17: Energy
More informationHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS APPLIED TO VIBRATION CONTROL
HOMOGENEOUS ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS APPLIED TO VIBRATION CONTROL A.K. El Wahed Division of Mechanical Engineering & Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee.
More informationENSC387: Introduction to Electromechanical Sensors and Actuators LAB 3: USING STRAIN GAUGES TO FIND POISSON S RATIO AND YOUNG S MODULUS
ENSC387: Introduction to Electromechanical Sensors and Actuators LAB 3: USING STRAIN GAUGES TO FIND POISSON S RATIO AND YOUNG S MODULUS 1 Introduction... 3 2 Objective... 3 3 Supplies... 3 4 Theory...
More informationAdvanced Measurements
Albaha University Faculty of Engineering Mechanical Engineering Department Lecture 11: Force, Strain, and Tactile Sensors Ossama Abouelatta o_abouelatta@yahoo.com Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty
More informationMeasurement Systems. Lecture 7- Combination of Component Errors in Overall System-Accuracy Calculations
Measurement Systems Lecture 7- Combination of Component Errors in Overall System-Accuracy Calculations Hamid Ahmadian School of Mechanical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology ahmadain@iust.ac.ir
More informationEarlier Lecture. In the earlier lecture, we have seen non metallic sensors like Silicon diode, Cernox and Ruthenium Oxide.
41 1 Earlier Lecture In the earlier lecture, we have seen non metallic sensors like Silicon diode, Cernox and Ruthenium Oxide. Silicon diodes have negligible i 2 R losses. Cernox RTDs offer high response
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF DROP WEIGHT IMPACT TEST MACHINE
CHAPTER-8 DEVELOPMENT OF DROP WEIGHT IMPACT TEST MACHINE 8.1 Introduction The behavior of materials is different when they are subjected to dynamic loading [9]. The testing of materials under dynamic conditions
More informationDEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENIGINEERING, UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY LAHORE (KSK CAMPUS).
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENIGINEERING, UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY LAHORE (KSK CAMPUS). Lab Director: Coordinating Staff: Mr. Muhammad Farooq (Lecturer) Mr. Liaquat Qureshi (Lab Supervisor)
More informationImpulsive loading on reinforced concrete slabs - blast loading function N. Duranovic & A.J. Watson Department of Civil and Structural Engineering,
Impulsive loading on reinforced concrete slabs - blast loading function N. Duranovic & A.J. Watson Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, UK ABSTRACT This paper describes
More informationINSTRUMENTATION ECE Fourth Semester. Presented By:- Sumit Grover Lect., Deptt. of ECE
INSTRUMENTATION ECE Fourth Semester Presented By:- Sumit Grover Lect., Deptt. of ECE Detailed Contents Objectives Sensors and transducer Classification of transducers Temperature transducers Resistance
More informationMET 301 EXPERIMENT # 2 APPLICATION OF BONDED STRAIN GAGES
MET 301 EPERIMENT # 2 APPLICATION OF BONDED STRAIN GAGES 1. Objective To understand the working principle of bonded strain gauge and to study the stress and strain in a hollow cylindrical shaft under bending,
More informationVALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603 203 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK V SEMESTER EI6502 -INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTATION I Regulation 2013
More informationDesign and Development of Impact Load Sensor for Dynamic Testing Purposes
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Design and Development of Impact Load Sensor for Dynamic Testing Purposes To cite this article: E Permana and Yayat 2018 IOP Conf.
More informationRobotics Intelligent sensors (part 2)
Robotics Intelligent sensors (part ) Tullio Facchinetti Tuesday 6 th December, 06 http://robot.unipv.it/toolleeo Pressure measurement static pressure is a force applied to
More informationCryogenic Instrumentation I Thermometry OUTLINE Thermometry Pt (pure metal) Temperature Ranges of Thermometer Application Typical Resistive Thermal
Cryogenic Instrumentation I 1. Thermometry 2. anges of Application 3. Constant Volume 4. Thermocouples 5. Time esponse Data 6. 4 Terminal esistance Measurement OUTLINE 8. Pt (pure metal) 9. Typical esistive
More informationSCB10H Series Pressure Elements PRODUCT FAMILY SPEFICIFATION. Doc. No B
PRODUCT FAMILY SPEFICIFATION SCB10H Series Pressure Elements SCB10H Series Pressure Elements Doc. No. 82 1250 00 B Table of Contents 1 General Description... 3 1.1 Introduction... 3 1.2 General Description...
More informationDESIGN AND FABRICATION OF THE MICRO- ACCELEROMETER USING PIEZOELECTRIC THIN FILMS
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF THE MICRO- ACCELEROMETER USING PIEZOELECTRIC THIN FILMS JYH-CHENG YU and FU-HSIN LAI Department of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
More information1.103 CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS LABORATORY (1-2-3) Dr. J.T. Germaine Spring 2004 LABORATORY ASSIGNMENT NUMBER 6
1.103 CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS LABORATORY (1-2-3) Dr. J.T. Germaine MIT Spring 2004 LABORATORY ASSIGNMENT NUMBER 6 COMPRESSION TESTING AND ANISOTROPY OF WOOD Purpose: Reading: During this laboratory
More informationBecause the third wire carries practically no current (due to the voltmeter's extremely high internal resistance), its resistance will not drop any
Strain gauges If a strip of conductive metal is stretched, it will become skinnier and longer, both changes resulting in an increase of electrical resistance end-to-end. Conversely, if a strip of conductive
More informationMeteorology 432. Barometry Spring 2013
Meteorology 432 Barometry Spring 2013 Basics Revisited Objective: Measure the static pressure exerted by the atmosphere. Static Pressure: Force per unit area in the absence of air motion. In this case,
More informationPiezoresistive Sensors
Piezoresistive Sensors Outline Piezoresistivity of metal and semiconductor Gauge factor Piezoresistors Metal, silicon and polysilicon Close view of the piezoresistivity of single crystal silicon Considerations
More informationIndustrial Instrumentation Dr. Alok Barua Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. Lecture - 4 Strain Gauge
Industrial Instrumentation Dr. Alok Barua Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Lecture - 4 Strain Gauge Welcome to the lesson 4 of industrial instrumentation. In
More informationFABRICATION, TESTING AND CALIBRATION OF TWO DIRECTIONAL FORCE SENSOR
FABRICATION, TESTING AND CALIBRATION OF TWO DIRECTIONAL FORCE SENSOR Kuruva Veerakantha 1, G.Kirankumar 2 1 Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering, NNRG, Telangana, India 2 Assistant Professor, Mechanical
More informationMAE106 Laboratory Exercises Lab # 6 - Vibrating systems
MAE106 Laboratory Exercises Lab # 6 - Vibrating systems Goals Understand how the oscillations in a mechanical system affect its behavior. Parts & equipment Qty Part/Equipment 1 Seeeduino board 1 Motor
More informationStrain Measurement Techniques for Composite Coupon Testing
Strain Measurement Techniques for Composite Coupon Testing Introduction Characterization of the properties of anisotropic and inhomogeneous composite materials for use in demanding structural applications
More informationBending Load & Calibration Module
Bending Load & Calibration Module Objectives After completing this module, students shall be able to: 1) Conduct laboratory work to validate beam bending stress equations. 2) Develop an understanding of
More informationStrain Measurements. Isaac Choutapalli
Note that for axial elongation (Eaxiai > 0), Erransverse (from Equation C.6), and therefore Strain Measurements Isaac Choutapalli Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas - Pan American
More information