U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. ROYAL MEEKER, Commissioner WHOLESALE PRICES T O 1913 MAY 11, 1914

Transcription

1 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ROYAL MEEKER, Commissioner B U L L E T IN O F T H E U N IT E D STA TES \ j WHOLE B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T I C S h i 1 } N U M B E R 149 WHOLESALE PRICES SERIES : No. 2 WHOLESALE PRICES T O 1913 MAY 11, 1914 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1914

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3 CONTENTS. Wholesale s, 1890 to 1913: Page. Introduction... 5 Prices of commodities, 1913 com with Prices of commodities com, 1890 to Prices of commodities, by months, January, 1900, to December, Influences affecting s... 22,23 Explanation of tables Table I. Wholesale s during Table II. wholesale s for each year 1890 to 1913, and for each month of Appendix I. wholesale s, 1860 to Appendix II. Wholesale s in Canada, 1890 to

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5 BULLETIN OF THE U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. W HOLE N O WASHINGTON. r* MAY 11, WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO INTRODUCTION. The marked upward tendency of wholesale s manifested during recent years did not continue throughout the whole of Prices moved within very narrow limits from month to month during the year, the most significant feature being a decline in the groups of farm products and food, which have such an important bearing upon the cost of living. The average of wholesale s in 1913, as measured by the s of 252 commodities, was 1.2 per cent higher than the average for This average was 19.8 per cent higher than in 1890, 22.4 per cent higher than in 1900, 2.7 per cent higher than in 1910, and 35.2 per cent higher than the average for the 10 years The upward movement of s, which began in July, 1905, continued until October, 1907, from which time there was a general decline until August, From September, 1908, wholesale s again moved upward without a break until March, 1910, from which time they declined slightly until January, During the year 1911 the variations from month to month were small, with the tendency slightly upward, but in the early part of 1912 s rose rapidly until May. Slight recessions occurred during the summer months of 1912, but s rose again during the latter part of the year, while throughout the year 1913 only slight variations in s from month to month occurred, November and December showing slight declines from the high level of the year which occurred in October. Wholesale s in December, 1913, were but 0.4 per cent higher than in December, As here measured for 1913 they were slightly higher than for any other year of the 24-year period, 1890 to 1913, covered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports, and were higher than for any year since (Seep. 179 of this report relative to wholesale s for the 54-year period, ) 1 This report summarizes data published in previous wholesale reports of the Bureau, Bulletins 39, 45,51,57,63, 69, 75, 81, 87, 93, 99, and

6 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. PRICES OF COMMODITIES, 1913 COMPARED WITH Comparing 1913 with 1912, the group of commodities showing the greatest increase in s was fuel and lighting, the increase in the group as a whole being 6.2 per cent. Six other groups show an increase in 1913 of 1 per cent to 3.9 per cent, while two of the 9 groups into which the 252 commodities have been classified show a. Farm products declined 3.2 per cent in, while food shows a decline of 1.7 per cent. Of the 252 articles for which wholesale s were obtained, 134 showed an increase in the average for 1913 com with 1912, 35 showed no change in the average, and 83 showed a in The following table shows for each of the 9 groups the number of articles covered, the per cent or in the average for 1913 as com with that for 1912 for each group as a whole, and the number of articles which increased or d in P E R CEN T O F IN C R E A SE IN A V E R A G E PRICES F O R 1913, AS C O M PARED W IT H 1912, A N D N U M B E R OF A R T IC L E S W H IC H IN C R E A SE D O R D E C R E A SE D IN PR IC E, B Y GROUPS O F COM M ODITIES. Group. Number of commodities. in Number of commodities showing Increase. No change. Decrease. Farm products i Food, etc Cloths and clothing Fuel and lighting Metals and implements Lumber and building materials Drugs and chemicals House-furnishing goods Miscellaneous Total ! Decrease. From the above table it is seen that farm products, taken as a whole, were 3.2 per cent lower in in 1913 than in The articles showing the greatest decline were hops, barley, flaxseed, hay, rye, and oats. Some of the articles increasing in were mules, tobacco, poultry, hogs, and cotton. Food, as a group, was 1.7 per cent lower in in 1913 than in The important articles in which the decline was greatest were potatoes, coffee, sugar, beans, meal, flour, and cheese. The articles of most importance showing an advance were mutton, salt beef, salt pork, hams, bacon, and dressed poultry. As a group, cloths and clothing were 2.5 per cent higher in 1913 than in This advance was due in the main to the increase in

7 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO the average yearly s of bleached sheetings, raw silk, boots and shoes, leather, cotton yarns, and various other cotton manufactures. Seven articles of this group show the same average for both years. In the main, the articles showing a decline were those of woolen manufactures, such as scoured wool, worsted yarns, all-wool suitings, and dress goods. The increase in s of fuel, etc., in 1913, as com with 1912, was 6.2 per cent. All articles in this group, except three, rose in The greatest advances were in petroleum. The metals and implements group shows an increase of 1.1 per cent in 1913 over the 1912 Some of the commodities showing the greatest advance were bar iron, steel billets, black sheets, barb wire, Bessemer and foundry pig iron, and nails. Such articles as tools, steel rails, and builders' hardware were unchanged. The important articles declining in were spelter, sheet zinc, copper, tin, and lead. Lumber and building materials were 2.4 per cent higher in in 1913 than in The articles producing the larger part of this increased were glass, cement, tar, and shingles. One article of this group remained at the same during both years. The articles showing the greatest in were linseed oil, rosin, and turpentine. The increase of 1 per cent in the drugs and chemicals group was due to the increase in of quinine and glycerin, which was ail but offset by the in the of opium and alcohol. The s of four of the articles in this group were unchanged during both years. The 3.9 per cent increase in the 1913 of house-furnishing goods was caused by the advance in bedroom furniture, table knives, glass tumblers, and earthenware. None of the articles in this group showed a decline, and 5 of the articles showed no change in during both years. The miscellaneous group increased 2.9 per cent in 1913, which increase was due for the most part to manila rope, raw jute, and cottonseed oil. Two of the articles in this group did not change in during both years, and of the five articles decreasing in malt and rubber showed the heaviest decline. The per cent or in the average wholesale in 1913 for each of the 252 articles as com with the for each preceding year is shown in Table II, pages 83 to 176. In addition to the classification into the nine groups named above, the 252 articles included in the investigation have been divided into two general groups designated as raw commodities and manufactured commodities. A clearly defined classification of this character can

8 8 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. not be made, but tbe commodities here designated as raw may be said to be such as are marketed in their natural state and such as have been subjected only to a preliminary manufacturing process (thus converting them into a marketable condition, but not to a suitable form for final consumption), while the commodities designated as manufactured are such as have been subjected to more than a preliminary factory manipulation, in which the manufacturing labor cost constituted an important element in the In the group designated as raw are included all farm products, beans, coffee, eggs, milk, rice, pepper, tea, vegetables, raw silk, wool, coal, crude petroleum, copper ingots, pig lead, pig iron, bar silver, spelter, pig tin, brimstone, jute, and rubber a total of 54 articles. All the other articles are classed as manufactured commodities. As thus grouped, the average wholesale of raw commodities for 1913 was 1.1 per cent below that for 1912, while the average wholesale of manufactured commodities for 1913 was 1.8 per cent above that of A few of the articles showing the most marked variations in within the year 1913 are here noted. Light hogs advanced from an average of $ per 100 pounds in January to $ in July, this being an increase of 23.3 per cent; crude petroleum advanced 25 per cent from January to March; corn advanced 52.5 per cent from January to September; and fresh eggs advanced per cent from April to November. Of the s in within the year 1913, the more notable are as follows: Granulated sugar, 11.5 per cent from August to December; serge suitings, 16.7 per cent from July to August; pig tin, 23.7 per cent from January to December; worsted yarns from crossbred stock, 26.1 per cent from February to December; creamery butter in New York, 26.3 per cent from February to July; spelter, 29.3 per cent from January to December; and good to fancy sheep, 32.2 per cent from March to September. PRICES OF COMMODITIES COMPARED, 1890 TO The following table shows, by relative s, the changes in the average wholesale s of the articles for which s were secured, by years, from 1890 to 1913, inclusive, and by months from January to December, To assist in the comparison, the last column of the table shows the per cent or in s for each year, 1891 to 1913, and for each month of 1913 subsequent to January, com with the s for the preceding This form of presentation differs somewhat from that contained in previous reports of the Bureau, in which the s for the current year were com with those for each preceding year to 1890, inclusive.

9 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO R E LA TIV E W H OLESALE PRICES FROM 1890 TO (A VE R AG E FO R =100.) [ relative s for each year, for each month of 1913, and per cent or, com with the next preceding ] Year or s of all commodities. ( + ) or ( ) com with each preceding January... February. March----- A pril... M ay... June... July... A u g u st... September O ctober... November December The relative used in this table is simply a percentage. The base on which the relative is computed is not the in any one year, but the average of s for 10 years, from 1890 to 1899, inclusive. The reason for adopting this base is fully explained on page 30. s such as are here shown are also sometimes spoken of as relative numbers or as index numbers. For explanation of the method used in computing the relative of all commodities, see pages 30 to 32. The relative wholesale s during the years 1890 to 1913, set forth in tabular form in the preceding table, are shown also in the chart on next page.

10 1 0 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. This chart shows that the average wholesale s declined each year from 1890 to 1897, or 8 years of constantly falling s. From 1898 to 1913 was a period of advancing s with only 4 of the 16 years showing a from the s of the previous year. These 4 years were 1901, 1904, 1908, and The decline of the 1908 s from those of 1907 were heavier than the decline in 1901, 19C4, R ELA TIV E PRICES OF A L L COMMODITIES, 1890 TO [ for 1890 to 1899 *=100.0.] K LATM / I9H 1913 PRICES !Z / H 8 1/6!/ 4 H 2 n o /OO 93 $ /!_l! / i y / ) 1 r / \ / \ J / / T r~ j \/ i i 1 i / i i )! /! " / i / 1 / i i i, \ j \ y 1 > i i \ \ / i i / 1 i \ / \ 1!_ 1 i \ / \ / A L ' L_ / / 1 \ 5 1 \ T \ / f i / r \ s. / f i t / f / </ or The extent of the recession in 1911 was nearly the same as in 1901, slightly more than in 1904, and much less than in Prices advanced sharply in 1912 and again slightly in 1913 to the highest point reached in the 24 years covered by this compilation. The lowest year of the 24-year period was The second column of the table (p. 9) shows that the in 1913 was 1.2 per cent above the in 1912; that the in 1912

11 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO was 3.4 per cent above the in The year showing the greatest increase from the level of the preceding year was 1899, and the greatest was in The relative s appearing in this table are based on 251 articles in 1890 and 1891, on 252 articles in 1913, on 253 articles in 1892, on 255 articles in 1893 and 1912, on 256 articles in 1894, on 257 articles from 1909 to 1911, on 258 articles from 1906 to 1908, on 259 articles in 1895, 1904, and 1905, on 260 articles in 1896 and from 1899 to 1903, and on 261 articles in 1897 and Having shown the movement in wholesale s for the period from 1890 to 1913 for all commodities taken as a whole, a table is given showing the movement in each of the nine groups previously referred to. This table presents the relative s by groups from 1890 to 1913: R E LA TIV E PRICES OF COMMODITIES, B Y GROUPS, 1890 TO 1913, AND JAN U A RY TO DECEM BER, [ for =100.] Year. Farm products. Food, etc. Cloths and clothing. Fuel and lighting. Metals and implements. Lumber and building materials. Drugs and chemicals. House furnishinggoods. Miscellaneous. All commodities ' Jan F eb Mar A p r M ay June July Aug Sept O ct N ov D ec

12 12 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. In this table the average relative s of farm products are based on 16 articles from 1890 to 1907 and on 20 articles from 1908 to 1913; of food, etc., on 53 articles from 1890 to 1892 and from 1904 to 1907, on 54 from 1893 to 1903 and in 1913, on 55 in 1912, and on 57 from 1908 to 1911; of cloths and clothing, on 63 articles in 1913, on 65 articles from 1909 to 1912, on 66 in 1908, on 70 in 1890 and 1891, 72 in 1892, 73 in 1893 and 1894, 75 in 1895, 1896, 1906, and 1907, and 76 from 1897 to 1905; of fuel and lighting, on 13 articles; of metals and implements, on 37 articles from 1890 to 1893, 38 in 1894 and 1895 and from 1899 to 1913, and 39 from 1896 to 1898; of lumber and building materials, on 26 articles from 1890 to 1894, 27 from 1895 to 1907, and.on 28 from 1908 to 1913; of drugs and chemicals, on 9 articles; of house-furnishing goods, on 14 articles; and of miscellaneous, on 13 articles. CHANGES IN W HOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO [ ( ) for each year subsequent to 1890 and for each month of 1913 subsequent to January, com with the preceding month, by groups of commodities.] Year. Farm products. Food, etc. Cloths and clothing. Fuel and lighting. Metals and implements. Lumber and building materials. Drugs and chemicals. Ilousefurnishinggoods. Miscellaneous. A ll commodities _ _ Jan... F eb ) ) Mar ) A pr (i) May (l) June ) July... 0 ) ) A ug Sept (l) O ct ) C1) N ov ) ) D ec <l) Same

13 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO The increases and s in this table are computed from the relative s for each group as shown on page 11. For instance, the relative of farm products in 1891, which is 121.5, was found to show a 10.5 per cent increase over the relative for The above table shows that farm products passed through a period of falling s from 1892 to Then followed six years of constantly increasing s, but from 1902 onward there has been no unbroken period of advancing s. The declines, however, have not been sufficient to offset the advances. The decline in the farm products group for 1913 exceeded that of any other year since In the food group only six years of the 23 show s lower than those of the previous year. From 1897 to 1902 and 1904 to 1912 were periods of advancing s and there have been only two years of declining s in this group since The declines occurred in 1903 and The greatest per cent of change is shown for farm products and food in 1896; for cloths and clothing 1894 and 1900 show the same per cent of greatest change, one a, the other an increase; fuel and lighting show the greatest change in 1900; metals and implements, in 1899; lumber and building materials, in 1910; drugs and chemicals, in 1898; house-furnishing goods and the miscellaneous group, in The index for all commodities shows the greatest change in In order to follow the movement in the two great classes of commodities raw and manufactured the following table and the chart on page 15 have been pre. The articles included under each of the two groups are indicated on page 8. R E L A T IV E PR IC E S O F R A W A N D M A N U FACTU RED COM M ODITIES, B Y Y E A R S, 1890 TO 1913, AND B Y MONTHS, JAN U ARY TO DECEM BER, [ for =100.] Year or Raw commodities. Manufactured commodities. A ll commodities

14 14 BULLETIN OE THE BUREAU OE LABOR STATISTICS. R E L A T IV E PR IC E S OF R A W A N D M A N U F A C T U R E D C O M M O D ITIE S, B Y Y E A R S, 1890 TO 1912, AND B Y MONTHS, JAN U A RY TO DE C EM BE R, 1913 Concluded. Year or Raw commodities. Manufactured commodities. All commodities Jan uary... February.. March... A pril... M ay... June July... August September O cto b er... November. December In 1890 the relative s of raw commodities were on a higher level than those of manufactured commodities and remained so until 1893, when s of raw commodities declined and those of manufactured commodities were slightly above the s of From 1894 to 1896 there was a marked decline in both groups, the raw commodities being on a lower level than the manufactured in each of these years. In 1897 raw commodities advanced and manufactured declined. From 1898 to 1900 there was a decided advance in both groups each year, raw commodities advancing to a higher point than manufactured. In 1901 there was a very slight decline in raw and a more marked decline in manufactured commodities. In 1902 both groups made a decided advance, raw commodities much the greater, and in 1903 both slightly advanced. In 1904 both raw and manufactured commodities declined, but in 1905 both groups advanced. In 1906 both made a sharp advance, and another advance, equally great, was made in both groups in In 1908 both raw and manufactured commodities declined. In 1909 both general groups advanced, but the increase in raw was much more marked than in manufactured commodities. In 1910 both groups advanced, manufactured commodities making the greater gain. In 1911 manufactured commodities receded and raw commodities rose higher, but in 1912 the yearly average of both groups advanced. The manufactured group advanced in 1913, and was higher than in any other of the 24 years covered, while the group of raw commodities was lower than in 1912 but above the average s for the other years. For the period included in this table it will be seen that generally during the years of high s raw commodities were on a higher

15 WHOLESALE PKICES, 1890 TO 1913, 15 R E L A T IV E PK IC E S OF R A W A N D M A N U F A C T U R E D COM M ODITIES, 1890 TO [ for 1890 to 1899 => ]

16 16 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. level than manufactured commodities, and during the years of low s raw commodities were on a lower level than manufactured commodities. The table following shows the per cent or in s for these two groups for each year, 1891 to 1913, as com with the preceding year. CHANGES IN W H OLESALE PRICES OF R A W AND M ANUFACTURED COMMODITIES, 1890 TO [ ( ) for each year subsequent to 1890 and for each m onth of 1913 subsequent to January, com with the preceding ] Year or Raw commodities. Manufactured commodities. All commodities i. i January... February... March June July ) +.1 August September October November... _ December i Price unchanged,

17 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO PRICES OF COMMODITIES, BY MONTHS, JANUARY, 1900, TO DECEM BER, An opportunity is given in the table below to study the movement in s for each of the nine groups and for all commodities, month by month, from January, 1900, to December, 1913, inclusive. R ELATIVE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH MONTH, JAN U ARY, 1900, TO DECEM B E R, 1913, B Y GROUPS. [ for =100.] FARM PRODUCTS. Year. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Yearly average FOOD, ETC CLOTHS AND CLOTHING Bull

18 18 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, R ELA TIV E PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH MONTH, JAN U A RY, 1900, TO DECEM B E R, 1913, B Y GROUPS Continued. FUEL AND LIGHTING. Year. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Yearly average METALS AND IMPLEMENTS LUMBER AND BUILDING MATERIALS DRUGS AND CHEMICALS

19 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO R E LA TIV E PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH MONTH, JAN U A RY, 1900, TO DECEM B ER, 1913, B Y GROUPS Concluded. HOUSE-FURNISHING GOODS. Year. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Yearly average MISCELLANEOUS ALL COMMODITIES The course of s, by months, from January, 1909, to December, 1913, as represented by all commodities, is shown more clearly in the chart on page 20. The earlier years are omitted from the chart for lack of space. The table on page 21 shows the movement in the wholesale s of raw commodities and of manufactured commodities, month by month, from January, 1900, to December, A description of the two classes will be found on page 8.

20 to o R E L A T IV E P R IC E S O F A L L C O M M O D ITIE S, B Y M O N T H S, J A N U A R Y, 1909, T O D E C E M B E R, [ for 1890 to 1899=100.] RELATIVE PRICES 1909 t9to. 79> US 19/2 19/3 JAN APR. JULY OCT JAN. APR. JULY OCT JAN. ~APR. ' JU Cf OCT. JAN. ' APR. JULY OCT. JAN. APR JULY OCT. DFC. 138 /36 i Jv j i / 134. i r N L.( 'v, j*' sl l > < r - / r 132 i A <f V / P130 / S S! L j *r ( \ S S» <A K128 t / N \ J26 >«1i 724 > <A H6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS,

21 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO R E L A T IV E P R IC E S OF R A W COM M ODITIES, OF M A N U F A C T U R E D COM M O D ITIE S, A N D O F A L L COM M ODITIES F O R EAC H M O N TH, J A N U A R Y, 1900, TO D E C E M B E R, [ for =100.] RAW COMMODITIES. Year. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. N ov. Dec. Yearly average MANUFACTURED COMMODITIES ALL COMMODITIES The course of s of raw and manufactured commodities from January, 1909, to December, 1913, is shown, by months, in the following chart. The years 1900 to 1908 are omitted for lack of space.

22 R A W MANUFACTURED K o 2zS h3 W QQ?!z{ I 8 00 H 1 % 8 p o K to HW R E L A T IV E P R IC E S O F R A W A N D M A N U F A C T U R E D C O M M O D IT IE S, B Y to to

23 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO only contract or expand the supply and consequently tend to increase or the of a commodity, but also or increase, to a greater or less degree, the purchasing power of such communities as are dependent in whole or in part upon such commodity; changes in demand due to changes in fashions, seasons, etc.; legislation changing internal-revenue taxes, import duties, or bounties; inspection as to purity or adulteration; use of other articles as substitutes as, for instance, an advance in the of beef will cause an increased consumption of pork and mutton and, it may be added, a probable increase in the of both pork and mutton; improvements in methods of production which will tend to give either a better article for the same or an equal article for a lower ; cheapening of transportation or handling; speculative manipulation of the supply or of the raw product; commercial panic or depression; expanding or contracting credit; overproduction; unusual demand owing to steady employment of consumers; short supply owing to disputes between labor and capital in industries of limited producing capacity, as in the anthracite coal industry; organization or combination of mills or producers, thus enabling, on the one hand, a greater or less control of s or, on the other hand, economies in production or in transportation charges through the ability to supply the article from the point of production or manufacture nearest the purchaser. No conclusion can be formed safely as to causes without an examination of the possible influence of several in some cases perhaps all of these causes. For example, the various internal-revenue and tariff acts have, in a marked degree, no doubt, affected the s of proof spirits, of tobacco, of sugar, and of textiles; but, on the other hand, they have not been alone in their influences, and it probably would not in all cases be accurate to give the change of tax or duty as representing the measure of a certain and definite influence on the s of those commodities. EXPLANATION OF TABLES. The general statistical tables of this report are two in number, entitled as follows: I. Wholesale s of commodities, January to December, IX. wholesale s of commodities for each year, 1890 to 1913, and for each month of Table /. Wholesale s of commodities during 1913, pages 33 to 82. This table shows in detail the actual s from January to December, 1913, as obtained for the several commodities embraced by this report. In 1901 the Bureau collected data relating to the wholesale s of the principal staple commodities sold in the United States for the period from 1890 to 1901, inclusive. The actual s for

24 24 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. the 12 years and the relative s computed therefrom were published in Bulletin No. 39, issued in March, The purpose of the investigation was to furnish a continuous record of wholesale s and to show the changes in the general level from year to year. The investigation thus begun has been continued each year and the results published 1 to show actual s for the year immediately preceding and relative s for the period since The present bulletin contains actual s for January to December, 1913, and yearly average and relative s for the 24 years from 1890 to In these reports wholesale s have been presented for a large number of carefully selected representative staple articles secured in representative markets of the United States. That it would be impossible to secure s for all articles in all markets is obvious. In the present report s are given for 252 articles. With few exceptions these articles are of the same description as those which have been covered in the preceding reports on this subject, though several commodities shown for 1908 to 1913 were not included in previous years. There is not space within a bulletin article to publish in full the actual s for all commodities for the entire 24-year period. Prices for 1890 to 1912 may be found, however, in various bulletins of this Bureau.1 It is important that the greatest care be exercised in the choice of commodities in order that a simple average of their relative s shall show a general level, and it has been the aim of the Bureau to select only important and representative articles in each group. The use of a large number of articles, carefully selected, minimizes the effect on the general level of an unusual change in the of any one article or of a few articles. Reference to the tables will show that more than one series of s has been given in the case of articles of great importance. This has been done for the purpose of giving weight to these important commodities. This method has been employed by Mr. Sauerbeck in his English s, as explained in Bulletin No. 39, and the approximate accuracy of the same has been proved by various tests based on the amount of consumption, etc. Other methods of weighting have been i attempted in connection with compilations of relative s. One employed by European statisticians is to measure the importance of each commodity by its annual consumption for the entire nation, the annual consumption being found by adding to the home production the amount imported and subtracting the amount exported. The method employed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in its publication of Retail Prices of Food in the Eighteenth Annual Report and in its bulletins upon retail s consists in giving to the various articles of food an importance based i Bulletins 39, 45, 51,57, 63, 69, 75, 81, 87, 93, 99, and 114.

25 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO upon their average consumption in normal families. While it is possible to determine the relative importance as far as the consumption of food is concerned, there are, of course, many commodities the importance of which can not be measured by this method. It has been thought best in the present series of index numbers to use simply a large number of representative staple articles, selecting them in such a manner as to make them, to a large extent, weight themselves. Upon a casual examination it may seem that by this method a comparatively unimportant commodity such, for instance, as tea has been given the same weight or importance as one of the more important commodities, such as wheat. A closer examination, however, will disclose the fact that tea enters into no other commodity under consideration, while wheat is not only quoted in the raw state, but enters into the two descriptions of wheat flour, the two descriptions of crackers, and the two descriptions of loaf bread. In securing these s an effort has been made to include staple commodities only. In a number of instances it was found possible to continue s for the same commodities that were included in the Report on Wholesale Prices, Wages, and Transportation, submitted by Mr. Aldrich, from the Senate Committee on Finance, March 3, Many articles which were included in that report are no longer manufactured, or, if still manufactured, have ceased to be important factors in the market. On the other hand, a number of articles not shown in that report have become of such importance as to render necessary their inclusion in any study of the course of s. Although in the case of commodities of great importance more than one series of quotations has been used, in no case has an article of a particular description been represented by more than one series of quotations from the same market. For this reason the terms series of quotations and commodities have been used interchangeably in this report. In the record of s from 1890 to 1913, 234 series of quotations have been presented for the entire period and an additional 38 for some portion of the period. Of the latter number, 20 articles have been discontinued, as follows: No quotations are shown for imported tin plate since 1898; for Ashton s salt since 1903; for beaver overcoatings since 1905; for sun-dried apples, nutmegs, cotton and wool blankets, split boots, men s 84-needle hose, linen thread, all-wool chinchilla overcoatings, shawls, Atlantic brown sheetings, Hope bleached sheetings, and indigo 16-ounce suitings since 1907; for cotton-warp chinchilla overcoatings since 1908, for Vienna loaf bread and 89 refining sugar since 1911, and for salt'beef hams, ingrain carpets and Atlantic bleached sheetings since The actual s of the

26 26 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. above-named articles are not shown in any table in this presentation, and those wishing to secure them for the years for which quoted may do so by consulting preceding bulletins upon wholesale s. As may be seen by reference to Table II, 2 articles were quoted for the first time in 1892, 2 in 1893, 1 in 1894, 3 in 1895, 1 in 1896, 1 in 1897, and 11 in In all there are 252 series of quotations in the report for Material changes in the description of 3 articles were made in 1902, of 2 articles in 1903, of 1 article in 1904, of 4 articles in 1905, of 6 articles in 1906, of 3 articles in 1907, of 19 articles in 1908, of 1 article in 1909, of 2 articles in 1910, of 4 articles in 1911, of 4 articles in 1912, and of 16 articles in For 7 of these articles the trade journals no longer supply satisfactory quotations, the manufacture of the particular grades of 15 previously quoted has been discontinued by the establishments heretofore furnishing quotations, and for 43 articles the substituted descriptions more nearly represent the present demands of the trade. In making these substitutions, articles were supplied corresponding as closely as possible to those which were previously used. The s quoted in every instance are wholesale s. Wholesale s have invariably been used in compilations made for the purpose of showing changes in the general level of all commodities. They are more sensitive than retail s and more quickly reflect changes in conditions, and, too, it is much more difficult to follow the changes in the quality of commodities quoted in retail s than in wholesale s. Retail s usually follow the wholesale, but not always with the same degree of variation. The margin between them in the case of some commodities is so great that slight changes in the wholesale do not affect the retail Changes in the wholesale which last for a short time only do not usually result in corresponding changes in the retail The net cash s are shown for textiles and all articles whose list s are subject to large and varying discounts. In the case of a number of articles, such as white pine, nails, etc., however, whose s are subject to a small discount for cash, no deduction has been made. The s have been collected from the best available sources standard trade journals for 129 articles, officials of boards of trade for 9 articles, chambers of commerce for 1 article, produce exchanges for 7 articles, leading manufacturers or their selling agents for 105 articles, and a Government bureau for 1 article. It has been the aim in compiling these s to secure the quotations for the various commodities from their primary markets. For example, the s quoted for grains and live stock are from the

27 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Chicago market, pig iron from Pittsburgh, petroleum at the wells, tar from Wilmington, N. C., etc. About one-half of the quoted s are the s in the New York market. The s for textiles are the s in the general distributing markets, such as New York, Boston, and Philadelphia; and where no market is mentioned in the prefatory note to the article in Table I it should be understood that the s are for the general market. The following table shows the different markets represented and the number of articles in each group quoted for each market: N U M B E R OF COM M ODITIES OR SERIE S OF Q U O TATIO N S C LASSIFIE D B Y M A R K E T S FOR W HICH PRICES W ER E SECURED, Market. Farm products. Food, etc. Cloths and clothing. Fuel and lighting. Metals and* implements. Lum ber and building materials. Drugs and chemicals. Housefurnishinggoods. Miscellaneous. Total. New Y ork Chicago Factory, mine, wells, e tc Pittsburgh Philadelphia Boston Trenton, N.J Cincinnati Eastern markets (Balt., Boston, N. Y., P h ila.) East St. Louis, Louisville, K y Peoria, HI Minneapolis, Minn Washington, D. C 1 1 W ilmington, N. C General m arket T otal As regards the description of the commodity it should be stated that the greatest care has been taken to secure s throughout the period from 1890 to 1913 for a commodity of precisely the same description. Changes in quality, are, of course, reflected in s, and for this reason note has been made of any important changes which have occurred. In the case of certain commodities, such as butter, eggs, etc., s for the best quality have been taken in order to avoid frequent changes in grade. It should also be stated in this connection that in the case of commodities for which s were secured from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter the lowest quotations were taken where a range of s was found, because of the fact that in that publication these represent the s of large lots, while the highest quotations represent the s of smaller lots. Weekly quotations have been secured in the case of all articles which are subject to frequent fluctuations in, such as butter, cheese, eggs, grain, live stock, meats, etc. In the case of articles

28 28 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. whose s are more stable, monthly quotations have been taken. The following table shows the number of commodities or series of weekly and monthly quotations: N U M B ER O F COMMODITIES OR SER IES OF Q U O TATIO N S, C LASSIFIE D AS TO T H E IR FREQUEN CY OF QUOTATION, Frequency of quotation. Farm products. Food, etc. Cloths and clothing. Fuel and lighting. Metals and implements. Lum ber and building materials. Drugs and chemicals. House furnishing goods. Miscellaneous. Total. W eekly M onthly Total The character of each series of quotations as regards frequency is shown in all cases in Table I in a prefatory note, which states the date of the quotations and, if weekly, whether the quotations are for some particular day of the week, the average for the week, or the range for the week. The majority of the weekly quotations show the on Tuesday, but if for any reason the was not obtainable on the particular day stated, the first in the week has been taken. The quotations from trade and other journals, when credited to the first of each month, are not in all instances the for the exact day stated, as it is a common practice of the daily papers which make a specialty of market reports to devote certain days to the review of the market of certain articles. The s are, however, the earliest s quoted in the journal to which the article is credited. It should also be stated that the monthly s credited to weekly publications are the earliest quotations shown in such publications for each In many localities the of bread per loaf is not affected by changes in the of flour, yet the weight of the loaf is changed from time to time. With the advance in the of flour, the weight of the loaf is d in some localities. For this reason the relative s of bread are computed on the pound and not per loaf. Table I shows the loaf, and in the prefatory note to that article the pound, and the weight each month from January to December, The average for the year was obtained by dividing the sum of the quotations for a given commodity by the number of quotations shown. For example, the sum of the 52 Tuesday s s of cotton for 1913 (shown on p. 34) was $ This total divided by 52 gives $ as the average for the year. When a range was shown the mean for each date was found, and this was used in computing the yearly average as above described. The reader will understand that, in order to secure for any commodity a

29 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO strictly scientific average for the year, one must know the quantity marketed and the for which each unit of quantity was sold. It is manifestly impossible to secure such detail, and even if it were possible the labor and cost involved in such a compilation would be prohibitive. It is believed that the method adopted here, which is also that used in the construction of other index numbers, secures results which are quite as valuable for all practical purposes. The of 8-penny nails quoted in this report is, by the established nail card of the trade, uniformly 10 cents per 100 pounds higher than the base, the given in market quotations. For an explanation of the nail card, the reader is referred to Bulletin No. 39, page 226. The s for the two quotations of wool appearing in this report were obtained as for washed wool and then reduced to the scouredwool basis by increasing the in proportion to the amount of shrinkage. Table II. wholesale s of commodities for each year 1890 to 1913, andfor eachmonthof This table shows for each commodity the average for each of the 24 years from 1890 to 1913 and for each month from January to December, In the parallel column following the average column is given the relative for each month; that is, the per cent that the in each month is of the average for the 10 years from 1890 to In the line above the for 1890 is given the average for the 10-year period taken as the basis of comparison. The third column compares each month with the preceding year or month and shows the per cent or for the two years or months. The average for each month was obtained, as has been explained on page 28, by dividing the sum of the quotations shown in Table I by the number of quotations. The average for articles in which a range is quoted is computed from the mean of the two s limiting the range. It was impossible to secure quotations during all of the months of 1913 for 13 of the 252 articles, viz: Buckwheat flour, cabbage, onions, and all the 10 descriptions of lumber. For the 11 articles quoted in 1908 for the first time, no monthly or yearly relative could be computed because the average for the base period of 10 years was not secured. However, these articles have been given due weight in the general groups to which they belong. See discussion on page 32. In reducing a series of actual s to relative s or index numbers a base must first be chosen, and this may be either a single quotation, the average for one year, or the average for two or

30 30 BULLETIN' OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. more years. If the for a single year is chosen, it is desirable that that year be a normal one, for if s are high in the year chosen for the base any subsequent fall will be unduly emphasized, while on the other hand, if s are low any subsequent rise will be unduly emphasized. For the reason that all the commodities probably never present a normal condition as regards s in any one year, it was decided that an average for a number of years would better reflect average or approximately normal conditions and form a broader and more satisfactory base than would the for any single year. The period chosen as this base was that from 1890 to 1899 a period of 10 years. For the 10 articles that do not show s for the entire period of 10 years the base in each case is the average of the years prior to and including The relative s as shown in this and other tables have been calculated in the usual manner and represent simply the percentage which each monthly or yearly is of the base The average for the first 10 years of the period that is, the base always represents 100, and the percentages for each month or year enable the reader to measure readily the rise and fall, from month to month or from year to year, of the s of each single commodity, of any group of commodities, or of all the commodities involved. These commodities are arranged in alphabetical order under each of the nine general groups, as in Table I. In order that the method pursued may be more readily understood, the reader is referred to the table itself, as given on pages 83 to 176. Taking up the first commodity shown under grain, barley, we find that the average bushel for the base period, 1890 to 1899, inclusive,. was cents; the average for January, 1913, was cents; that for February was cents; the average for 1913 was cents, etc. The relative for the base period, as heretofore explained, is always 100, and is so given in the table. The relative for January, 1913, is shown to be 152.5, or 52.5 per cent higher than the base or average for the 10 years. In February the relative was 147.5, or 47.5 per cent above the base, etc. The relative for the year 1913 was 153.1, or 53.1 per cent above the base. The remainder of the table may be analyzed in a similar manner. The value of s given in this relative form, it will readily be seen, consists in the means afforded for tracing and measuring the changes from month to month, from year to year, or from period to period, and more especially in the grouping of the s of a sufficient number of commodities to show the general level. It must not be assumed that a system of relative s of representative commodities will enable one to trace the causes of changes in the general level or to determine the effect of such changes on any class of consumers or on all consumers. The use of such a system

31 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO is to show the general course of s from time to time of one commodity, or of a group of commodities. It is stated on page 26 that certain articles are no longer quoted and other articles of the same class have been substituted. In explanation of the method of computing the relative s of these articles the general statement may be made that in any year where it was found necessary to introduce an article to replace another, the relative assigned to the new article for that year was identical with the relative already - ascertained for its predecessor for the same year. In other words, it is assumed that if the of a commodity in any year, as represented by the of a particular grade of the commodity in question, be correctly expressed by the relative number assigned it, then its in the same year may continue to be expressed by assigning this same relative number to a new grade of the commodity when substituted for the former grade. Thus taking harness leather as an illustration, it may be understood that during the years when country middles were quoted they were assumed to represent the several grades of harness leather; that is, that the course of s of a standard grade of oak harness leather in an index of s fairly represents the course of s of the various grades of oak harness leather. Therefore, when it became necessary to substitute, in 1902, packers hides for the country middles, s were secured for packers hides in 1901 and this figure ($ per pound) was regarded as having the same relative value as the of country middles ($ per pound), or (See Table II, p. 118.) In 1902 the of packers hides remained the same as in Therefore, in 1902 the relative of oak harness leather as represented by packers hides, was the same as or 100 per cent of the relative in 1901, which was Again, the average of oak harness leather in 1903 was per cent of the average in Therefore the relative in 1903 was per cent of the relative in 1902, which gives as the relative in Similarly, the actual in 1913 was found to be per cent of the in 1912 and per cent of 131.9, the relative in 1912, produced as the relative in (See Table II, p. 118.) This method was used in computing relative s for each The same method of computing the relative s was followed for flaxseed, sheep, beans, crackers, codfish, herring, onions, blankets, boots and shoes, calico, drillings, hosiery, leather, overcoatings, serge, sheetings, shirtings, middlesex suitings, women s dress goods, worsted yarns, matches, augers, axes, bar iron, butts, copper, hammers, planes, trowels, vises, doors, plate glass, white pine, shingles, earthenware teacups and saucers, bed-room sets, cottonseed oil, jute, and tobacco. For trouserings and underwear the exact grade quoted for 1903 was not manu

32 32 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. factured in The manufacturer of trouserings, however, estimated in 1903 that one half of the advance in over the for the grade quoted for previous years was due to the fact that it was a better article and the other half to the advance in of material and cost of manufacture. The advance was $ per yard over the in 1902; one-half of this, $ , was added to the 1902 of the 22 to 23 ounce trouserings to secure a theoretical 1902 for the 21 to 22 ounce trouserings, and the 1903 relative was then computed as above. Underwear was arbitrarily given the same relative in 1903 as in 1902, as the all-wool underwear manufactured by the same firm showed no change in In 1904 and following years relative s of trouserings and underwear were found in the same way as explained above for harness leather. In 1908, as elsewhere stated, a number of articles were quoted for the first time. Kelative s for these articles could not be computed, as the s for the base period, 1890 to 1899, were not obtained. As these articles were added, however, to make a larger representation for the groups in which they were included, it was deemed necessary to carry their into the group averages. Up to this time such averages were simple averages of the relative s of the several articles in the group, but as relative s for these articles could not be computed a different method had to be followed, which is here briefly explained. When the 1908 s were obtained s were obtained for The 1908 for each article, old and new, was divided by the 1907, giving a percentage based on the 1907 These several percentages for the articles in the group were then added and divided by the number of such percentages, giving an average percentage showing the per cent the for the group in 1908 was of the for the group in The relative of the group for 1907 having been established in the preceding report, such relative for 1907 was multiplied by the average percentage above described, producing the relative for the group in This method of obtaining the yearly relative for a group was followed in obtaining the monthly relative for a group, the yearly average actual in 1907 being used as the base and divided into each monthly actual in In other words, having obtained the average percentage for a group, the relative for a group was computed, as was the relative for a single article when a substitution was made therein, for an explanation of which see page 31. This system also was followed in computing the relative for all commodities taken as a whole. s for the succeeding years and months were computed by the same method. The general tables follow.

33 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y T O D E C E M B E R, [For explanation and discussion of this table, see p. 23.] F A R M P R O D U C TS. BARLEY: Choice to fancy malting, by samples. [Price per bushel of 48 pounds, in Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from The Daily Trade Bulletin.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.68-$0.71 A p r $0.62-$0.66 J u l y $0.63 O ct ' Feb M a y Aug N ov * Mar J u n e S e p t D ec CATTLE: Steers, choice to prime, corn fed. [Price per 100 pounds, live weight, in Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.] Jan A p r J u ly O ct Feb i5 May A u g N ov... S.9th Mar J u n e S e p t Dec CATTLE: Steers, good to choice, corn fed. [Price per 100 pounds, live weight, in Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.] Jan A p r Ju ly $8.80 O ct... $8.65-$ Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec *. $ B ull

34 34 BULLETIN OP THE BUBEAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y T O D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. F A R M P R O D U C T S Continued. CORN: Contract grades, cash. [Price per bushel of 56 pounds shelled, or 70 pounds in the ear, in Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.48 -$0.48* A p r $0.54 -$0.54* July $0.60*-$0.60f O ct... $0.70 -$0.70*.49* * * *-.69* *.55* * * * * * *.65*-.65* Feb * M a y *- -fs A u g....69*-.69* N ov....71* *.56* * *.49* *-.57* 9 77*.73*-.73* * *.75* * Mar....50*-.51 J u n e S ept....75*-.76 D ec * *.58*-.58* *.71* *.62*-.62*.74*-.74* * *-.60*.74* *.69* $ COTTON: Upland, middling. [Price per pound, in New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $ A pr $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb M ay A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept.1300 D ec $ FLAXSEED: No. 1, cash. [Price per bushel of 56 pounds, in Minneapolis, on the first of each month; quotations from the Daily Market Record.] Jan... F eb... Mar... $1.25*-$l * 1.27*- 1.29* A p r... M a y... J u n e... $1.23*-$l. 26* 1.32* *- 1.30* J u ly... A u g... S ept... $1.35*-$l. 36* * * O ct... N ov... D ec... $1.40*-$l. 44* 1.34*- 1.37* *. $ HAY: Timothy, No. 1. [Price per ton of 2,000 pounds, in Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily inter Ocean.] Jan... $16.50-$17.50 A pr $15.00-$16.00 July $13.50-$14.50 O ct... $18.50-$ F eb M ay Aug N ov OO Mar J u n e S ep t D ec $

35 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. F A R M P R O D U C TS Continued. HIDES: Green, salted, packers*, heavy native steers. [Price per pound, in Chicago, on the first of each month; quotations from the Shoe and Leather Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb... Mar... $ * A p r May J u n e... $0.17 -$0.17*.16* *17 J u ly... A u g... S ept... $0.17*-$0.17 O ct... N ov... D ec... $0.19. m. 19. $ HOGS: Heavy (range of quotations for selected 260 to 300 pounds packing and fair to fancy heavy shipping). [Price per 100 pounds, live weight, in Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.] Jan... $7.50 -$7.60 A p r $8.95 -$ 9.15 J u ly... $8.85 -$9.10 Oct... $8.30 -$ * * * * F eb * M a y * A u g N ov *- 8.67* Mar * J u n e * S e p t D ec *- 8.67* * * * * * $ HOGS: Light (range of quotations for common to choice, light bacon, and fair to fancy selected butchers). [Price per 100 pounds, live weight, in Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.] Jan... $7; 40-$7.60 A pr $9.05 -$9.27* J u ly... $8.95-$9.17* O ct... $8.35-$ F eb M ay A u g N ov * * * Mar J u n e S ep t D ec * * $ HOPS: New York State, prime to choice. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $0.30-$0.32 A pr $0.21-$0.23 J u ly... $0.17-$0.19 O ct... $0.20-$0.25 F eb M ay A u g N ov... i Mar J u n e S ep t D ec crop.. $0.2663

36 36 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T able I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S OP C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y T O D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. F A R M P R O D U C T S Continued. HORSES: Draft, choice to extra. [Price per head, in Chicago, on Wednesday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... * A p r $ July $ O ct... $ C1) F eb May A u g N ov M ar J u n e S ept D ec $ MULES: Medium to extra (16 hands from January to second week in February, 16 to 16$ hands from third week in February to December). [Price per head, in East St. Louis, 111., on Monday of each week; quotations from the Daily National Live Stock Reporter.] J a n... $ F e b M a r A p r $ M a y J u n e J u l y... $ A u g S e p t O c t... $ N o v D e c A v e ra g e. $ OATS: Contract grades, cash. [Price per bushel of 32 pounds, in Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] J a n... $0.32 A p r $0.34 J u ly... $0.40$ O c t... $0.40$. 32f.34$.40$.38$.33$.34$.37$.37$.32$.39$.38$ *34$.40$ F e b....33$ M a y....35$ A u g....40$ N o v....37$.34$ $.33.38$.41$.38$.34$.41 40$.38$ M a r J u n e....39$ S e p t....41# D e c....38$.32.38$.42$ $ 0.39$-$0.39$ $.32$.40$ Ulf a 8 A vera ge. $ No quotation.

37 W H O LESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T able I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y T O D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. F A R M PRODUCTS-Continued. POULTRY: Live, fowls (by freight), choice. [Price per pound, in New York, on Saturday of each week; quotations from the National Provisioner.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.15 -SO.15* A pr $0.18*-$0.19* J u ly... $0.16 O ct... $0.18 -SO * *-.19*.18*.14*-.Ifi.16* *-.19*.18*.15* *.18 F eb * M a y A u g....15* N ov *.18.15*.13.16* *.15*.13*.13* Mar J u n e Sept.16 D ec....16*.16*.19*.15.16*.17*.19* $ RYE: No..2, cash. r Price per bushel of 56 pounds, in Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan... $0.64 A p r $0.60 J u l y... $0.61 Oct... $0.66*-$0.67 $0.64*-.65 $ * $ * *.64*-.65*.63* *.64* *-.64* *.63* F eb....63* *-.65 M a y....63* A u g....62*-.63* Nov * *-.63*.64*.62* * * *-.70*.64 Mar J u n e S e p t....68* D ec * *.64.59*-.60* * $ SHEEP: Native wethers, poor to prime. [Price per 100 pounds, live weight, in Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.] Jan... $5.00-$5.50 A p r $6.65-$7.35 J u l y... $4.50-$5.25 O ct... $4.50-$ F eb M a y OO A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ Shorn and wooled wethers of all kinds and grades.

38 38 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y T O D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. F A R M P R O D U C T S Continued. SHEEP: Western wethers, plain to prime. [Price per 100 pounds, live weight, in Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Chicago Daily Farmers and Drovers Journal.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $ A p r $6.50-$7.40 J u l y... $4.40-$5.15 O ct... $4.40-$ : F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ TOBACCO: Burley, dark red, good leaf. [Price per 100 pounds, in Louisville, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Western Tobacco Journal.] Jan... $11.50-$13.00 A p r $11.00-$13.00 J u l y... $12.00-$14.00 O ct... $14.00-$ CO F eb... N ov M a y A u g GO SO Mar... D ec IL so J u n e GO S e p t GO il CO $ WHEAT: No. 1, Northern spring, cash. [Price per bushel of 60 pounds, in Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade - Bulletin.] Jan... $0.89 -$0.90 A pr $0.90 -$0.91* J u ly... $0.91 $C).95 O ct... $0.87f-$0.88* * * * * * * *-.94*.95.91* *.92* * F eb....91*-.92* M a y f A u g f-.93 N ov....88* *.91*- I92I *-.90* *.91*-.93*.91*-.89* * !.90*-.91* Mar * J u n e....92*-.94 S ept D ec * * *.92f-.93f.91*-.92* *.93* * * *-.88* f-.91. $ Shorn and wooled wethers of all kinds.

39 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. F A R M P R O D U C TS Concluded. WHEAT: No. 2, Red winter, cash. [Price per bushel of 60 pounds, in Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $1.10*-$1. 12* A pr $1.02 -$1.07 J u l y... $0.93 -$0.94 O ct... $0.91*-$0.93* l. l l f f * *. 86f.89* !85p.88.87*.92*-.95* F eb M a y A ug 84 J.87* N ov....92*-.95* *.84*-.87*.93*-.96* ' *.93*-.95* * f *.9 3 f-.95* Mar * J u n e J- 1.06* S ept....88*-.91 D ec f * * * * * *-.92*-! 93*.94*.9 4 f f-.96!. $ FO O D, E T C. BEANS: Medium, choice. [Price per 100 pounds, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $4.20-$4.30 A p r $3.85-$3.90 J u l y... $4.05-$4.10 O ct... $3.75-$3.80 Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ BREAD: Crackers, oyster, puff, in boxes. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each m onth.] Jan... $0.06* A p r $0.06* J u ly... $0.06* O ct... $0.06* F eb....06* M a y....06* A u g....06* N ov * Mar....06* J u n e....06* S ept....06* D ec * $ BREAD: Crackers, soda, in boxes, containing 3 dozen each. [Price per pound, in New Y ork, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.06* A p r... $0.06* J u ly... $0.06* Oct... $0.06* F eb... M a y....06* A u g....06* N ov....06* Mar...!o6* June....06* S ept... D ec....06*. $ BREAD: Loaf (after baking, 15 ounces). [Price per loaf, in Washington, on the first of each Weight before baking, 16 ounces. Price per pound (before baking), $ ] Jan... $0.04 A pr $0.04 J u ly... $0.04 Oct... $0.04 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar Ju n e S ept D ec $0.0400

40 40 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, T a b l e I, W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. FO O D, E T C, Continued. BREAD: Loaf, homemade. [Price per loaf, in New York, on the first of each Weight before baking, 15 to 15* ounces. Price per pound (before baking), $ to $ ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.04 A p r $0.04 J u ly... $0.04 O ct... $.04 F eb M a y A u g N ov..*..04 Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ BUTTER: Creamery, Elgin. [Price per pound, at Elgin, 111., on Monday of each week; quotations from the Elgin Dairy Report.] Jan... $0.34 A p r $0.32 July -.. $0.26* O ct... $0.31 $ * * * * F eb M a y Aug....26* N ov * * *.27.27*.32 Mar J u n e S e p t D ec * *.31.35*. $ BUTTER: Creamery, extra. [Price per pound, in New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $0.36 -$0.36* Apr $0.35 July $0.26* O c t... $0.31*-$ * $0.27* * * *.26* * * * * $0.30f f F eb....36*-.37 M ay....28*-.29 A ug * Nov * * *.33*-.34* * * *.27*.29*-.29* Mar....36*-.37 June...28*-.28* Sept * Dec * * * *.35* * * *-.27* *.30* *-.37*.36*-.37*. $ BUTTER: Dairy, New York State, tubs, finest. [Price per pound, in New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $0.32-$0.34 A p r $0.34 J u ly... $0.25*-$0.26 O ct... $0.30 -$0.30* $ * * * *.25*-.26 F eb M a y * A u g....25*-.26 N ov *.25* *.33* * * *.27.27* Mar J u n e....27* S e p t....28*-.29 D ec * * * * $0.3040

41 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I.--W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. FOOD, E T C. Continued. CANNED GOODS: Corn, Republic No. 2, fancy. [Price per dozen cans (can contains 20 ounces net), in New York, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.95 A pr $0.95 J u ly... $0.95 O ct... $0.95 Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar June S e p t D ec $ CANNED GOODS: Peas, Republic No. 2, sifted. [Price per dozen cans (can contains 19 ounces net), in New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $1.65 Apr $1.65 July... $1.65 Oct... $1.65 Feb M ay A ug Nov Mar June Sept Dec $ CANNED GOODS: Tomatoes, Arlington, standard, New Jersey, No. 3. [Price per dozen cans (5-inch can contains 34 ounces net), in New Y ork, on the first of each ] Jan... $1.30 A pr----- $1.30 J u ly... $1.30 O ct... $1.30 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ CHEESE: New York State, full cream, large, colored, fancy. [Price per pound, in New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $0.17 -$0.17f A pr $0.16 -$0,161 J u ly... $0.14 O ct... $0, $0, $ F eb M a y A u g N ov f Mar J u n e Sept.151 D ec f $ COFFEE: Rio No; 7, Brazil grades. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $0.131-$0.14 :ill Apr May... June... $0. llf-$0.12 HI July... Aug... Sept... $0.09!-$0.09I Oct... Nov *. Dec... $0, $0, $0.1113

42 42 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. FOOD, E T C. Continued. EGGS: New laid, State, Pennsylvania and nearby, range of hennery and fresh=gathered white. [Price per dozen in New York on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.28-$0.36 A pr----- $0.19 -$0.21 J u l y... $0.24-$0.29 O ct... $0.32-$ ! F eb M a y A u g N o v ! Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ PISH: Cod, whole fish, dry, bank, large. [Price per 100 pounds, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Fishing Gazette.] Jan... $7.50-$8.00 A pr----- $7.50-$8.00 J u ly... $7.50-$8.00 O ct... $7.75-$8.25 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ep t D ec $ PISH: Herring, pickled, Newfoundland Split, large No. 1. [Price per barrel of pounds, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Fishing Gazette.] Jan... $6.50-$6.75 A pr----- $6.50-$6.75 J u ly... $6.50-$6.75 O ct... $6.50-$6.75 F eb M a y A u g N ov M ar J u n e S ept D ec $ PISH: Mackerel, salt, large No. 3s. [Price per barrel, 200 pounds net, in Boston, on the first of each ] Jan... $11.00 A pr $11.00 J u ly... $12.00 O ct... $10.50 F eb M ay...* A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept D ec $ PISH: Salmon, canned, Columbia River, l«pound tails (Chinook fancy). [Price per dozen 1-pound cans, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $2.20-$2.25 A pr $2.20-$2.25 J u ly... $2.20-$2.25 O ct... $2.20-$2.25 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept D ec $2.2250

43 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O P C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D ECEM BER, 1913 Continued. F O O D, E T C. Continued. FLOUR: Buckwheat. [Price per 100 pounds, in New Y ork, on the first of each month; quotations from the New Y ork Journal of Commerce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $2.25 A p r 0 ) J u ly... 0 ) O ct... $3.00 F eb May 0 ) Aug 0 ) N ov Mar J u n e... (l) S e p t... 0 ) D ec $ FLOUR: Rye (range, in jute and In wood). [Price per barrel of 196 pounds, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $3.45-$4.05 A p r $3.40-$3.90 J u ly... $3.40-$3.90 O ct... $3.50-$4.10 Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept D ec $ FLOUR: Wheat, spring patents (range, in sacks and barrels). [Price per barrel of 196 pounds, in New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations furnished b y the statis- * tician of the New York Produce Exchange.] Jan... $4.25-$4.70 A p r $ J u ly... $4.45-$4.90 O ct... $4.20-$ Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ FLOUR: Winter straights (range, in sacks and barrels). [Price per barrel of 196 pounds, in New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations furnished b y the statistician of the New York Produce Exchange.] Jan... $4.30-$4.70 A p r $4.25-$ F eb M a y Mar * 4.65 J u n e J u ly... $4.55-$4.85 O ct... $ A u g N o v S e p t D ec $ No quotation.

44 44 BULLETIN OF THE BUKEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. FO O D, ETC, Continued. FRUIT: Apples, evaporated, choice. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each m onth; quotations from the New Y ork Journal of Commerce.] Month. Price. M onth.. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... F eb... Mar... $0.06f-$0.07i.06*-.06* * A pr M a y... June... $0.06 -$0.06*.06* J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $0.06*-$0.06f *.07*-.08 O ct... N ov... D ec... $0.08 -$0.08*.07f.00 -,09. $ FRUIT: Currants, uncleaned, in barrels. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each m onth; quotations from the New Y ork Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $0.07*-$0.07* A p r $0.07 -$0.07* J u ly... $0.06*-$0.07 O ct... $0.06f-$0.07 F eb....07*-.07* M a y....06*-.07 A u g....06*-.07 N ov * Mar * J u n e....06*-.07 S e p t....06*-.07 D ec $ FRUIT: Prunes, California, 60s to 70s, in 50-pound boxes. I [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... i$q.061-$0.06* Feb....05*-.06 Mar A p r.;.. M a y... J u n e... $0.05-$0.05* * J u ly... A ug S e p t... $0.06 -$0.06* O ct... N ov D ec... $0.07*-$0.07*.08*-.08* $ FRUIT: Raisins, California, London layer. [Price per box of 23 pounds net, in New Y ork, on the first of each m onth; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $1.40-$l. 45 A p r $ July $1.20-$l. 40 O ct... $ F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar... \ J u n e S e p t D ec $ GLUCOSE: 42 mixing. [Price per 100 pounds, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $1.84 A pr $2.01 J u ly... $2.11 O ct... $2.41 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ In 25-pound boxes.

45 WHOLESALE PEICES, 1890 TO Table I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y T O D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. F O O D, E T C. Continued. LARD: Prime contract. [Price per pound, id New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations furnished by the statistician of the New York Produce Exchange.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $ $ A p r $ $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ $ N ov Feb M a y A u g D ec Mar J u n e S e p t $ MEAL: Corn, fine white. [Price per 100 pounds, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New Y ork Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $1.40-$l.45 A p r $1.30-$1.35 J u ly... $1.35-$1.40 O ct... $1.60-$l. 65 Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ MEAL: Corn, fine yellow. [Price per 100 pounds, in New York, on the first of each m onth; quotations from the New Y ork Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $1.40-$l. 45 A p r $1.30-$l. 35 J u ly... $1.35-$l. 40 O ct... $1.60-$l. 65 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ MEAT: Bacon, rough sides (short rib), smoked, loose. [Price per pound, in Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan Feb. Mar. >.10 -$ i H i.io -.ill.10!-.ii.101-.lif.101- lif.11 -.ill.11 -.lif ! ! A p r... May.., June. $0. 11M U * J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $0.13f-$0.13# ! ^ O ct... $0. 12f-$0. 12f i -. 12f. 12f. 12 N ov... *12J * f.122 D ec !. 12* $0.1236

46 46 BULLETIN OF THE BUKEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y T O D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. FO O D, E T C. Continued. MEAT: Bacon, short clear sides, smoked, loose. [Price per pound, in Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.10f-$ ? *. 11*-. l i t Feb *- i l l l i f u Mar i l l ii Apr. $0. 12*-$0. 12]. 12* * * *-. 12 M a y... J u n e... :8 t ] f -. 12] *-.13].13*-.13] J u ly... A u g... S ept... O ct... N ov... D ec... $0.13 -$ f -. 12*. 12J * * *.13* * $ MEAT: Beef, fresh carcass, good native sides. [Price per pound, in Chicago, on Saturday of each week; quotations from the National Provisioner.] MEAT: Beef, fresh, native sides. [Price per pound, in New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the New York Daily Tribune.] Jan. Feb. Mar. $0.10 -$ 0.13* *.09* *-.12* * *-.13* * * A p r M a y... J u n e... $0.12-$ * * *-.13*. 11*-.13* * * * J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $0.12 -$0.13* *. 12*-.13*. 12*-.13* * * * * * O ct... $0.12-$ N ov ] ] D ec ] ] ] $0.1252

47 WHOLESALE PEIOES, 1890 TO T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y T O D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. FO O D, E T C. Continued. MEAT: Beef, salt, extra, mess. [ weekly barrel of 200 pounds, in New York; quotations furnished b y the statistician of the New York Produce Exchange,] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $ $21.00 A p r $ July $18.00-$18.50 O ct... $17.50-$ Feb May A u g N ov Mar June S ept D ec $ MEAT: Hams, smoked, loose. [Price per pound, in Chicago, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jan. Feb. Mar. $0.14f-$0.15* A pr $0.161-$0.16! J u ly... $0.17i-$0.17! O ct J- -15! M a y A u g... 17f N ov f * J f J u n e J S ept D ec i f *171. $0.161-$ * :ir - $ MEAT: Mutton, dressed. [Price per pound, in New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations from the New York Daily Tribune.] Jan... $0.07 -$0.09 A pr $0.11 -$ F eb M ay Mar J u n e J u ly... $0.08 -$0.11 O ct... $0.08 -$ A u g N ov S e p t D ec $0.1025

48 48 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. FO O D, E T C. Continued. MEAT: Porky salt) mess, old to new. [Price per barrel of 230 peunds, in New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations furnished by the statistician of the New Y ork Produce Exchange.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $18.75-$19.25 A pr $22.25-$22.50 July $22.50-$23.00 O ct... $23.75-$ F eb M ay A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept D ec $ MILK: Fresh. I rriee per quart; net at shipping stations subject to freight rate of 26 cents per can of 40 quarts; quotations from the Milk Reporter.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ A pr M ay J u n e... $ July A u g... Sept $ O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $ MOLASSES: New Orleans) open kettle. [Price per gallon, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... F eb... Mar... $0.35-$ A pr M a y... J u n e... $0.35-$ J u ly... A u g... Sept $0.35-$ O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $ POULTRY: Fresh-killed dressed fowls, western, dry packed, dry picked, fancy, 48 to 55 pounds to the dozen. [Price per pound, in New York, each week; quotations from the National Provisioner.] Jan... $0.15 A pr $0.18* J u ly... $0.19* O ct * 16 AOJ 1Q1 i l 6 $0.18*-.19 *!l9 * a s t.17.18* * *18* F eb M a y....18*-.19 A u g....19* N ov j8i * *.19* * $ Mar... $ * J u n e....18* Sept.18*-.19 D ec....17* *.19.18* *.17J.19* * *.19.17*.18. $0.1S24

49 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T able I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O P C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. FO O D, E T C. Continued. RICE: Domestic, choice, head. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce. J Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb... Mar... $ Oof-.05* A pr M a y... J u n e... $0.05f-$0.05* * J u ly... A u g... S ept... $0.05f-$0.05$.05f O ct... N ov... D ec... $0.05f-$ f-.05. $ SALT: American, medium. [Price per barrel of 280 pounds, in Chicago, on the first of each ] Jan... $1.02 A pr $1.02 J u ly... $1.02 O ct... $1.02 Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $1.02 SODA: Bicarbonate of, American. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.01 A pr $0.01 J u ly... $0.01 O ct... $0.01 Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $0.01 SPICES: Pepper, black, Singapore. [Price per pound, in New Y ork, on the first of each m onth; quotations from the New Y ork Journal of 1 * Commerce.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $0. 10f-$ f A p r May J u n e... $0.10 -$ f * J u ly... A u g... S ept... $0. 10f-$ f O ct... N ov... D ec... $0. 11f-$0.111 :St :Sf. $ STARCH: Corn, for culinary purposes, Sunbeam, 48 1-pound packages in box. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.06 A pr $0.06 J u ly... $0.06 O ct... $0.06 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ Bull

50 50 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y T O D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. FO O D, E T C. Continued. SUGAR: 96 Centrifugal. [Net pound, in New Y ork, on Thursday of each week, including import duty of cents per pound; quotations from Willet & Gray s Weekly Statistical Sugar Trade Journal.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. 1 Price. Month. Price. Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb M ay A u g N o v Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ SUGAR: Granulated, in barrels. [Net pound, f. o. b., at New Y ork, on Thursday of each week, including import duty of 1.90 cents per pound; quotations from Willet &Gray s Weekly Statistical Sugar Trade Journal.] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O c t $ M a y Feb Aug N o v J u n e Mar S e p t D ec $ TALLOW. [Price per pound, in New ^Fork, on Tuesday of each week; quotations furnished by the statistician of the New York Produce Exchange.] Jan... $0.06} A pr $0.06} J u ly... $0.06} O ct... $ f.06}.08} m 06f '.06f F eb....06}.08* M ay.06}.08} A u g N o v f Mar....06}.06} m } J u n e....06} S e p t D ec mi mi mi.06.03} $0.0628

51 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P B IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F B O M J A N U A E Y T O D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. F O O D, E T C. Continued. TEA: Formosa, fine. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... F eb... Mar... $0.24-$ A pr M a y... J u n e... $0.24-$ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... g ' O ct... N o v D ec... $0.24-$ $ VEGETABLES, FRESH: Cabbage, white (range of domestic-grown cabbage from native and Danish seed). [Price per ton (2,000 pounds), in New York, on Saturday of each week; quotations from the Producers Price Current.] Jan... $3.00-$9.00 A p r $6. 00-$9.00 J u ly... (l) O ct... $20.00-$ W ) ) F eb M a y A u g... 0 ) N ov ) C1) (J) (0 C1) ) i) 0 ) Mar J u n e... v ) S e p t... $25.00-$30.00 D e c ( i ) (i) ) $ VEGETABLES, FRESH: Onions. [Price per 100-pound bag, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Producers Price Current.] Jan... $0.50-$l. 00 A pr $0.25-$0.50 J u ly... $1.12-$1.50 O ct... $2.50-$3.50 Feb M a y A u g... a N o v Mar Ju n e.. (3) S e p t D ec $ VEGETABLES, FRESH: Potatoes, white, ordinary to fancy. [Price per bushel, in Chicago, on Monday of each week; quotations from the Daily Trade Bulletin.] Jn,n $0.43-$0.52 A pr $0.38-$0.47 J u ly... $0.55-SO. 65 O ct... $0.53-SO , F eb May A ug N ov , Mar J u n e S e p t ,.93 D ec , , $ No quoted for week. 4 Yellow. 2 Red. 5 New potatoes, s No quotation for

52 52 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. FO O D, B T C. Concluded. VINEGAR: Cider, Monarch, 40«grain, in 45-gallon barrels. [Price per gallon, in New Y ork, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan A p r... $0.15 J u ly... $0.15 O ct... $0.15 Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ep t D ec $ C L O TH S AN D C L O T H IN G. BAGS: 2-bushel, Amoskeag. [Price per hag on the first of each m onth.] Jan... $0.184 A pr $0,201 J u ly... $0,204 O ct... $0,204 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e } S e p t D ec $ BLANKETS: All-wool, 11-4, 5 pounds to the pair. [Price per pound on the first of each ] Jan... $1.10 A pr $1.05 J u ly... $1.05 O ct... $1.00 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec * $ BLANKETS: Cotton, 10-4, 2 pounds to the pair, 54 by 74. [Price per pair on the first of each ] Jan... $ A p r... $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb M a y A ug N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ BOOTS AND SHOES: Men s seamless Creedmores (split ties), first quality, standard screw or pegged. [Price per pair to the jobber on the first of each ] Jan... $1,374 A p r... $1,374 J u ly... $1,374 O ct... $1.40 F eb M a y A ug 1.40 N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ BOOTS AND SHOES: Men s vici calf shoes, Blucher bal., vici calf top, single sole. [Price per pair on the first of each m onth.] Jan... $3.10 A p r $3.10 J u ly... $3.10 O ct... $3.15 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $3.1130

53 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. C LO TH S AN D C L O T H IN G Continued. BOOTS AND SHOES: Men s vici kid shoes, Goodyear welt. [Price per pair to the jobber on the first of each m onth.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $2.75 A pr $2.75 J u ly $2.85 O ct... $3.00 F eb May 2.85 Aug N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ BOOTS AND SHOES: Women s solid grain shoes, leathers polish or polka. [Price per pair on the first of each m onth.] Jan... $1.15 A p r $1.15 J u ly... $1.15 O ct... $1.15 Feb May 1.15 A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ BROADCLOTH: First quality black, 54-inch, made from XX X wool. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $2.02 A pr $2.02 J u ly... $2.02 O ct... F eb May 2.02 A ug 2.02 N ov... $ Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ CALICO: American standard prints, 64 by 64, 7 yards to the pound. [Price per linear yard on the first of each m onth.] Jan... $ A pr $ July $ O ct... $ Feb May.0523 A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ CARPETS: Brussels, 5-frame, Bigelow. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan..., $ A p r $ July $ O ct... $ Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept D e c $ CARPETS: Wilton, 5-frame, Bigelow. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $ A pr $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept D ec $2.4080

54 54 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. C LO TH S AN D C L O T H IN G Continued. COTTON FLANNELS: 2f yards to the pound. [Price per linear yard on the first of each m onth.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.10 A p r $0.10 J u ly... $0.10 O ct... $0.10 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept.10 D ec $ COTTON FLANNELS: 3 yards to the pound. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0,071 A pr $0,071 J u ly... $0,071 O ct... $0,071 F eb May.071 A u g N ov Mar J u n e i S ept D ec.... $ COTTON THREAD: 6»cord, 200-yard spools, J. & P. Coats. [Price per spool, freight paid, on the first of each ] Jan... $ A pr $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ COTTON YARNS: Carded, white, mule-spun, northern, cones, 10/1. [Price per pound on the first of each m onth.] Jan... $0.22 A pr $0.22 J u ly... $0.21 O c t... $0.24 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept.221 D ec $ COTTON YARNS: Carded, white, mule-spun, northern, cones, 22/1. [Price per pound on the first of each m onth.] Jan... $0.24 A pr $0,241 J u ly... $0.24 O ct... F eb M a y A ug.24 N ov... Mar J u n e S ept D ec.... DENIMS: Amoskeag. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] J a n..... $0.13 A p r $0,141 J u ly... $0,141 O ct... $0.141 F eb....13f May.141 Aug.141 N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $0.1417

55 WHOLESALE PEICES, 1890 TO Table I. W H O L E S A L E P E IC E S OP C O M M O D IT IE S F E O M J A N U A E Y TO D E C E M B E B, 1913 Continued. C L O TH S AN D C L O T H IN G Continued. DRILLINGS: Brown, Pepperell. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.08 A pr $0,081 J u ly... $0,081 O ct... $0,081 F eb May.081 A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ DRILLINGS: 30-inch, Massachusetts D standard, 2.85 yards per pound. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0,081 A pr $0,081 J u ly... $0,084 O ct F eb May.081 A u g N ov.... 0SI Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ FLANNELS: White, 4-4 Ballard Vale, No. 3. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $ A pr $ J u ly... $ O ct... $0.4C50 F eb May.4650 A u g N ov o0 Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ GINGHAMS: Amoskeag. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0,061 A pr $0,061 J u ly... $0,061 O ct... $0,061 F eb May.06 A ug.061 N ov Mar J u n e... S e p t D ec '. $ GINGHAMS: Lancaster. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0,061 A p r $0,061 J u ly... $0,061 O ct... $0,061 F eb M a y Aug.061 N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ HORSE BLANKETS: All wool, 6 pounds each. [Price per pound on the first of each ] Jan... $0,821 A pr $0,821 J u ly... $0.75 O ct... $0.75 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $0.7880

56 56 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. T able I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. C L O TH S A N D C L O T H IN G Continued. HOSIERY: Men s cotton half hose, seamless, fast black, 20 to 22 ounce, 160 needles, single thread, carded yarn. [Price per dozen pairs on the first of each m onth.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.85 A pr $0.85 J u ly... $0.87* O ct... $0.85 F eb M a y A u g....87* N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ HOSIERY: Women s cotton hose, high-spliced heel, double sole, full fashioned, combed peeler yarn. [Price per dozen pairs on the first of each m onth.] Jan... $1.85 A pr $1.85 J u ly... $1.85 O ct... $1.85 F eb M ay A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $1.85 HOSIERY: Women s cotton hose, seamless, 26-ounce, 176 needles, single thread, carded yarn. [Price per dozen pairs on the first of each ] Jan... $0.85 A pr $0.85 J u ly... $0.87* O ct... $0.85 F eb M a y A u g....87* N ov Mar J u n e....87* S ept....87* D ec $ LEATHER: Chrome calf, dull or bright finish, B grade (range of s). [Price tier square foot, in general market, on the first of each month; quotations from the Shoe and Leather Reporter.] Jan... $0.26-$0.28 A pr $0.26-$0.28 J u ly... $0.26-$0.28 O ct... $0.26-$0.28 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ LEATHER: Harness, oak, 17 pounds and up, No. 1. [Price per pound, in general market, on the first of each m onth; quotations from the Shoe and Leather Reporter.] J a n... $0.39-$0.40 A p r $0.39-$0.40 J u ly... $0.39-$0.40 O ct... $0.39-$0.40 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ LEATHER: Sole, hemlock, Buenos Aires and Montevideo, middles, No. 1. [Price per pound, in general market, on the first of each m onth; quotations from the Shoe and Leather Reporter.] Jan... $0.27-$0.28 A pr $0.27-$0.28 J u ly... $0.28-$0.29 O ct... $0.28-$0.29 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $0.2821

57 WHOLESALE PEICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. C L O TH S AN D C L O T H IN G Continued. LEATHER: Sole, oak, scoured backs, heavy No. 1. [Price per pound, in general market, on the first of each m onth; quotations from the Shoe and Leather Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... F eb... Mar... $0.43 $ A p r M a y... J u n e... $0.45 $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $0.45-$ O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $ LINEN SHOE THREAD: 10s, Barbour. [Price per pound on the first of each m onth.] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ OVERCOATINGS: Covert cloth, all wool, double and twist, 14-ounce. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $1.80 A p r $1.80 J u ly... $1.80 O ct... $1.80 F eb M ay 1.80 A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ OVERCOATINGS: Soft-faced, black, plain twill, 24-ounce. [Price per linear yard on the first of each m onth.] Jan... $1.37* A p r $1.37* July $1.37* O ct... $1.37* F eb * May 1.37* A u g * N ov * Mar * J u n e * S ept * D ec * $ PRINT CLOTHS: 28-inch, 64 by 64. [ weekly linear yard.] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $

58 58 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. C L O T H S A N D C L O T H I N G Continued. SHEETINGS: Bleached, 10-4, Pepperell. [Price per linear yard on the first of each m onth.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.23 A pr $0.23 J u ly... $0.23 O ct... $0.26 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ SHEETINGS: Bleached, 10-4, Wamsutta S. T. [Price per linear yard on the first of each m onth.] Jan... $ A pr $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ SHEETINGS: Brown, 4-4, Indian Head. [Price per linear yard on the first of each m onth.] Jan... $0,081 A pr $0.08 J u ly... $0,081 O ct... $0,081 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar... J u n e... S ept D ec $ SHEETINGS: Brown, 4-4, Pepperell R. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0.07J A p r $0,071 J u ly... $0,071 O ct... F eb M a y A ug N:>v... Mar... J u n e S ept D ec.... SHEETINGS: Brown, 4-4, Ware Shoals L. L., 4 yards to the pound. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0.06 A p r $0,061 J u ly... $0,051 Oct... Feb M a y A u g N ov... Mar J u n e S e p t....0 D ec.... SHIRTINGS: Bleached, 4-4, Fruit of the Loom. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0.08 A pr $0.08f J u ly... $0.08 O ct... $0.09 F eb M a y A u g N o v.091 Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $0.0870

59 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y T O D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. C L O T H S A N D C L O T H I N G Continued. SHIRTINGS: Bleached, 4-4, Rough Rider. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0,081 A pr----- S0.08J J u ly... $0.08 O ct... $0.G8 F eb....08j M a y A u g N ov....08f Mar... J u n e S e p t D ec $ SHIRTINGS: Bleached, 39-inch, Lonsdale. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0.08 J A pr $0.08* J u l y... $0,071 O ct... $0.08*....08* M a y... F eb.081 Aug N ov....0s Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ SHIRTINGS: Bleached, 4-4, Wamsutta [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] $ A pr M a y... June. $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ O ct... N o v D ec... $ $ SILK: Raw, Italian, classical. [Price per pound, in New York, each month; quotations from the American Silk Journal.] Jan... $ A pr $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ SILK: Raw, Japan, Kansai No. 1. [Price per pound, in New York, each month; quotations from the American Silk Journal.] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb M a y Aug N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ SUITINGS: Clay worsted, diagonal, 12-ounce, Washington Mills. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $ A pr $ J u ly... $ O ct...! $ F eb May A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec...j !.; i! $1.1775

60 60 BULLETIN OE THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y T O D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. C LO TH S AN D C L O T H IN G Continued. SUITINGS: Clay worsted, diagonal, 16-ounce, Washington Mills. [Price per linear yard on the first of each m onth.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... F eb... Mar... $ A pr M a y... J u n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $ SUITINGS: Serge, 11-ounce, Fulton Mills, [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $ A pr $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb M a y A u g N o v Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ SUITINGS: Wool-dyed blue, inch, 15-ounce. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $ A pr $ J u l y... $ O ct... $ F eb M a y ; A u g N o v Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ TICKINGS: Amoskeag, A. C. A. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] $0.13 a s! A pr M a y... J u n e... $0.13f 13f.13 J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ J O ct... N ov... D ec... $0.13 J.13*.13. $ TROUSERINGS: Fancy worsted, worsted warp and filling, worsted back, 16 to 17 ounce. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ) Jan... $ A pr $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb M a y A u g N o v Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ UNDERWEAR: Shirts and drawers, merino, natural color, full-fashioned, 50 per cent wool, 24-gauge. [Price per dozen garments on the first of each ) Jan... $13.50 A pr $13.50 J u ly... $13.50 O ct... $13.50 F eb M a y A u g N o v Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $

61 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 1913, 61 T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D ECEM BER, 1913 Continued. C L O TH S AND C L O T H IN G Continued. UNDERWEAR! Union suits, merino, natural color, 40 per cent wool, circular, 24-gauge, light weight. [Price per dozen garments on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $9.00 A p r $9.00 J u ly... $9.00 O ct... $9.00 Feb M a y A u g N ov 9.00 Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ WOMEN S DRESS GOODS; Cashmere, all wool, 8-9 twill, 35-inch, Atlantic Mills [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ M a y A u g N ov J u n e S e p t D ec $ WOMEN S DRESS GOODS: Cashmere, cotton warp, 9-twill, 4-4, Atlantic Mills F. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ WOMEN S DRESS GOODS: Cashmere, cotton warp, 36-inch, Hamilton. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ Feb M a y Aug N ov.1862 Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ WOMEN S DRESS GOODS: Panama cloth, all wool, 54-inch. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... F eb... Mar... $ A p r M a y... J u n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $ WOMEN S DRESS GOODS: Poplar cloth, cotton warp and worsted filling, 36-inch. [Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Jan... $0.19 A p r $0.19 J u ly... $0.19 O ct... F eb M a y Aug.19 N ov... Mar J u n e S ept D ec....

62 62 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y T O D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. C L O TH S A N D C L O T H IN G Concluded. WOMEN S DRESS GOODS: Sicilian cloth, cotton warp, 50-inch«[Price per linear yard on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... F eb... Mar... $ A p r... M a y... J u n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $ WOOL: Ohio, fine fleece (X and XX grade), scoured. [Price per pound, in eastern markets, on the first of each ] Jan... $ A pr $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb May.5957 A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ WOOL: Ohio, medium fleece (one-fourth and three-eighths grade), scoured. [Price per pound, in eastern markets, on the first of each ] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ WORSTED YARNS: 2-40s, Australian fine. [Price per pound on the first of each ] Jan... $1.25 A pr $1.22* J u ly... $1.17* O ct... $1.15 Mar * M a y... J u n e S ept * D ec F eb A ug * N ov $ WORSTED YARNS: 2-32s, crossbred stock, white, in skeins. [Price per pound on the first of each ] Jan... $0.88 A pr $0.83 J u ly... $0.75 O ct... $0.75 F eb May.75 A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ FUEL AN D L IG H T IN G. CANDLES: Adamantine, 6s, 14-ounce. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.07* A p r $0.07* J u ly... $0.07* O ct... $0.07* F eb....07* May.07* A u g....07* N ov....07* Mar....07* J u n e....07* S ept....07* D e c * $0.0725

63 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y T O D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. FUEL AN D L IG H T IN G Continued. COAL: Anthracite, broken. [ monthly selling ton of 2,240 pounds, at tidewater, New York Harbor.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb... Mar... $ A p r----- May J u n e... $ J u ly... A u g... Sept $ O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $ COAL: Anthracite, chestnut. [ monthly selling ton of 2,240 pounds, at tidewater, New York Harbor.] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ COAL: Anthracite, egg. [ monthly selling ton of 2,240 pounds, at tidewater, New York Harbor.] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ COAL: Anthracite, stove. [ monthly selling ton of 2,240 pounds, at tidewater, New York narbor.] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ Feb May A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ COAL: Bituminous, Georges Creek. [Price per ton of 2,240 pounds, at the mine, on the first of each ] $1.45 A p r $1.45 J u ly... $1.45 O ct... $ M ay A u g N ov Ju n e S ept D ec $ COAL: Bituminous, Georges Creek. [Price per ton of 2,240 pounds, f. o. b. New Y ork narbor, on the first of each ] Jan... $3.00 A p r $3.05 J u ly... $3.00 O ct... S3.10 Feb May 3.00 A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec S3.0542

64 64 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T able I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO ^ D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. FUEL AN D L IG H T IN G Continued. COAL: Bituminous, Pittsburgh (Youghiogheny), lump. (Price per bushel (80 pounds) on Tuesday of each week. Cincinnati, afloat; quotations furnished b y the superintendent of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce.j Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.08 A p r $0.08 July $0.08 O ct... $ F eb M a y A u g... i o i N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ COKE: Connellsville, furnace. [Price per ton (2,0C0 pounds), f. o. b. at the ovens, on the first of each month; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $ A pr M a y... J u n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S ept... $ O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $ MATCHES: Globe, No. 1, in cases. [Price per case of 144 boxes, in New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.95 A pr $0.95 J u ly... $0.95 O ct... $0.95 Feb May.95 A ug.95 N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ PETROLEUM: Crude. ]Price per barrel of 42 gallons, at the wells, on the first of the m onth; quotations from the Oil City Derrick.) Jan... $2.00 A p r $2.50 J u ly... $2.50 O ct... $2.50 Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ PETROLEUM: Refined, for export, in barrels, cargo lots, S. W. 110 fire test. [Price per gallon, in New York, on the first of the month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $0.0863

65 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T able I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. FUEL AND L IG H T IN G Concluded. PETROLEUM: Refined 150 fire test, water-white, in barrels (jobbing lots). [Price per gallon, in New York, on the first of each m onth; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.12 J A pr $0.12 J u ly... $0.12 O ct... $0.12 F eb M a y....m A u g....12* N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ M E T A LS AN D IM P L E M E N T S, AUGERS: Extra, 1-inch [Price per auger, in New York, on the first of each m onth.] Jan... $0.35 A pr $0.35 J u ly... $0.35 O ct... $0.35 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar Ju n e S e p t D ec $ AXES: Essex, pattern handled. [Price per dozen, in New Y ork, on the first of each ] Jan... $10.80 A pr $10.80 J u ly... $10.80 O ct... $10.80 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ BAR IRON: Best refined. [ m onthly pound, in Philadelphia; quotations furnished b y Bureau of Statistics of the American Iron and Steel Institute.] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept.0186 D ec $ BAR IRON: Common to best refined, from mill. [Price per pound, f. o. b. at Pittsburgh, on the first of each m onth; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... $ $ A pr $ $ J u ly... $ $ O ct... $ $ F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar June S ept D ec $ BARB WIRE: Galvanized. [Price per 100 pounds, f. o. b. at Chicago, on the first of m onth; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... $2.33 A pr $2.38 J u ly... $2.38 O ct... $2.23 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ep t D ec $ B u ll

66 6 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. T able I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. M E T A l l S A N D I M P L E M E N T S Continued. BUTTS: Loose pin, wrought steel, 3* by 3* inches. [Price per dozen pair, in New York, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.72 A pr $0.72 July $0.72 O ct... $0.72 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ CHISELS: Extra, socket firmer, 1-inch. [Price per chisel, in New York, on the first of each ] J a n. $0.25 A p r $0.25 J u ly... $0.25 O ct... $0.25 F eb M ay.25 A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept.25 D ec $ COPPER: Ingot, electrolytic. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each m onth; quotations from the Iron Age.] J a n... $ $ A p r $0.1512H& J u ly... $0.1462* O c t... $ $0.1662* F e b M a y J A u g * N o v M ar * J u n e S e p t * D e c ^-.1462* A verage. $ COPPER: Sheet, hot-rolled (base sizes). [Price per pound, in New York, on the the first of each ] Jan... $0.23 A pr M a y... $0.21 J u ly... $0.20 O ct... $0.22 F eb A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec....20*. $ COPPER WIRE: Bare, No. 8, B. & S. gauge and heavier (base sizes). [Price per pound, f. o. b. at Ansonia, Conn., on the first of each m onth.] Jan... $0.17* A pr $0.16 J u ly... $0.16 O ct... $0.17 F eb....17* M a y...,16 A u g N ov....37f Mar Ju n e Sept.16 D ec $ DOOR KNOBS: Steel, bronze-plated. [Price per pair, in New York, on the the first of each ] Jan... $ A pr $ July $ O ct... $ F eb M a y A ug.2700 N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $0.2700

67 WHOLESALE PEICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y T O D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. M E T A L S AND IM P L E M E N T S Continued. F IL E S : 8 -inch m ill bastard, N icholson. [Price per dozen on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... F eb... Mar... Ill S* * A pr M ay... J u n e... $0.92*-%.9 2 *.9 2 * J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ *.9 1 * O ct... N ov... D ec... *0.91* 91A 91*. $ H A M M E R S : M ayd ole, N o. lg. [Price per dozen, in New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $5.28 A p r $5.28 J u ly... $5.28 O ct... $5.28 Feb May 5.28 A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ L E A D : P ig, desilverized. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... F eb... Mar... $ A pr M a y... J u n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S ept... $ O ct... N ov... D ec... $0.0457g-$ $ LE A D PIP E. [Price per 100 pounds, f. o. b. at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $4.90 A pr $4.90 July $5.14 O ct... $5.39 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ L O C K S : C o m m o n m ortise, k n o b lo ck, 3g-inch. [Price per lock, in New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.12 A pr M ay... $0.12 J u ly... $0.12 O ct... $0.12 F eb A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ N A IL S : C u t, 8 -p en n y, fen ce a n d c o m m o n. [Price per 100-pound keg, f. o. b. at Pittsburgh, on the first of each month; quotations computed from base s published in the Iron Age-Hardware, January to May 15, thereafter from the Hardware Age.] Jan... $ A pr $1.80-$l. 85 J u ly... $ O ct... $1.65-$l. 70 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $1.7708

68 6 8 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. M E T A L S AN D IM P L E M E N T S Continued. NAILS: Wire, 8«penny, fence and common. [Price per 100 pound keg, f. o. b. at Pittsburgh, on the first of each m onth; quotations computed from base s published in the Iron Age-Hardware, January to May 15, thereafter from the Hardware Age.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $1.85 A p r $1.90 J u ly... $1 90 O ct... $1.75 Feb M ay A u g N ov... $ Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ PIQ IRON: Bessemer. [ monthly ton (2,240 pounds), in Pittsburgh; quotations furnished by Bureau of Statistics of the American Iron and Steel Institute.] Jan... $18.15 A pr $17.90 J u ly... $16.70 O ct... $16.60 F eb May A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ PIQ IRON: Foundry No.!. [ monthly ton (2,240 pounds), in Philadelphia* quotations furnished b y Bureau of Statistics of the American Iron and Steel Institute.] Jan... $19.00 A pr $18.00 July $16.10 O ct... $16.45 F eb M a y A ug N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ PIG IRON: Foundry No. 2, northern. [ monthly ton of 2,240pounds, f. o. b. at Pittsburgh, on the first of each month; quotations computed b y adding freight to at the valley furnace as published in the Iron Age.] Jan... $18.40-$18.90 A pr $16.90-$17.40 J u ly... $14.90-$15.15 O ct... $ Feb M ay A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ PIQ IRON: Gray forge, southern, coke. [Price per ton o f2,240 pounds, f. o. b. at Cincinnati, on the first of each month; quotations from the Iron Age.) Jan... $16.50-$16.75 A pr $14.65-$15.15 July $12.25-$12.75 O ct... $12.75-$13.25 F eb M ay A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ PLANES: Sargent 414, jack plane. [Price per plane,, in New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $1.50 A pr $1.50 Feb May 1.50 Mar J u n e J u ly... $1.50 O ct... $1.50 A u g N ov S e p t D ec $1.5000

69 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y T O D ECEM BER, 1913 Continued. M E T A L S AND IM P L E M E N T S Continued. QUICKSILVER: Jobbing lots. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.56 A p r $0.55 J u ly... $0.57 O ct... $0.58 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ SAWS: Cross-cut, Disston, No. 2, 6-foot, Champion tooth. [Price per saw to small jobbers, f. o. b. at Philadelphia, on the first of each ] Jan... $ A pr $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ SAWS: Hand, Disston, No. 7, 26-inch. [Price per dozen to small jobbers, f. o. b. at Philadelphia, on the first of each m onth.] Jan... $ A pr $12,950 J u ly... $12,950 O ct... $12,950 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar June S ep t D ec $ SHOVELS: Ames, No. 2, cast-steel, long-handle, round-point, back-strap, black. [Price per dozen, on the first of each ] Jan... $7.46 A pr----- $7.88 J u ly... $7.85 O ct... $7.85 Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar June S e p t D ec $ SILVER: Bar, fine. [Price per ounce, in New Y ork; quotations furnished b y the Director of the Mint.] Jan... $ A pr----- $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F e b M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ SPELTER (PIQ ZINC): Western. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each m onth; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... F eb... Mar... $ $ A p r $ M a y J u n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $ $0.0583

70 7 0 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. T able I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. M E T A L S A N D IM P L E M E N T S Continued. STEEL BILLETS. [ monthly ton of 2,240 pounds, in Pittsburgh; quotations furnished b y Bureau of Statistics of the American Iron and Steel Institute.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... F eb... Mar... $ A p r M a y... J u n e... $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $ O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $ STEEL RAILS. [ ton (2,240 pounds), at mills in Pennsylvania; quotations furnished b y Bureau of Statistics of the American Iron and Steel Institute.] Jan... $28.00 A p r $28.00 J u ly... $28.00 O ct... $28.00 F eb May A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept D ec $ STEEL SHEETS: Black, No. 27, box annealed, cold-rolled, United States standard. [Price per pound, f. o. b. at Pittsburgh, on the first of m onth; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... $ S A pr $ J u ly... $ $ O ct... $ F eb M ay $ A u g N ov Mar Ju n e S e p t D ec $ TIN: Pig. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each m onth; quotations from the Iron Age.] Jan... $ A p r $ July $ O ct... $ F eb M a y J A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ TIN PLATE: Coke. [Price per 100-pound box, in New York, on the first of each month: uum January to May 15, thereafter from the Hardware Age.] hardware, Jan... $ A pr $ F eb M a y Mar J u n e J u ly... $ O ct... $ A ug N ov S e p t D ec $ TROWELS: Johnson s, brick, 10^»inch. [Price per dozen, in New York, on the first of each m onth.] Jan... $4.50 A p r $4.50 J u ly... $4.50 O ct... $4.50 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $

71 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. M E T A L S A N D I M P L E M E N T S Concluded. VISES: Solid box, 50=pound. [Price per vise, in New York, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. w... Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $4.14 A p r J u ly O ct F eb May 3.93 A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec WOOD SCREWS: 1-inch, No. 10, flathead. [Price per gross, in New York, on the first of each ] Jan A p r May J u ly O ct F eb A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec ZINC: Sheet, ordinary numbers and sizes, packed in 600-pound casks. [Price per 100 pounds, f. o. b. at La Salle, 111., on the first of each ] Jan A p r J u ly i O ct F eb M ay A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec D U M B E R A N D B U I L D I N G M A T E R I A L S. BRICK: Common red domestic building. [Price per 1,000, on dock, at New York; range of s from first to last of ] Jan A pr J u ly i O c t...: F eb May A u g N ov Mar June S ept D ec CARBONATE OF LEAD: American, in oil. [Price per pound (100-pound packages or over), in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan A pr J u ly O ct * F eb....06f May. 06 A u g....06f N ov....07* Mar....06f J u n e S e p t....07* D ec f CEMENT: Portland, domestic. [Price per barrel of 400 pounds gross, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan A pr J u ly Oct Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec

72 72 BJTLLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. A T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. LU M B E R AND B U IL D IN G M A T E R IA L S Continued. C E M E N T : R osen dale. [Price per barrel of 400 pounds gross, in New York, on the first of month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Month..4 Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $0.90 A pr $0.90 July $0.90 O ct... $0.90 F eb M a y... $ A ug N ov M ar J u n e S e p t D ec $ D O O R S : W estern w h ite pine, 2 feet 8 in ch e s b y 6 feet 8 in ch es, I f in ch e s th ic k, 4-pan el, N o. 2. O. Q. [Price per door, carload lots, f. o. b. at Chicago, on the first of each ] Jan... $1.44 A pr $1.41 J u ly... $1.38 O ct... $1.33 F eb 1.44 M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ H E M L O C K : Base, Pennsylvania an d W est Virginia stock. [Price per M feet, f. o. b. at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... $23.50 A pr $24.50 J u ly... 0) O ct... $24.50 F eb M a y A u g... $24.50 N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ L IM E : R o ck p o rt, c o m m o n. [Price per barrel of 300 pounds gross, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $0.92-$l. 25 A pr $ July $ O ct... $ F eb May A ug N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ LIN SEED O IL : Raw, in barrels. [Price per gallon, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.42 A pr $0.44 J u ly... $0.47 O ct... $0.47 F eb May * A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ i No quotation for

73 WHOLESALE PRICES, T able I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. L U M B E R A N D B U I L D I N G M A T E R I A L S Continued. MAPLE: Hard and soft, 1-inch (4-4), firsts and seconds. [Price per M feet, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.J Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. M onth. Price. J a n... F e b... M ar... $ i A p r I M a y j J u n e... $37.00-$ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... 0 ) $37.00-$ O c t... N o v... D e c... $37.00-$ A verage. $ OAK: White, plain, mixed, rock, mountain or West Virginia stock, 1-inch (4-4), firsts and seconds. [Price per M feet, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... $57.00-$60.00 A pr $60.00-$63.00 J u ly... 0) O ct... $ Feb M ay A u g... $59.00-$62.00 N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ OAK: White, quartered, Indiana, firsts and seconds, 6 inches and up wide, 10 to 16 feet long. [Price per M feet, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... Feb... Mar... $85.00-$ A pr M ay... J u n e... $ J u ly... Aug----- S ept... (!) $ O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $ OXIDE OF ZINC: American, extra dry. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.05 A pr $0.05 J u ly... $0,051 O ct... $0.05f Feb M a y Aug.05 N ov.05 Mar J u n e Sept.05 D ec.... $ PINE: White, boards, No. 2 barn, 10 inches wide, rough. [Price per M feet, f. o. b. at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New Y ork Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... $36.50 A pr $36.50 Ju ly... 0) O ct... $37.50 Feb M ay A u g... $36.50 N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ No quotation for month,

74 7 4 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Table I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. L U M B E R A N D B U I L D I N G M A T E R I A L S Continued. PINE: White, boards, upper, l«inch (4-4), rough or dressed. [Price per M feet, f. o. b. at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb... Mar... $ A pr M a y... J u n e... $ J u ly... Aug----- S ept... 0) $ O ct... N o v. D ec... $ $ PINE: Yellow, flooring, long=leaf, B, heartface, rift sawn, 1-& by 2\ face (counted 1by 3), D & M. [Price per M feet, at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... $45.00 A pr $45.00 J u ly... G) O ct... $44.00 F eb May A u g... $44.50 N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ PINE: Yellow, siding, long-leaf, boards, heartface, 1-inch and l -inch. [Price per M feet, f. o. b. at New York, on the first of each m onth; quotations from the New Y ork Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... $33.00-$34.00 A pr $33.00-$34.00 J u ly... 0) O ct... $30.00-$31,00 F eb May A u g... $ N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ PLATE GLASS: Polished, glazing, area 5 to 10 square feet. [Price per square foot, f. o. b. at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.32 A pr $0.34 F eb May.34 Mar J u n e J u ly... $0.32 O ct... $0.30 A u g N ov Sept.32 D ec $ PLATE GLASS: Polished, glazing, area 3 to 5 square feet. [Price per square foot, f. o. b. at New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.24 A pr $0.25 J u ly... $0.24 O ct... $0.22 F eb May.25 A u g N ov..22 Mar J u n e Sept.24 D ec $ POPLAR: Yellow, 1-inch, first and seconds, 7 to 17 inches and up wide, rough. [Price per M feet, f. o. b. at New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New Y ork Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... $60.00-$63.00 A p r $61.00-$63.00 J u ly... 0) O ct... $ Feb May A u g... $ N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ No quotation for

75 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. L U M B E R A N D B U IL D IN G M A T E R IA L S Continued. PUTTY: Commercial (bulk). [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... F eb... Mar... $ A pr M ay... J u n e... SO Ju ly... A u g... Sept SO O ct... N ov... D ec... SO SO ROSIN: Common to good, strained. [Price per barrel of 300 to 400 pounds, in New York; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... S5.90-S6.00 A pr $5.50 J u ly... $4.00 O ct... $4.00 Feb M ay A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ SHINGLES: Cypress, best all heart, 5 inches wide, 16 inches long. [Price per M., f. o. b. at New Orleans, on the first of each ] Jan... $3.70 A pr $3.60 J u ly... $3.40 O ct... $3.50 Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ SHINGLES: Red cedar, clear, random width, 16 inches long. [ monthly s per M., at mills in Washington.] Jan... $2.05 A pr $2.15 J u ly... $2.05 O ct... $1.75 F eb May 2.10 A u g N ov Mar June S ept D ec $ SPRUCE: 6 to 9 inch, cargoes, eastern. [Price per M feet, in New Y ork, on the first of each m onth; quotations from the New Y ork Lumber Trade Journal.] Jan... $26.00-$29.00 A pr $26.00-S30.00 F eb May Mar J u n e J u ly... 0) O ct... $27.00-S29.00 A u g S29.00 N ov Sept D ec $ TAR: Pine. [Price per barrel of 50 gallons, in W ilmington, N. C., on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $2.20 A pr M a y... $2.20 J u ly... $2.20 O ct... $2.20 F eb A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ i No quotation for

76 7 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. LU M B E R AND B U IL D IN G M A T E R IA L S Concluded. TURPENTINE: Spirits of, southern, barrels. [Price per gallon, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New York Journal of Commerce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... F eb... Mar... $0.42 $ J A pr M a y... J u n e... $0.45H& ^ $ J u ly... A u g... S e p t... $0.391-SO i * O ct... N ov... D ec... $0.41-$ J. $ WINDOW GLASS: American, single, AA, 25-inch. [Price per 50 square feet, in New York, on the first of each month, quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $2.72 A pr $2.72 J u ly... $2.72 O ct... $2.72 Feb May 2.72 A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ WINDOW GLASS: American, single, B, 25-inch. [Price per 50 square feet, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $ A pr $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ D R U G S AN D C H E M IC A L S. ALCOHOL: Grain, 190 proof, U. S. P. [Price per gallon, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $2.54 A pr $2.49 J u ly... $2.47 O ct... $2.51 Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ ALCOHOL: Wood, refined, 95 per cent. [Price per gallon, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.50 A pr $0.49 J u ly... $0.49 O ct... $0.46 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ ALUM: Lump. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $ A pr $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $0.0175

77 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. D R U G S AN D C H E M IC A L S Concluded. BRIMSTONE: Crude, domestic. [Price per ton (2,240 pounds), in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $22.00 A pr $22.00 J u ly... $22.00 O ct... $22.00 Feb M a y A u g N ov Mar Ju n e S e p t D ec $ GLYCERIN: Refined, chemically pure, in bulk. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.18 A pr $0.20 J u ly... $0.19J Oct... $0.20f M a y... Mar J u n e f S e p t... \.191 D ec... Feb....18$.20 A u g... v.191 N ov $ MURIATIC ACID: 20. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $ A pr $ J u l y... $ O ct... $ Feb M a y Aug.0130 N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ OPIUM: Natural, in cases. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $6.40 A pr $6.15 J u l y... $6.00 O ct... $5.75 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D e c $ QUININE: American, in 100-ounce tins. [Price per ounce, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $ A pr M a y... $9,211 J u ly... $0,211 O ct... $0.23 Feb A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ SULPHURIC ACID: 66. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Paint, Oil, and Drug Reporter.] Jan... $0.01 A pr $0.01 J u ly... $0.01 O ct... $0.01 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $0.0100

78 7 8 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Table I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. H O U SE-FTJBN ISH IN G G O O D S. EARTHENWARE: Plates, cream-colored, 7=inch. [Price per dozen, f. o. b. at Trenton, on tile first of each m onth.) Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... F eb... Mar... $ A p r M a y... J u n e... $ J u ly... $ A u g S ept O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $ EARTHENWARE: Plates, white granite, 7-inch. [Price per dozen, f. o. b. at Trenton, on first of each )! Jan... $ A pr $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $0.^633 EARTHENWARE: Teacups and saucers, white granite, with handles. [Price per dozen cups and dozen saucers, f. o. b. at Trenton, on the first of each ) Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb M a y A u g N o v.5702 Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ FURNITURE: Bedroom sets, 3 pieces, iron bedstead, hardwood dresser, and washstand. [Price per set, in New York, on the first of each ) Jan... $18.00 A p r $18.00 J u ly... $18.00 O ct... $18.00 F eb M ay A u g N o v Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ FURNITURE: Chairs, bedroom, maple, cane seat. [Price per dozen, in New York, on the first of each m onth.) Jan... $10.50 A pr $10.50 J u l y... $10.50 O ct... $10.50 F eb M a y A u g N o v Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ FURNITURE: Chairs, kitchen, common spindle. [Price per dozen, in New York, on the first of each ) Jan... $6.00 A pr $6.00 F eb M a y Mar J u n e J u l y... $6.00 O ct... $6.00 A u g N ov S ept D ec $6.0000

79 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T able I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y T O D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. H O U S E - F U R N I S H I N G G O O D S Continued. FURNITURE: Tables, kitchen, 3J-foot. [Price per dozen, in New Y ork, on the first of each ] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $22.80 A pr $22.80 J u ly... $22.80 O ct... $22.80 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ GLASSWARE: Nappies* 4=inch, common. [Price per dozen, f. o. b. at factory, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.11 A p r $0.11 J u ly... $0.11 O ct... $0.11 F eb May.11 A u g N ov Mar J u n e Sept D e c $ GLASSWARE: Pitchers, ^-gallon, common. [Price per dozen, f. o. b. at factory, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.80 A p r $0.80 J u ly... $0.80 O ct... $0.80 F eb May.80 A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ GLASSWARE: Tumblers, table, -pint, common. [Price per dozen, f. o. b. at factory, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.12 A pr $0.12 J u ly... $0.12 O ct... $0.12 Feb May.12 A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ TABLE CUTLERY: Carvers, stag handles, No. 016, 8-inch. [Price per pair on the first of each ] Jan... $0.75 A p r $0.75 J u ly... $0.75 O ct... $0.75 F eb May.75 A u g N o v....*..75 Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ TABLE CUTLERY: Knives and forks, cocobolo handles, metal bolsters, No [Price per gross on the first of each ] Jan... $5.75 A pr $5.75 J u ly... $5.75 O ct... $5.75 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $5.7500

80 80 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y T O D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. H O TJSE-FU R N ISH IN G G O O D S Concluded. W O O D E N W A R E : Pails, oa k»g ra in ed, 3 -h o o p, w ire ears. [Price per dozen, in New York, on the first of each J Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... $1.75 A pr $1.80 J u ly... $1.80 O ct... $1.80 F eb M a y A u g N ov M ar J u n e S e p t D e c ; $ WOODENW^ARE: T u b s, oak-grained, 3 in nest, C, 19, 21, an d 23 inches in diam eter. [Price per nest, in New York, on the first o f each ] Jan... $1.60 A pr $1.70 J u ly... $1.70 O ct... $1.70 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ M IS C E L L A N E O U S. C O T T O N S E E D M E A L. [Price per ton (2,000 pounds), f. o. b. at New Y ork, on the first of each ] Jan... $32.10 A pr $30.60 J u ly... $32.00 O ct... $32.10 F e b M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ C O T T O N S E E D O IL : P rim e, s u m m e r, yellow. [Price per pound, in New York, on Tuesday of each week; quotations furnished by the statistician of the New York Produce Exchange.] Jan... $ $ A pr $ $ July $ $ O ct... $ $ F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec ! J U T E : R aw M -d o u b le trian gle, s h ip m e n t, m e d iu m grades. [Price per pound on the first of each ]. $ Jan... $0,059 A p r $0,065 J u ly... $0,061 O ct... $0,078 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $0.0669

81 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T able I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y T O D E C E M B E R, 1913 Continued. M ISC E L LAN E O U S Continued. MALT: Western grade, standard. [Price per bushel (34 pounds), in New York, on the last of each month; quotations from the Brewer's Journal.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... Feb... Mar... $ A p r M a y... J u n e... $0.71-$ , J u ly... A u g... S ept... $ O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $ PAPER: News, wood, roll, contract. [Price per pound, f. o. b. at mills, on the first of each m onth; quotations from the New Y ork Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ Feb M ay Aug N ov Mar J u n e Sept.0225 D ec $ PAPER: Manila, wrapping, No. 1 jute. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the New Y ork Journal of Commerce.] Jan... $ Feb Mar A p r $ M a y J u n e J u ly... Aug----- S e p t... $ O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $ PROOF SPIRITS: Finished goods basis (whisky). [Revised Statutes, sec. 3249: Proof spirits shall be held to be that alcoholic liquor which contains one-half its volume of alcohol of a specific gravity of at 60 P. Price per gallon on Tuesday of each week; quotations from Peoria Herald Transcript.] Jan... $1.33 A p r $1.30 J u ly... $1.30 O ct... $ i. 3 o ; F ob M a y A ug N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec $ ROPE: Pure manila (base sizes, ^ inch and larger to March 10, thereafter f inch and larger, three strand). [Price per pound, jobber to retailer, on the first of each ] Jan... $0.15 A p r $0.15 J u ly... $0.15 O ct... $0.14 F eb M a y Aug.15 N ov Mar J u n e S ept D ec....13* Bull $0.1467

82 82 BULLETIN OF THE BTJKEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, T a b l e I. W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F R O M J A N U A R Y TO D E C E M B E R, 1913 Concluded. M IS C E L L A N E O U S Concluded. RUBBER: Para Island, fine. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each m onth; quotations from the New Y ork Journal of Commerce.] Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Month. Price. Jan... F eb... Mar... $ A p r M a y... J u n e... $ July A u g... S ept... $0.81-$ O ct... N ov... D ec... $ $ SOAP: Castile, mottled, pure. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each month; quotations from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter.) Jan... $0,075 A p r $0,075 J u ly... $0,075 O ct... $0,075 F eb M a y A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $0,075 STARCH: Laundry, 50=pound boxes, in bulk. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $0,031 A p r $0,031 J u ly... $0,031 O ct... F eb May.031 Aug N ov... Mar J u n e S e p t D ec.... TOBACCO: Plug, Climax, 12 pieces to the pound. [Price per pound, in New York, on the first of each ) Jan... $ A p r $ J u ly... $ O ct... $ F eb May.4704 A u g N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $ TOBACCO: Smoking, granulated, Seal of North Carolina, bounce bags. [Price per gross of 1-ounce bags, in New York, on the first of each ] Jan... $5.145 A p r $5.145 J u ly... $5.145 O ct... $5.145 F eb MAy A u g... 5.? 45 N ov Mar J u n e S e p t D ec $5.145

83 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T ab le 1 1. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF [This table shows the average actual and the relative of each com m odity, each year from 1890 to 1913, and each m onth in 1913; also the per cent or in, each m onth as com with the next preceding m onth. The base of each com m odity, on which the relative s are based, is shown in heavy-faced type and is the average of the actual s for For further explanation and discussion of the table, see p. 29. For a more detailed description of the articles, see Table I.] Farm products. Flaxseed: N o. 1. Grain. Barley: by sample. Year or per pound. Cotton: upland, m iddling. Per cent ( - ) com with preceding Chicago market, average pnce per bushel. Minneapolis market, average per bushel. Per cent ( + ) o r ( - ) com with preceding per bushel. Per cent ( + ) o r ( - ) com with preceding, $ $ $ January... February March... April... May... June... July... August... S eptem ber... October... N ovem ber... December C1) $ Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent change.

84 8 4 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Farm products. Grain. Com: cash. Oats: cash. R ye, No. 2: cash. Year or oushel. ( + ) o r withpreeeding bushel. Percent bushel. Percent, $ $ $ C1) January February March A pril M ay June July August September October Novem ber Decem ber * Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent change.

85 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Farm products. Grain Wheat: cash. Hay: timothy, No. 1. Hides: green, salted, packers; heavy native steers. Year or bushel. ton. ( ) com pound. ( ) com, $ $ $ January February i March A pril M ay June July August September October November ( l ) December i Price unchanged,

86 86 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Farm products. Hops: New Y ork State, choice. Horses : draft, good to choice. Live stock (for food). Cattle : steers, choice to prime. Year or pound. Percent i>er head. Percent ( C om withprecedmg per 100 pounds., ( ) com $ $ S fi Q $ (i) w m (i» ( / C1) January (1) February (11 (2) March (1) A pril (v M ay (2) (i.) (2) June ) (2) July ) August ) September (2> (*) (2) October ) (2) Novem ber C) (2) Decem ber ) (2) i No relative computed. For explanation, see p Price unchanged,

87 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Farm products. Live stock (for food). Cattle: steers, good to choice. Hogs: heavy. Hogs: light. Year or 100 lbs. Percent withprecedmg P100eib^r ( + ) o r 100 lbs., $ $ $ * « January February March A pril May June : July S August September October November December

88 88 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Farm products. Live stock (for food). Sheep: wethers. Year or Good to fancy, average 100 lbs. ( ) com withprecedmg Western, average 100 lbs. Plain to choice, average 100 lbs. of in- ( ) com, $ $ ) * $ $ January... February... March... A pril... M ay... June J u ly... August... September October... N ovem ber December Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent change.

89 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Farm products. Mules: 16 hands, medium to good. Poultry: Live, fowls. Tobacco: Burley, dark red, good leaf. Year or per head. of in- ( + ) o r withprecedmg pound. R dative 100 lbs. withprecedmg R d a - tive ( ) com, , 1892., *, 1895., 1896., 1897., 1898., 1899., January... February... March... A pril... M ay... June... July... A ugust September, October... November. December ( ( a; (i; (i; a! (i; (i; (i; a (i; h ) (i; G] G) G) $ > G) G) No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 29. * Price unchanged.

90 90 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Food, etc. Beans: medium, choice. Crackers. Bread. Crackers: soda. Year or per bushel. per 100 lbs. Per cent ( + ) o r de- ( - ) com with preceding Butter, average per pound. Oyster, average per pound. Per cent ( - ) com with preceding per pound. Per cent ( - ) com with preceding, January February... March... A pril... May... June... July... August... September.. October... N ovem ber.. D ecem ber.. $ $ $ $ (») ( ) C1) ( $ ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( m m (i) (i) (i i (i) (ii (v C1) ( ) C) ( b V ( V ( ( (9 1 Price unchanged.

91 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Food, etc. Bread. Butter. Loaf: before baking (W ashington market). Loaf: before baking York market] (N ew Creamery: Elgin (Elgin market). Year or ; pound. pound. pound., $ $ $ P) P) P) P) P) P) ) ) P) ) P) P) P) n\ P) v1) P) (i) P) (i) P) P) P) P) P) P) P) P) P) P) P) January February P) P) March A pril (i) Y M ay (i) p ) June P) P) July P) P) August P) September P) October (i) P) N ovem ber (i) P) December P) P) * Price unchanged.

92 92 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II.-AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Food, etc. Butter. Canned goods. Creamery: extra (New York market). Dairy: New York State. Com : Republic No. 2. Year or pound. withprecedmg pound. (+)or ( ) com dozen cans. ( ) com, $ $ (!) $ (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) January (2) February (2) m March (2) (i) A pril (2) (v May (2) (n June (2) (*) July (2) m August (2) (i ) September (2) (i) October (2) (i) November (2) C) December (2) + i Price unchanged. 2 No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 29.

93 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Food, etc. Peas: Republic No. 2. Canned goods. Tomatoes: Standard New Jersey, No. 3. Cheese: N ew York State, full cream. Year or dozen cans. ( - ) com withpreceding dozen cans. pound. ( ) com, $ $ ) $1.079i 0 ) O) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) C1) ) January ) (!) February «(2) (2) March ) ) (2) A pril ) ) (2) M ay ) (2) ) (2) June ) (2) C1) (2) July ) (2) ) (2) August ) (2) ) (2) September ) (2) ) (2) October ) <*) O) (2) N ovem ber ) ' h (2) December ) (2) ( 1) (2) No relative computed. For explanation, see p Price unchanged.

94 94 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Table II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Food, etc. Coffee; R io No. 7. Eggs: new laid, fair to fancy, near by. Fish. Cod:: dry, bank, large. Year or per pound. Percent ( - ) com with preceding per dozen. Percent ( - ) com with preceding Boston market, average per quintal. New York market, average per hundred weight. ( - ) com with preceding, $ $ $ $ January February (1) March (1) April M ay ! June ) July (i) August (i) Septem ber (i) October..., N ovem ber ) December ) Price unchanged.

95 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e II. AVERAGE W HOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH Y E A R, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Food, etc. Fish. Herring. Mackerel: salt, large, No. 3s. Salmon: canned, 1-lb. tails. Year or Shore, round, Boston market, average per barrel. Nova Scotia split, Boston market, average per barrel. Newfoundland split, large No. 1, New York market, average per barrel. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or ( - ) com with preceding year or barrel. Per cent <+> or ( - ) com with preceding year or per dozen cans. Per cent ( + ) or ( - ) com with preceding year or, $ $ $ p ) & $ $6* January February (n /n p ) March (i) P) P) A pril m I1) P) May (1) (1) P) June (i) P) July p ) P) August C1) (i) f1) September P) P) P) October (1) Pi November ) P) P) December w P) P) 1 Price unchanged.

96 9 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a ble II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Food, etc. Flour. Buckwheat. Rye. Wheat: spring patents. Year or 100 lbs. (+)or withprecedrng barrel. Percent (+)or barrel., $ $ $ January C February March A p ril... (i) (2) M ay (2) June... (lj (2) July... 0 ) (2) August... (i) (2) September... (l) October S November (2) Decem ber (2) (2) No quotation for month, * Price unchanged.

97 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Food, etc. Flour. Fruit. Wheat: winter straights. Apples: evaporated, choice. Currants: in barrels. Year or barrel. withprecedmg pound. pound., $ $ $ January February C1) March ) A pril (2) ) M ay ) June C1) July (1) August (ll September (l) (1) October November Decem ber C1) 1Price unchanged Bull s Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent change.

98 98 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Tabus II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Food, etc. Fruit. Prunes: California, in boxes. Raisins: California, London layer. Glucose. Year or pound. withpre-, ceding box. 100 lbs. A verage, $ $ i $ ' January February (2) March (2) (2) A pril (2) May (2) (2) June (2) July (2) (2) (2) August (2) September (2) (2) October (2) (2) November (2) December (2) C2) 1 for Price unchanged.

99 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO Table II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Food, etc. Lard: prime, contract. Fine white. Meal: com. Fine yellow. Year or pound. 100 lbs. 100 lbs., $ $ $ January February March (i) (O A pril ( (0 M ay ) (*) June July C1) ) August C1) ) September October N ovem ber D ecem ber i1) ) i Price unchanged.

100 100 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Food, etc. Meat. Bacon: short clear sides. Bacon: short rib sides. Beef: fresh, carcass, good native steers (Chicago market). Year or pound. pound. ( + ) o r pound., $ $ t1) « C1) (}) h C1) January (i) February March (i) -.2 A pril (i) +.8 May (l) (2) June (l) -.2 July (i) August (v -.5 September M October (0 +.9 November (2).1300 (*) (2) December (X) (2) i No relative computed. For explanation, see p Price unchanged,

101 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Food, etc. Meat. Beef: fresh, native sides (New York market). Beef: salt, extra mess. Hams: smoked. Year or pound. withjpreceding barrel. pound. ( ) com, $ $ $ i ^ ^ January February March A pril M ay (») June July August C1) September October (i) ( N ovem ber December _ * O At ) Price unchanged,

102 102 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Food, etc. Meat. Mutton: dressed. Pork: salt, mess. Poultry: dressed, fowls western, dry picked. Year or pound. barrel. ( ) com pound., $ $ $ (!) , January o February m March (i) A pril A) M ay C1) June ) +.6 July m August (i» September (i) October November December No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 29.

103 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Food, etc. Milk: fresh. Molasses: New Orleans, open kettle. Rice: domestic, choice. Year or quart. gallon. pound., $ $ $ C1) ) January February ) m ) March V1) A pril ri) (1) M ay (i) (i) June W ) July m (1) August (lj September (li (9 October (v (9 November... ; (i) (9 December ) o> <9 1 Price unchanged.

104 1 0 4 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE W HOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YE A R, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Food, etc. Salt: American. Soda: bicarbonate of, American. Spices: pepper, Singapore. Tear or barrel. ( C om pound. ( ) com pound., $ $ $ ' C1) (l) ) ) ) January February m M arch V1) w A pril (ll ( / M ay \l) June July m August v) September in ( V October (ii Novem ber (ii (i) December c ) ) i Price unchanged.

105 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO T a b l e II. AVERAG E W HOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH Y E A R, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Food, etc. Starch: pure corn. 96 *centrifugal. Sugar. Granulated. Year or pound. withprecedmg pound. pound. ( ) com, $ $ $ ) C1) C1) C1) ) , O ) W January February A ) i March (1) A pril (1) May ( / June l1) July n\ August September v) October ( / November V/ December i Price unchanged.

106 1 0 6 BULLETIN OE THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. AVERAGE W H O LESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH Y E A R, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Food, etc. Tallow. Tea: Formosa, fine. Vegetables: Fresh. Cabbage. Year or pound. pound. o f increase pound. (+ ) or, $ $ $ a) w ) (i) b) January m February (12) March (2) (2) (i) A p ril (2) (is M ay (i) June (2) (3) July (2) (3) A ugust (2) (2) (3) September » C1) October (2) C1) November (2) h December (2) W No relative computed. For explanation, see p. 29. * No quotation for 2 Price unchanged.

107 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAG E W HOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH Y E A R, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Food, etc. Onions. Vegetables: Fresh. Potatoes: white. Vinegar: cider,monarch. Year or Aver- per barrel. per 100 lbs. Aver- Percent ( - ) com with preceding per bushel. ( - ) com with preceding per gallon. Percent ( - ) com with preceding, $ January... February... March... April... M ay... June... J uly... August... Septem ber.. October... N ovem ber.. Decem ber , (2) i Price unchanged $ $ ( ( ^ ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (9 2 No quotation for

108 1 0 8 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Table II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Blankets. Bags: 2-bushel, Amoskeag. A ll wool, 5 pounds to the pair. Cotton. Year or per bag. Per cent ( + ) o r decreasage Aver ( - ) com pound. per with preceding Per cent de- ( - ) com with preceding 11-4,5 lbs. to the pair, cotton warp, cotton and wool filling, average per pound. Cotton, 2 pounds to the pair, average per pair. Per cent ( + ) o r ( - ) com with preceding, $ $0, $0, 'l C1) * A 0 ) $0, i\ o C1) C) j\ s i l s ) Januarv February C1) March April (i) Mav (') June ) ) 0 ) ) (l) July (0 August C1) September ) October (!) N ovem ber C1) December C1) C1) ) 0 ) Price unchanged.

109 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Boots and shoes: Men s. Year or Brogans, split, average pair. Seamless creedmores, average pair. ( ) com Calf bal. shoe, Goodyear welt, dongola top, average pair. V ici calf shoe, Blucher bal., average pair. ( ) com, $ $ (i) (i) ) O) (!) (1J ) (!) (i) ) (i) $ ) $ January February (i) (\\ March (!) i 1) A pril (i) Ol M a y (i) ) June (!) O) July (i) ) August o ) September ) ) October ) N ovem ber (i) (!) December (i) ) 1 Price unchanged,

110 1 1 0 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Men s vici kid shoes, Goodyear welt. Boots and shoes. W omen s solid grain shoes. Broadcloths: first quality,black, 54-inch, X X X wool. Year or pair. pair. yard. A verage, $ $ $1, (i) P) (i) P) (l) P) P) P) P) P) P) (i) P) P> P) P) P) P) P) (1» P) (1) P) P) P) P) January February (l) P) P) March (l) P) A p ril (l) (l) P) M ay P) P) June P) P) P) July P) P) P) August P) P) P) September P) P) October P) P) P) N ovem ber P) P) P) December P) P) P) 1 Price unchanged.

111 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO I l l Table II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Carpets. Calico: 64 b y 64. Brussels: 5-frame, Bigelow. Ingrain: 2-ply, Lowell. Year or Cocheco prints, average per yard. American standard prints, average per yard. Per cent ( + ) r ( - ) com with preceding per yard. Per cent ( + ) o r ( - ) com with preceding per yard. Per cent ( + ) o r ( - ) com with preceding, January... F e b ru a ry... March... A pril... M ay... June... July... August... Septem ber... October... N ovem b er... December $ $ < ) ) C1) C1) ) C1) ) * $ ) ) (*) ) ) (2) (2) ) O) (2) O) (i) (2) (!) (!) (2) O) (1) (2) (!) (1) (2) C1) ) (2) (1) (2) O) (2) (i) (!) (2) ) (2) ) ) (2) 1Price unchanged. 2 No quotation.

112 112 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Table II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Carpets. Cotton flannels. Wilton: 5-frame, Bigelow. 2f yards to the pound. 3 yards to the pound. Year or yard. yard. yard. ( ) com, $ $ $ C1) C1) (D ( ) ) ) C) C1) C1) ) ' C) ( January O /n February (v (l) V / March m M (1) April w M v) M ay (i) w V1) June (*) C) C1) July (i) (i) (1) August ( H W I1) September (!) C1) October ) ) November December C1) ) (*) i Price unchanged.

113 W H O LESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Cotton thread: 6-cord, 200- yard spools, J. & P. Coats, freight paid. Carded, white, mule-spun, northern, cones, 10/1. Cotton yarns. Carded, white, mule-spun, northern, cones, 22/1. Year or spool. ( ) com -. withprecedrng pound. pound. ( ) com, $ $ i i i b) (2) (2) (2) b) (2) (2) V2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) January February (2) (2) March (2) (2) A pril m (2) M ay (2) (2) June (2) July (2) (2) (2) August (2) (2) September (2) October (2) N ovem ber (2) December (2) (2) 1 Records destroyed. Price estimated b y person who furnished data for later years. * Price unchanged Bull

114 1 1 4 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Drillings. Denims: Amoskeag. Brown: Pepperell. 30-inch. Year or per yard. ( + ) r ( ) com per yard. ( ) com withprecedrng Stark A., average per yard. Massachusetts D standard, average per yard. ( + ) r ( ) com, $i M) $ $ January... F ebru ary... M arch... A p ril... M ay... June... J uly... A ugust... Septem ber.. October... N ovem b er.. D ecem ber G).0o * ) * $ G) (i) (i) (l) (v (i) (!) G) G) G) G) G) (M G) G) (J) (i) (i) (i) (!) Price unchanged. (1)

115 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Flannels: white, 4-4, Ballard Yale No. 3. Amoskeag. Ginghams. Lancaster. Year or yard. ( ) com yard. yard. ( ) com, $ $ $ (i) (*) C1) O) January February ) March ) O) P) A p ril O) b) M ay ) (i) O) June (') ( l) h July ) P) ) August O) September (l) O) October ) ) N ovem ber ) C1) ) December ) b) i Price unchanged.

116 1 16 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Horse blankets: all wool, 6 pounds each. Hosiery. Men s cotton half hose: seamless, fast black, 20 to 22 ounce, 160 needles. Year or per pound. ( + ) or ( ) com with preceding Twothread, average pairs, September Singlethread, average dozen pairs, September Singlethread, carded ( + ) or deyarn, average dozen pairs. crease ( ), com with preceding m onth., $0, ) C1) C1) January February n\ March iii April ( v May iii June (*) July August C1) September October ill Novem ber December $ Price unchanged $ $ ) ) )

117 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Hosiery. Year or W om en s cotton hose: com bed yarn. W omen s cotton hose: seamless, fast black, single thread, carded yam. dozen pairs. of increase ( + ) or ( ) com with preceding 26 to 28 ounce, 160 to 176 needles, dozen pairs; September 26 ounce, 176 needles, average dozen pairs. of increase ( + or ( ) com with preceding, i $1, $ x (2) (2) : (2) $ (2) January Pebm ary ( 2) March (2) A pril M MTay (2) June ( 2y July (2) August (2) September V2) October (2) November (2) December (2) i for Price unchanged.

118 1 1 8 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Leather. Calf. Harness: oak Year or W ax calf, 30 to 40 Chrome lbs. to the dozen, B calf, average grade, average sq. foot. sq. foot. (+)or ( ) com Country middles, average pound. Packers' hides, average pound. ( ) com $ $ n ft * $ (i) $ , January February A") (l) M arch M A pril l1) l1) M ay C1) C1) June July t 1* August (i) September )i\ i1) October )n N ovem ber m )n December (i) i Price unchanged,

119 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Leather. Sole: hemlock. Sole: oak. Barbour. Year or pound. ( + ) r pound. pound. ( ) com, $ $ $ ) (i) ) ) ) ) ) ) G) (1) ) * (!) (1) (v ) 1913* January February O) ) March W ) ) A pril ) O) M ay V) June ) July (1) August P) G) (1) September l1) G) (1) October ) (1) N ovem ber ) ( 1) December ) G> O) i Price unchanged.

120 120 BULLETIN OE THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Overcoatings. Covert cloth. Year or Lightweight staple goods, average per yard. 14-ounce, average per yard. ( ) com Kersey, 27 to 28 ounce, average per yard. Soft faced, black, plain twill, 24-ounce, average per yard., ( ) com, i $ (2) (*) (2) (2) ( 2) (2) $ (2) ( 2) ( 2) (2) $ January... February... March... April... M ay... June (2) ( 2) (2) (2) (2) (2) ( 2) ( 2) (2) (2) July... August September. October Novem ber. December (2) (2) ( 2) V2) ( v (2) (2) ( 2) (2) (2) (2) ( 2) 1 for * Price unchanged. Digitized for FRASER

121 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Print cloths: 64 by 64. Sheetings: bleached. 10-4, Pepperell. 10-4, Wamsutta S. T. Year or yard. m onths yard. yard., $ $ $ , ) h o January February (J) m March (!) A pril (J) (1) M av (v June ) ) July ) ) ) August (i) September (!) October Novem ber C1) December C1) (') 1 Price unchanged.

122 122 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Sheetings: brown. 4-4, Indian Head. 4-4, Pepperell R. Year or per yard. of increase ( ) com year or per yard. of increase ( ) com year or, $ $ ^ , ) January February (i) (i) March (l) (i) A pril v1/ (i) M ay (l) (v June (0 July (i) (!) August (i) C1) September (i) October (0 Novem ber ) ) December ( ( l) 1 Price unchanged.

123 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 1913, 123 T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Sheetings: brown. Shirtings: bleached. Year or 4 1 Stark A, average yard. 4-4, Massachusetts Mills, Flying Horse Brand, average yard. Lawrence L. L., average yard. 4-4, Ware Shoals L. L., average yard. Percent ( ) com 4-4, Fruit of the Loom. yard. ( ) com, $ ; SO $ SO January... February... March... A pril... M ay... June... July... Auigust... September... October... Novem ber... December Price unchanged, $ S ) ) (l) (l) (l) ) ) ) ( (l) ) (l>

124 124 BULLETIN OE THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. A V E R A G E W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F O R E A C H Y E A R, 1890 T O 1913, A N D F O R E A C H M O N T H O F 1913 Continued. 4-4, Williams ville, A 1. * Price unchanged.

125 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Shirtings, bleached, 4-4, Wamsutta Italian, classical. Silk, raw. Japanese, filatures. Year or yard. Percent ( + ) o r pound. pound. ( + ) o r ( ) com withprecedmg, $ $ $ Tfl.mifl.ry February March v ) ' A pril v ) M ay (v June w July m ) August w September w October November (v December tt i Price unchanged.

126 126 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Suitings. Clay worsted diagonal, 12-ounce. Clay worsted diagonal, 16-ounce. Blue, Middlesex. Year or yard. yard. Indigo blue, all wool, 14-ounce, 54-inch, average yard. W ooldyed blue, 15-ounce, inch, average yard. Percent ( - ) com with preceding year or A verage, i $ i $ $ (*) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) L $ January February (2) March (2) (2) (2) April (2) (2) (2) M a y (2) (2) (2) June (2) (2) (2) July (2) (2) (2) August (2) Septem ber (*) (2) October C2) (2) (2) N ovem ber « (2) ) December (2) 1.2S (2) (2) i for Price unchanged.

127 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Suitings: serge. Tickings: Amoskeag A. C. A. Year or Washington Mills, 6700, average per yard. 11-ounce Fulton Mills, 3192, average yard. ( ) com year or yard. ( ) com year or, i $ $ (2) (2) $ January February (2) March (2) (2) A pril (2) C2) M av (2) (2) June (2) July (2) (2) August i September (2) October (2) (2) N ovem ber ( 2) (2) Decem ber (2) (2) i for Price unchanged.

128 128 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. A V E R A G E W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F O R E A C H Y E A R, 1890 TO 1913, A N D F O R E A C H M O N T H O F 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Trouserings: fancy worsted. Underwear: shirts and drawers. Year or ounce, average pound ounce, average pound. ( ) com W hite, all wool, average, 12 garments. Natural, 50 per cent wool, average, 12 garments. Percent ( ) com, i $ $ (*) (2) (2) (2) m (2) (2) (2) (2)' '' m $ m m (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) « (2) $ (2) (2) January February (2) (2) March (2) (2) April m (2) M a y w (2) June (2) (2) July (2) (2) August (2) (2) September (2) (2) October (2) v2) Novem ber (2) (2) December (2) (2) i for to 19 ounce to 17J ounce. * Price unchanged. 618-ounce. 819 to 20 ounce. 17 to 18 ounce.

129 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a ble II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Underwear. Women s dress goods. Year or Shirts and drawers, white, merino, full-fashioned, 52 per cent wool, 48 per cent cotton, 24-gauge, average 12 garments. Shirts and drawers, white, merino, 60 per cent wool, average 12 garments. Union suits, natural merino, 40 per cent wool, light weight, average 12 garments. (--) com with preceding year or twill, 38- inch, Atlantic Mills J, average per yard. Cashmere: all wool. 8-9 twin, 35- inch, Atlantic Mills, average per yard. ( + )o r ( ) com with preceding, $ $ ) ( (!) O) (i) $ ( ( ( (D.3920 $ ( (1) (D $ m m January Fflhmary ( (9 ]Warch ( (9 A pril ( m M ay ( (9 June ( \9.Tnly ( (9 August ( \4 September ( (9 October ( November T ( (9 December (9 _ ( Bull i Price unchanged.

130 130. BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MON'fH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Women s dress goods. Cashmere: Cotton warp, Atlantic Mills F. Cashmere: Cotton warp, Hamilton. Year or per yard. of increase ( ) com 27-inch, average per yard. 36-inch, average per yard. of increase ( ) com $ $ (i) m (i) $ (i) ) January February._ (i\ (i) March M M A pril ) M ay (i) June (i) (1) July (i) August September C) t1) October m November (») m December W <*5 1 Price unchanged.

131 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Women s dress goods. All wool. Cotton warp. Year or Franklin sackings, 54-inch, average yard. Panama cloth, 54-inch, average yard. ( ) com Cashmere, 22-inch, Hamilton, average per yard. Poplar cloth, worsted filling, 36-inch, average yard. (+)or ( ) com, $ $ O) (!) (i) V O) $ (!) ), January February (V) n\ March (i) l1) A pril m m Mav (i) C) June (i) C) July (!) (!) August (1) (!) September (!) O) October (1) N ovem ber ) (!) December V) Price unchanged.

132 132 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. ' T a b l e I I. A V E R A G E W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F O R E A C H Y E A R, 1890 TO 1913, A N D F O R E A C H M O N T H O F 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. Women's dress goods: icotton warp. W ool: Ohio, fine fleece (X anu X X grade), scoured. Year or Alpaca, 22-inch, Hamilton, average per yard Danish cloth, 'worsted filling, 22-inch, average yard. Sicilian cloth, 50-inch, average yard. ( ) com pound ( ) com, $ SO (i) i1) f1) % (i) ,of $ SO (i) (i) m January February C) (i) March m (i) A pril l1) M ay C) June O) July (1) (i) August C) ) September October (0 N ovem ber (i) December (*) ) i Price unchanged.

133 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T ab le I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cloths and clothing. W ool: Ohio, medium fleece (1 and grade), scoured. 2-40s, Australian fine. Worsted yam s.1 White, in skeins. Year or per pound. Per cent of increase ( + ) o r ( - ) com with preceding per pound. Per cent of increase ( + ) o r ( - ) com with preceding 2-40s, X X X, average per pound. 2 32s, crossbred stock, average per pound Per cent of increase ( + ) o r ( - ) com with preceding, $ $ $ U SO January February (2) (2) (2) March A p ril (2) (2) (2) M ay ' June (2) (2) (2) July (2) /.o (2) August (2) (2) September (2) (2) (2) October (2) (2) N ovem ber (2) December (2) s X X X X, 2 Price unchanged.

134 134 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Table II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Fuel and lighting. Candles: adamantine, 6s, 14-ounce. Broken. Coal: anthracite. Chestnut. Year or pound. ton. ton. ( + ) o r, $ $ $ C) ) C1) ) ) ( 2) _ ( 2 ) ( 2) (2) ( 2 ) ( 2) ( 2) m (2) (i) _ ( 2) (i) l 1) January February m ( 2) ( 2) March (ii ) ( 2) A pril O M ay ( i ) ( 2) June ) July ) A ugust ( 2) September ( i ) O ctober ( i ) N ovem ber ( i ) ( 2) ( 2) Decem ber ) ( 2) i Price unchanged. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent change.

135 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Fuel and lighting. Coal: anthracite. Coal: bituminous. Egg. Stove. Georges Creek (at mine). Year or ton. ( + ) o r withprecedrng ton. ( + ) o r ton., $ $ $ ( ( ) C 1) ) G ) C 1) Q January February (2) March (2) 5.20p (2) A p ril mi (2) M ay (2) June July A ugust September October (2) Novem ber t C1) Decem ber ( Less than one-tenth of 1 cent change. 2 Price unchanged.

136 136 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Fuel and lighting. Georges Creek (f. o. b. New York Harbor). Coal: bituminous. Pittsburgh (Youghiogheney). Coke: Connellsville, furnace. Year or ton. Percent bushel. ( + ) o r withprecedmg ton. ( + ) o r, $ $ $ G) * January February G) G) March (1) m A pril &8 May M June G) G) July G) August G) September October ) November G) G) December G) Price unchanged.

137 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Fuel and lighting. Matches: 200s. Petroleum: crude. Year or Parlor, domestic, average 144 boxes. Globe No. 1, average 144 boxes. of increase ( + ) or ( ) com with preceding year cr per barrel. of increase ( + ) or ( ) corn with preceding, $ January... February... March... A pril... M ay... June... July... A u g u st..-. September. October November. December $ ,9500,9500,9500,9500,9500, , ) ) (l) 99.6 (l) ) 99.6 C1) ) ) 85.4 m 85.4 m 85.4 (l) 85.4 o j (i) 85.4 (1) 85.4 (1) 85.4 (i) $ [is 1Price unchanged,

138 138 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Fuel and lighting. Petroleum. Year or per gallon. Refined: for export. of increase ( + ) or ( ) com Refined: 150 fire test, water white. per gallon. of increase ( + ) or ( ) com with preceding, $ $ l i January February m March w April V1/ M ay (1) June July August September October Novem ber December i Price unchanged,

139 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Metals and implements. Augers: extra. Axes. Year or f-inch, average each. 1-inch, average each. of increase ( ) com with preceding M.C. O. Yankee, average each. Essex, average per dozen. of increase ( ) com with preceding, $ $ January February March April May June July August September October N ovem ber December $ G) G) G) G) G) G) $ G) (i) (i) w Q) v1) (i) (l) (i) G) G) m G) (v G) vl) G> (l) G) G) G) G) G) Price unchanged.

140 140 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OP COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Metals and implements. Bar iron. Best refined, from store (Philadelphia market). From mill (Pittsburgh market). Barb wire: galvanized. Year or per pound. Per cent of increase <+) or < - ) com with preceding Best refined, average per pound. Common to best refined, average per pound. Per cent of increase ( + ) or ( - ) com with preceding per 100 lbs. Per cent of increase ( + ) or ( - ) com with preceding, $ $ $ January... February... March... A pril... M ay... June... July... A u gu st.... September. O ctober... Novem ber. December i $ (i) i1) m O) « (2) m ) (i) O) C1) (!) (1) (i) ) (i) (i) C) C1) (i) ) 1 Price unchanged,

141 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. A V E R A G E W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F O R E A C H Y E A R, 1890 TO 1913, A N D F O R E A C H M O N T H O F 1913 Continued. Metals and implements. Butts. Chisels: iextra, socket firmer, 1-inch. Year or Loose joint, cast, 3 b y 3 inch, average pair. Loose pin, wrought steel, 31by3 inch, average pair. Loose wrought steel, 3\hy 3} inch, average dozen pairs. ( ) com each. ( ) com, $ $ (i) (i) C1) (i) (i) (l) ) ( $ ( hj $ (i) (!) \ January February (!) m March V1) April m (i) M ay m l1) June (1) (!) July (1) August (i) September October V N ovem ber M (i) (n December ( c ) i Price unchanged.

142 142 BULLETIN OE THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Table II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Metals and implements. Copper. Ingot. Sheet: hot rolled (base sizes). W ire: hare. Year or Lake, average per pound. Electrolytic, average per pound. Per cent of increase (+)or ( - ) com with preceding per pound. Per cent of increase ( - ) com with preceding per pound. Per cent of increase ( + ) ox ( - ) com with preceding, $ $ $ ) ) C1) * $ C1) January... February March... A pril... May... June a G ) ) C1) ) July... August... September. October Novem ber. December C1) P it ). 1 Price unchanged.

143 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO a T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Metals and implements. D oorknobs: steel, bronze-plated. Files: 8-inch mill, bastard. Hammers: May dole, No. 1J. Year or per pair. Per cent of increase ( - ) com with preceding year or per dozen. Per cent of increase ( + ) r ( - ) com with preceding year or each. per dozen. Per cent of increase ( + ) o r de- ( - ) com with preceding year or, $ $ P) P) P) P) P) P) P) P) P) ) P) January February P ) P) March P> P) A pril p> May w ) June P) July (l> August P) September P) P) October P) N ovem ber Y P) December P) p ) $ $ SC Price unchanged,

144 1 4 4 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Metals and implements. Pig. Lead. Pipe. Locks: common mortise. Year or pound. ( ) com 100 pounds. ( + ) o r withprecedmg % each. Percent ( + ) o r, $ $ $ ) h L6 0 ) ) _ L ) January February ( ) (i) (i) March (i) v ) A pril rii (i) (i) M ay (i) f ) June ) C1) C) July ) ) C1) August ) September October C1) I1) N ovem ber ) December ) i Price unchanged,

145 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Metals and implements. Nails: 8-penny, fence, and common. Pig iron. Cut. Wire. Bessemer. Year or 100 lbs. 100 lbs. ton., $ $ $ * ' January February ) G) o j March C) ) A pril V M ay (1) ) June ) ) July ) ( August September October ) November ( December Price unchanged Bull

146 1 4 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Metals and implements. Pig iron. Foundry No. 1. Foundry No. 2. Gray forge: southern, coke. ' Year or per ton. ton. ton. ( + )o r, $ $ $ , io January February March C1) A pril M ay ) June July August C1) September ) October (*) N ovem ber (i) December ) ) 1 Price unchanged.

147 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 1913, T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Metals and implements. Planes: jack planes Quicksilver. Saws. Crosscut: Disston, No. 2. Year or Bailey No. 5, average each. No. 414, average each. Sargent Per cent <+> or de- ( - ) com with preceding per pound. Per cent <+> or ( - ) com with preceding each. Per cent ( + ) or ( - ) com with preceding, $ $ January February March April May June July August September October N ovem ber December i ) C) C1) 8 1 Price unchanged. $ $ (i) (i) (i) ) P) (i) (i) ) (!) (1) (1) v ) lbo.o C1) (i) (!) ( v (1) C) C1) ) ) (i) ) A) w (l) ) C1) (l) C1) ) (x) V ' (l) )

148 1 4 8 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Metals and implements. Saws. Hand Disston No. 7. Shovels: Amesj, No. 2. Silver: b ar,:one. Year or dozen. dozen. ( + ) o r pi ice per ounce. ( + ) o r ( ) com, $ $ I$ (l) ) $ C1) ^ ) ) C1) (i) (n w C1) w m v ) ) ?1) (1) C1) ) (*) (i) (l i C1) m (l) (i) ( 2) C1) January February (}) March ) A pril (J) C1) M ay June $ C1) July ) ) August ) (') September ) ) October o h Novem ber ) C1) Decem ber ) ) Price unchanged, 9Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.

149 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO Table II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Metals and implements. Steel. Billets. Rails. Sheets : black, N o. 27. Year or ton. withprecedmg ton. pound. Rela-* tive, $ $ i $ * (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) lo (2) January February (2) March (2) (2) (2) A p ril (2) (2) (2) M ay (2) June (2) (2) July (2) A ugust (2) (2) September (2) O ctober (2) N ovem ber (2) Decem ber (2) for the period, July, 1894, to December, Price unchanged.

150 1 5 0 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Metals and implements. Tin. tug. Plate: domestic!, Bessemer, coke. Trowels: brick, loi-inch. Year or Per Per cent cent of in crease Aver- de- Aver deage Rela crease age Rela crease tive ( - ) tive ( - ) per com per 100 compound. lbs. with with pre preceding ceding M. C. O., average each. Johnson s, average per dozen. Per cent de- ( - ) com with preceding, $ i $ January... February... March... April... M ay... June.... July... August... September. October N ovem ber., D ecem ber ! , , , , (») (4) (2) <2) (*) (2) /5 (2) (2) $ $ i for Price unchanged.

151 ' WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Metals and implements. Vises: solid box, 50 pound. W ood screws: 1-inch, No. 10, flat head. Year or Firm No. 1, average each. Firm No. 2, average each. ( ) com year or gross. ( ) com year or, $ $ V (i) $ ) ) January February (!) m March i1) A pril (i) i1) M ay (i) June (i) i 1) )i\ July (!) ) August (1) September c1) ft October ft N ovem b er ( 0 December ) ft Price unchanged.

152 1 5 2 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Metals and implements. Zinc. Sheet. Spelter (pig). Year or 100 lbs. of increase ( + ) or ( ) com with preceding pound. ( ) com year or, $ $ * C1) January February March A pril M ay June July August September October C) N ovem ber December Price unchanged.

153 WHOLESALE PEICES, 1890 TO T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Brick: common domestic. Portland: domestic. Cement. Rosendale. Year or M. ( + ) o r barrel. barrel., $ *$ $ (2) (2) (2) Tn.nna.ry February (2) (2) (2) March (2; (2) <*) April m (2) (2) May (2) (2) June (2) July (2) (2) August (2) (2) September (2) (2) October (*) (2) (2) N ovem ber (2) (2) (2) December (2) (2) i for s Price unchanged.

154 1 5 4 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Doors: white pine, 2 feet 8 inches b y 6 feet 8 inches. Year or Unmolded, U inches thick (Buffalo market), average per door. Western, I f inches thick, 5 panel, No. 1, O. G. (B uffalo market), average per door. Western, I f inches thick, 5 panel, No. 1, O. G. (Chicago market), average per door. Western, 11 inches thick, 4 panel, No. 2, O. G. (Chicago market), average per door. of increase ( ) com year or, $ ) S $ $ $ j (V) March... i Auril ! * January... February M a v (i) J u n e (!) July August (i) September O) October N ovem ber... i (l) December (}) i Price unchanged.

155 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. A V E R A G E W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F O R E A C H Y E A R, 1890 TO 1913, A N D F O R E A C H M O N T H O F 1913 Continued. i Price unchanged.

156 156 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a ble I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Lumber and budding materials. Glass, window. American, single, firsts, 6 b y 8 to 10 b y 15 inches. American, single, thirds, 6 b y 8 to 10 b y 15 inches. Lim e: common. Year or 50 sq. ft. ( + ) r 50 sq. ft. withpreceding barrel. withprecedmg, $ $ $ C1) yi C1) ) January February ) ) a ) March ) w A pril }i ) C1) M ay v ) ) June ) ) ) July n) (i) August v ) C1) ) September (1) October \ ) V (!) N ovem ber (i) (i) (!) December C1) o ) C1) 1Price unchanged.

157 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Lumber. Hemlock. Maple: hard. Oak: while, plain. Year or M feet. ( + ) o r M feet. months M feet. ( + ) o r, $ $ $ i.o C1) ) ) * ( l) ) C> ) ) (l) * January February ) March C1) (>) April (l) M ay (*) (O O June (l) (l) ) July... (2) August C1) (j) September <j> ( l) October (i) ) November (i) (i) ) Decem ber o ( ) ) (2) (2) Price unchanged. 2 No quotation for

158 1 5 8 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Table II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Lumber. Oak: white, quartered. Pine: white, boards, N o.:2 barn. Year or M feet. ( + ) o r ( ) com Buffalo market, average M feet. New York market, average M feet. ( + ) o r ( ) com, $ $ (l) $ January February March m h ) A pril a) June l1) C1) July... (2) (2) August (1) September f) October m (i) Novem ber )n Decem ber m (i) 1 Price unchanged. 2 No quotation for

159 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Lumber. Pine: white, boards, uppers. Pine: yellow, flooring. Pine: yellow, siding. Year or Buffalo market, average per M feet. New York market, average perm feet. Per cent ( - ) com with preceding year or perm feet. Per cent ( + ) r ( - ) com with preceding year or p erm feet. Per cent ( + ) o r R elative com ( - ) with preceding year or, $ $ (i) (i) $ (2) (i) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) January (2) February /i\ (2) (!) (i) March f1 2) (2) A p ril t1) (2) }i) a ) M ay m (2) (i) June W (2) « C) July... (3) (3) (3) August /n (2) l. i September m (2) October l1) (2) 0 ) y N ovem ber (l) (2) (1) ) December (2) C) (9 1 Price unchanged. 2 N o relative computed. For explanation, see p No quotation for

160 1 6 0 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Lumber and building materials. ^Lumber. Paint materials. Poplar. Spruce. Lead, carbonate of: American, in oil. Year or *Mfeet.,(+ ) or M feet. withprecedmg pound. Relar tive Percent ( ) com w ithprecedmg, $ $ $ ) C1) (D , * January February C) March c1) C1) A pril f1) ' May \ll June ) «: July... (2) (2) m August ) i n\ i1) September w October v1) (!) N ovem ber (v w December ) i1) Price unchanged. 2 No quotation for month,

161 WHOLESALE PBICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Paint materials. Linseed oil: raw. Turpentine, spirits of. Zinc, oxide of. Year or gallon. gallon. pound. Percent ( + ) o r ( ) com, $ $ $ (l) / ( January February (l) March A pril May (i) June (0 July (1) August (l) September October <») November ) December ( l> Bull i Price unchanged.

162 1 6 2 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Lumber and building materials. Putty. Rosin: good, strained. Shingles: cypress. Year or pound. ( + ) o r barrel. ( ) com per M., $ $ $ C1) C) ) C1) C1) (*) ) ) ) ) January February C1) C1) March (1) C1) A p ril C) M ay (*) June C1) July C1) ) A ugust September ) q) October ) November C1) ) (l) December C1) ' (l) i Price unchanged.

163 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Lumber and building material. Shingles. Tar. Year or W hite pine, 18in.long, average per M. Michigan white pine, 16in.long, x x x x, average per M. Red cedar, 16in.long, average per M. elative ( + ) or ( ) com barrel. ( + ) or ( ) com, $ $ O0O $ January... February... March... A pril... M ay... June... July... August... September... October... N ovem ber... December $ , ) C1) C1) G) Price unchanged.

164 1 6 4 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Drugs and chemicals. Grain. Alcohol. W ood: refined, 95 pet cent. Alum : lump. Year or gallon. withprecedmg gallon. withprecedmg pound., $ $ $ ) ( ( ( ) ( ( (i) C1) (i) ( ) (ll ( January February ) m March ) ( G) A p ril <9 May ( (9 June ( ( (9 July ( (l) (9 August ( (9 September ( (9 October ( (9 November ( ( (9 Decem ber ( ( (9 i Price unchanged.

165 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 1913, T a ble II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Drugs and chemicals. Brimstone: crude, seconds. Glycerin: refined. Muriatic acid: 20. Year or ton. pound. ( ) com withpreceding pound. ( ) com, $ $ $ (i) (i) January February m March ( / A pril ) (i) M ay (n V1) June ) Ju ly August September W October (1) Novem ber (1) December ) Price unchanged,

166 1 6 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. T ab le II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Drugs and chemicals. Opium: natural, in cases. Quinine: American. Sulphuric acid: 66. Year or pound. ( + ) o r ounce. pound., $ $ $ ) C1) C1) ) ) ) (!) (*) January February C1) March C1) C1) A p ril C1) (}) May ) June C1) Q ) W July ) (i) August C1) September C) (!) ) October C1) C1) C1) November ) C1) December ) , C1) 1 Price unchanged,

167 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. House-furnishing goods. Earthenware. Plates cream colored. Plates: white granite. Teacups and saucers: white granite. Year or per dozen. Per cent of increase ( + or ( - ) com with preceding per dozen. Per cent of increase ( + ) r ( - ) com with preceding per gross (6 dozen cups and 6 dozen saucers). per dozen cups and dozen saucers. Per cent of increase ( - ) com with preceding, $ $ $ C1) (i) f1) (i) (i) (!) (!) (i) (i) / ) (i) (i) (!) (i) (i) l1) (i) (i) o ) (i) ) (!) C1) C1) ( January (i) ) February (i) (l ) March ) O) A pril ( (1) n\ M!av ( (i) /n June (1) C) l1) J u ly (1) m August C1) l 1) September ) m October (i) i1) Novem ber (1) C1) (l) December ) C1) (1) 1 Price unchanged.

168 1 6 8 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. House-furnishing goods. Furniture. Bedroom sets. Chairs: bedroom, maple. Chairs: kitchen. Year or Ash, average per set. per set Iron bedstead, hardwood dresser and washstands, aver- ( - ) com with preceding Per cent of increase ( + ) o r Aver- per dozen. Relar tive Per cent of increase ( - f ) o r ( - ) com with preceding per dozen. Relar tive Per cent of increase ( + ) o r ( - ) com with preceding A verage, $10, $8, $ $11, January... February... March... April... May.... June... July... August September. O ctober..., Novem ber. December C1) ) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (*) ) C1) ) ) (i) ) (i) (i ) ) i Price unchanged.

169 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. House-furnishing goods. Furniture. Glassware. Tables: kitchen. Nappies: 4-inch. Pitchers: ^-gallon, common. Year or dozen. dozen. dozen. ( ) com, $14, $0, $ P) P) P) ) P) p ) P) P) P) P) P) P) P) P) p ) P) P) P) P) P) P) P) P) P) ) P) ) P) P) h P) P) p ) P) C1) , p> P) h P) P) P) P) V) P) ) P) January February P) ) P) March P) p> P A pril P) M ay P) (i) V1) June P) p) C1) July (!) p> P) * August P) p> P) September P) p> P) October P) (1) P) November P) P) P) December P) P) P) i Price unchanged.

170 170 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. A V E R A G E W H O L E S A L E P R IC E S O F C O M M O D IT IE S F O R E A C H Y E A R, 1890 TO 1933, A N D F O R E A C H M O N T H O F 1913 Continued. House-furnishing goods. Glassware. Table cutlery. Tumblers:- J-pint, common. Carvers: stag handles. Knives and forks: cocobolo handles. Year and dozen. pair. gross. ( + ) o r, $ $ $ P G) G) G) G) h G) ) G) ) G) ji ) G) (1) G) G) C1) (1) G) C1) G) G) G) G) G) G) ) m G) C1) G) G) (i) G) January February G) (1) G) March G) w A p ril G) Y M ay G) ) C1) June G) G) V1) July G) ) (i) August G) G) G) September (n m October G) (i) G) Novem ber G) G) G) December G) G) G) 1 Price unchanged.

171 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAG E W H OLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YE A R, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. House-furnishing goods. Woodenware. Year or dozen. Pails: oak-grained. ( ) com, year or nest of 3. Tubs: oak-grained. ( ) com year or, $ $ (i) G) G) (») G) G) ) G) G) G) ) ) G) January February (V) G) March A pril G) ) M ay G) G) June G) ) July G) G) August G) G) September G) G) October G) G) N ovem ber ) ) December G) ) 1 Price unchanged.

172 1 7 2 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Cottonseed meal. Miscellaneous * Cottonseed oil: summer yellow, prime. Year or ton of 2,000 lbs. ( ) com with preceding gallon. pound. ( ) com -, with preceding A verage, $ $ $ January February March A p ril ) M ay June July (i) August September October November December Price unchanged.

173 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Miscellaneous. Jute. Malt: western made. Paper. News. Year or Raw, firm, No. 1, average per pound. Raw, M- double triangle, firm No. 2, average per pound. Per cent of increase < +) or ( - ) com with preceding per bushel. Per cent of increase C +)or ( - ) com with preceding per pound. Per cent of increase ( - ) com with preceding, $ $ $ * * * $ January... February (i) n\ M a r c h A p ril i1) m M ay (!) June (i) (1) July ) A ugust (1^ September m October m N ovem ber (i) (!) December C1) 1 Price unchanged,

174 1 7 4 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Miscellaneous. Paper. W rapping: manila. Proof spirits. Rope: manila, base sizes. Year or m onth. pound. ( ) com withpreceding gallon. pound., $ $ $ C1) ' ) (l) C1) January February C1) C1) March ) ) A pril ) ) (*) M ay ) (*) ) June ) (l) ) July ) C1) P) A ugust (p ) September October ) (l) N ovem ber (1) h ) December ( ) i Price unchanged.

175 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO 1913, T a b l e I I. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Continued. Miscellaneous. Rubber: Para Island. Soap: Castile, mottled, pure. Starch: laundry. Year or pound. withprecedmg pound. pound. A verage, $ $ $ * ) ) ) C1) January February (J) ) March A p ril (i) ) MTay (i) P) June ) P) July ) P) A ugust ).0350 m e P) September ) October ) Novem ber ) December ) P) i Price unchanged,

176 1 7 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. T a b l e II. AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES OF COMMODITIES FOR EACH YEAR, 1890 TO 1913, AND FOR EACH MONTH OF 1913 Concluded. Miscellaneous. Tobacco. Plug. Smoking: granulated, 1-ounce bags. Year or No. 1, average pound. Series No. 2, average pound. ( ) com m onth. pound. gross of bags. of increase ( + ) o r ( ) com with preceding, $ $ , 1891., 1892., 1893., 1894., l.o ) ) C) ) $ (1).6278 $ C) C) January... February... March... April... May... June ) ) 5, (l) h ) July... August... September. October Novem ber. Decem ber m (v (l) (l) (l) ) Price unchanged.

177 APPENDIXES. APPENDIX I. RELATIVE WHOLESALE PRICES, 1860 TO This series of relative wholesale s was compiled to form a continuous series upon the same base from 1860 to the present time. This period includes the years for which the Senate Finance Committee 1 collected wholesale data, 1860 to 1890, and the years for which the Bureau of Labor Statistics 2 has collected such data, 1890 to The base used by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in both its wholesale and retail compilations is the average for the 10 years 1890 to In this compilation the actual s as published in the Senate Finance Committee report of 1893 were used. The relative of each article in 1890, as shown in Bulletin 39, was used as the medium through which to compute the relative for all the years from 1889 back to It was assumed that the s of the selected articles, as shown in the Senate Finance Committee report, would have stood at the same relative level as that shown for the same articles in Bulletin 39. The average for each article was computed each year from the number of quotations given for the year. Each average actual was reduced to a percentage of the average actual for This percentage was then applied to the established relative for 1890 (Bulletin 39, Bureau of Labor), and a relative produced for the article upon the basis of the average for For example, the average of barley per bushel in the Senate Finance Committee report was 54 cents for 1890 and cents for 1889; thus the in 1889 was per cent of the average in The relative of barley in 1890, as shown in Bulletin 39, was (average = 100).3 Therefore, if barley in 1890 stood at 111.6, and the in 1889 was per cent of the in 1890, the relative of barley in 1889 upon the basis of the average for would be per cent of 111.6, or i Senate Report No (part 2), 2d session 52d Congress, Finance Committee, * Bulletin Nos. 39, 45,51,57,63,69, 75, 81, 87, 93, 99, and See also p. 83 of this bulletin Bull

178 1 7 8 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. This same process was applied to each of the selected articles for each year from 1889 back to The number of articles included varied from year to year from 193 in 1889 to 127 in Many of the articles selected from the Senate Finance Committee report were of the same description as those found in Bulletin 39. Where the same or a similar article could not be had, one of the same class was selected. After the relative for each article had been computed, these relatives for each year were added and the sum divided by the total number of articles quoted for the year. The result was the index of all commodities for that year. The number of articles varied in different years; hence the divisor varied. For instance, in the year 1889 quotations were available for 193 articles, and the sum of their relative s was 21,929.5, which divided by 193 produced as the index of all commodities for that year. But in 1860 quotations for only 127 articles were found, the sum of whose relative s was 7,904.5, which divided by 127 gave as the index for A similar process was used to secure the index for the various groups by years. For example, in the food group, s for 38 articles were compiled in the year 1889, and the sum of their relative s was 4,398.4, which divided by 38 equals as the index for the food group of that year. Again, in 1864, only 29 of the articles in this group showed quotations, with a total of the relative s of 7,092.3, which being divided by 29 produced as the index of wholesale s of food for that year. This explanation applies to all the groups. The following table shows, as explained above, the relative s of commodities by groups from 1860 to The number in small type to the left of each relative indicates the number of articles included in the group for that year.

179 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO RELATIVE PRICES OF COMMODITIES, 1860 TO 1913, BY GROUPS OF COMMODITIES. [ s, 1890 to 1899= The small figures in each column represent the number of commodities upon which the relative for each specified group is based.] Year. Farm products. Food, etc. Cloths and clothing. Fuel and lighting. Metals and implements. Lumber and building materials. Drugs and chemicals. Housefurnishing goods. Miscellaneous. All commodities ii I O ii is i« io ii i« ii I ii io ii t ii ii is ii is i4i ii is & i« ii ii ii io la ii io ii ii i« u ii is Ig76... ii I ii & u ii & ii i" ii ii ii I" n ii n i9i ii n ii « , i« i« i« is S is is is is

180 1 8 0 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, The following table shows the per cent or in the wholesale for each year as com with that for the preceding year. These differences are computed from the relatives for each group as shown on the preceding page. CHANGES IN W H OLESALE PRICES, 1860 TO [ ( ) for each year subsequent to 1860, com with the preceding year, b y groups of commodities.] Year. Farm products. Food, etc. Cloths and clothing. Fuel and lighting. Metals and implements. Lumber and building materials. Drugs and chemicals. House furnishing goods. Miscellaneous. A ll commodities. I ) C1) C) Price unchanged.

181 APPENDIX II. WHOLESALE PRICES IN CANADA, 1890 TO Wholesale s in Canada, according to a report issued by the Canadian department of labor1, show for the year 1913 a cessation in the rapid upward movement which had been practically continuous since 1909, and which had brought the general level by the end of 1912 to a point probably the highest within the present generation. The department of labor index number, which is based on weekly and monthly conditions for 272 commodities selected over the entire field of production and consumption, stood at in January, 1913, and at the same point in December, In the interval there had been a decline to in August. For the year as a whole the number averaged 135.5, a gain of 1.1, com with a gain of 7 points in 1912, of 3.3 points in 1911, and 3 points in These numbers, it will be understood, are percentages of the average s prevailing from 1890 to 1899, the period adopted by the department as the standard of comparison throughout its investigation. The number is unweighted ; that is, it is arrived at by averaging all the 272 commodities on an equal basis. A calculation which assigns weights to the various groups in which the commodities are arranged grains and fodder, animals, meat, dairy produce, fish, textiles, metals, lumber, etc. shows the general level to have declined in 1913, the weighted number being in 1912, and in This decline reflects the marked drop in grain s which followed the heavy crop yield of 1912, grains being given a proportionately high importance in the distribution of weights. The Canadian report expresses the opinion that from the standpoint of cost of living the statistics indicate some alleviation of the situation, as it appeared in 1912, to the extent at least that there has been no intensification of the problem such as has occurred with each successive year for some time past. The most notable exception to the contrary was in the case of meats, which reached a general level higher than ever previously experienced. The aggregate index numbers commonly used by the [Canadian] department are calculated by averaging on an equal basis the index numbers for the several commodities. The effect of this is to give each article an equal importance, whereas from the standpoint of 1 Wholesale s, Canada, Report b y R. H. Coats, editor of the Labor Gazette, Dom inion of Canada, Department of Labor, Ottawa,

182 1 8 2 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. consumption the importance varies materially. This variation, however, is overcome in part by the inclusion of several quotations in the case of the more important commodities, and in part by the fact that several articles are represented indirectly more than once, as, for example, wheat in quotations for bran, shorts, flour, bread, and soda biscuits. There is the additional consideration that weighting is much less called for in an inquiry covering so many articles as the present and at a period unaffected by abnormal conditions such as war, famine, etc. By way, however, of adjusting the group index numbers approximately to their importance, a method based on a system of weights originally suggested by the British Association for the Advancement of Science has been worked out in previous years. W EIG H TS ASSIGNED TO TH E V AR IO U S GROUPS OF COMMODITIES Group. Weight. Group. Weight. Grains and fodder... Animals and meats... Fish... Dairy produce... Other foods... Textiles... Hides, leather, boots, and shoes Metals and implements: Metals... Implements... Fuel and lighting.... Building materials: Lum ber * 7* Building materials Concluded. Miscellaneous building materials.... Paints, etc... House furnishings... Drugs and chemicals... Miscellaneous: Furs... Liquors and tobacco, Sundries... Total The table of weighted and unweighted index numbers is shown below: W E IG H T E D A N D U N W E IG H T E D IN D E X N U M B E R S, 1890 TO Year. Weighted number. Unweighted number. Year. W eighted number. Unweighted ' number An important interest attaching to the weighted number just shown arises from the fact that it is probably on the whole a better index of tendencies in the cost of living than the unweighted index number. This is because in the table of weights the chief importance is assigned to the groups whose level directly affects domestic

183 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO expenditures, no less than 53 of the total of 100 weight units being given to foodstuffs, raw and manufactured, while 10 are assigned to fuel, and 11 to clothing. Judging by the two series, therefore, the depression in 1907 did not have the lowering effect on cost of living that it had on general business; again, during 1912, the steeply upward trend of the weighted series may be regarded as reflecting the serious aspect of the rise from the cost of living viewpoint, and the decline in the past year as showing at least some alleviation. An indication of the movement in 1913 may be obtained from the fact that of the 308 articles for which comparison was available, 159 showed increases, 45 remained unchanged, and 104 showed declines. The following three summary tables show in a concise form the results of the investigation of wholesale s as given in the report of the Canadian department of labor. P E R CEN T OF IN C R E A SE IN PR ICES IN 1913 O V E R C E R T A IN O T H E R Y E A R S, B Y G R O U PS OF COM M ODITIES. Group. Com with Com decade with Com with the low year. Com with Grains and fodder U Animals and meats Dairy products Fish Other foods Textiles: W oolens Cottons Silk F la x Jute Oilcloths Hides, tallow, leather, boots and shoes: Hides and fallow Leather Boots and shoes Metals and implements: Metals Implements Fuel and lighting Building materials: Lum ber Miscellaneous materials Paints, oils, glass House furnishings Drugs and chemicals Miscellaneous: Furs Liquors and tobacco Sundries A ll com m odities Decrease.

184 184 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. IN D E X NUMBERS OP COMMODITIES, B Y GROUPS, FROM MONTH TO MONTH, 913. [ s =100.] Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. N ov. Dec. Year. 1. Grains and fodder Anim als and meats Dairy products Fish Other foods: F r u it s and vegetables... Miscellaneous Textiles Hides, leather, e t c.: Metals and implements: ' Metals Im plem ents Fuel and lighting Building materials: Lum ber Miscellaneous Paints,oils, etc House furnishings Drugs and chemicals Miscellaneous: Furs Liquors and tobaccos Sundries A l l com m odities IN D E X NUMBERS OF COMMODITIES, B Y GROUPS, [ s =100.] Grains and fodder Animals and meats Dairy produce Fish Other foods Textiles Hides, leather, boots Metals and implements: Metals Implements Fuel and lighting Building materials: Lum ber Miscellaneous Paints, oils, glass House furnishings Drugs and chem icals Miscellaneous: Furs Liquors, tobaccos Sundries Total

185 WHOLESALE PRICES, 1890 TO IN D E X NUM BERS OF COMMODITIES, B Y GROUPS, Concluded Grains and fodder Animals and meats Dairy produce Fish Other foods Textiles Hides, leather, boots Metals and implements: Metals Implements Fuel and lighting Building materials: Lum ber Miscellaneous Paints, oils, glass House furnishings Drugs and chemicals Miscellaneous: Furs Liquors, tobaccos Sundries Total

186

187 INDEX, Page. Actual quotations of commodities, 1913, source and market, and yearly average and relative s of commodities, with per cent or, 1890 to 1913, and January to December, Canada, wholesale s, 1890 to Commodities, weights assigned to various groups o f Increase or in 1913 s, per cent of, as com with certain other years Index numbers of com m odity groups, by months, 1913, and ,185 Index numbers, weighted and unweighted, 1890 to Cloths and clothing: Actual quotations, source and market, and yearly average, and relative s, with per cent or 1890 to 1913, and by months, Increase or in s, per cent o f... 6,12,180 Quotations, series of, classified as weekly or monthly, and b y markets...27,28 s, 1860 to s, 1890 to 1913, and b y months, s, 1900 to 1913, b y m onths Commodities, wholesale s of: Comparison, b y months, January, 1900, to December, Comparison, 1913 with Comparison, each year, 1890 to Explanation of tables Increase or, per cent of... 6,12,83-176,180 Influences affecting s... 22,23 Quotations, series of, classified as weekly or m onthly, and b y markets... 27,28 R aw and manufactured, relative s ,21,22 s, 1860 to Commodities. (Set also, Prices, wholesale, of specified commodities, 1890 to 1913.) Drugs and chemicals: Actual quotations, source and market, and yearly average, ,77 and relative s, with per cent or, 1890 to 1913, and by months, Increase or in s, per cent o f...6,12,180 Quotations, series of, classified as weekly or monthly, and b y markets...27,28 s, 1860 to s, 1890 to 1913, and b y months, s, 1900 to 1913, b y months Explanation of tables Farm products: Actual quotations, source and market, and yearly average, and relative s, with per cent or, 1890 to 1913, and by months, Increase or in s, per cent of... 6,12,180 notations, series of, classified as weekly or m onthly, and b y markets...27,28 elative s, 1860 to s, 1890to 1913, and b y months, s, 1900 to 1913, by m onths Food, etc.: Actual quotations, source and market, and yearly average, and relative s, with per cent or, 1890 to 1913, and b y months, Increase or in s, per cent o f... 6,12,180 Quotations, series of, classified as weekly or monthly, and b y markets... 27,28 s, 1860 to s, 1890 to 1913, and b y months, s, 1900 to 1913, b y months Fuel and lighting: Actual quotations, source and market, and yearly average, and relative s, with per cent or, 1890 to 1913, and by months, Increase or in s, per cent o f... 6,12,180 Quotations, series of, classified as weekly or monthly, and by markets... 27,28 s, 1860 to s, 1890 to 1913, and b y months, s, 1900 to 1913, b y months House-furnishing goods: Actual quotations, source and market, and yearly average, and relative s, with per cent or, 1890 to 1913, and b y months, 1913? Increase or in s, per cent o f... 6,12,180 Quotations, series of, classified as weekly or monthly, and b y markets...27,28 s, 1860 to s, 1890 to 1913, and b y months, s, 1900 to 1913, b y months Increase or in s, per cent o f... 6,12,29-37,83-176,180 Influences affecting s...22,23 187

188 1 8 8 INDEX, Lumber and building materials: Page. Actual quotations, source and market, and yearly average, and relative s, with per cent or, 1890 to 1913, and by months, Increase or m s, per cent o f...6,12,180 Quotations, series of, classified/as weekly or m onthly, and b y markets...27,28 s, 1860 to s, 1890 to 1913, and b y months, s, 1900 to 1913, b y m onths Manufactured and raw commodities, relative s ,21,22 Metals and implements: Actual quotations, source and market, and yearly average, and relative s, w ith per cent or, 1890 to 1913, and by months, Increase or in s, per cent o f...6,12,180 Quotations, series of, classified/as weekly or m onthly, and b y markets...27,28 s, 1860 to s, 1890 to 1913, and b y months, s, 1900 to 1913, b y m onths Miscellaneous com m odity group: Actual quotations, source and market, and yearly average, and relative s, with per cent or, 1890 to 1913, and by months, Increase or in s, per cent o f...6,12,180 Quotations, series of, classified as weekly or monthly, and b y markets...27,28 s, 1860 to s, 1890 to 1913, and b y months, s, 1900 to 1913, b y m onths Prices, wholesale, of specified commodities, 1890 to 1913: A cid, m uriatic... 77,165 A cid, sulphuric...77,166 Alcohol, grain and w ood... 76,164 A lu m...76,164 Anthracite and bituminous coal... 63,64, Apples, evaporated... 44,97 Augers...65,139 A xes...65,139 Bacon... 45,46,100 Bags... 52,108 Bar iron... 65,140 B arbw ire...65,140 Barley...33,83 Beans...39,90 Beef, fresh... 46,100,101 Beef, salt...47,101 Bicarbonate of soda... 49,104 Bituminous and anthracite coal... 63,64, Blankets... 52,108 Blankets, horse...55,116 Boots and shoes, men s and women s... 52,53,109,110 Bread, crackers...39,90 Bread, loaf... 39,40,91 B rick... 71,153 Brimstone... 77,165 Broadcloths...53,110 Buckwheat flour... 43,96 B utter... 40,91,92 B utts...66,141 Cabbage... 51,106 Calico...53,111 Candles... 62,134 Canned goods (corn, peas, tomatoes)...41,92,93 Carbonate of lead...71,160 Carpets... 53,111,112 Carvers, knives, and forks... 79,170 Cattle, steers... 33,86,87 Cement, Portland and Rosendale... 71,72,153 Chairs and tables... 78,79,168,169 Cheese... 41,93 Chisels...66,141 Chrome calf leather... 56,118 Coal, anthracite and bituminous... 63,64, Codfish... 42,94 Coffee...41,94 Coke... 64,136 Copper (sheet, ingot and wire)... 66,142 Com, canned...41,92 Com, grain... 34,84 Com meal... 45,99 Cornstarch...49,105 C otton...34,83 Cotton flannels... 54,112 Cotton thread...54,113 Cotton yarns...54,113 Cottonseed meal... 80,172 Cottonseed o il...80,172 Crackers, oyster and soda... 39,90 Currants, evaporated ,97 Cutlery, table (carvers, knives, and forks)... 79,170

189 INDEX, Prices, wholesale, of specified commodities, 1890 to 1913 Continued. Denim s... D oorknob s... Doors... Drawers and shirts... Dress goods, women s... Drillings... Earthenware (plates, teacups, and saucers)... as::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Fish (cod, herring, mackerel, and salmon)... Flannels... Flannels, cotton Flaxseed... Fleece, w ool... Flour, buckwheat, rye, and wheat... Forks and knives, and carvers... Fruit, evaporated (apples, currants, prunes, and raisins)... Furniture (chairs and tables)... Ginghams... Glass, plate... Glass, w indow... Glassware (nappies, pitchers, and tum blers)... Glucose...,... Glycerin... Hammers... Hams... Harness leather... H ay... Hemlock lu m b e r... Herring... i.. Hides... Hogs... H ops... Horse blankets... Horses... Hosiery, men s and women s... Iron, bar... Iron, p ig... Jute... Knives and forks, and carvers... Lard... Lead (pig and lead pip e)... Leather (chrome calf, narness, and sole)... Lim e... Linen shoe thread... Linseed oil... Locks... Lum ber. (See Hem lock; Maple; Oak; Pine; Poplar; Spruce.) Mackerel... M alt... Maple lum ber... Matches... Meal, com... Meal, cottonseed... Meat (bacon, fresh and salt beef, hams, mutton, and pork)... Milk Molasses... Mules... Muriatic acid... Mutton, dressed... Nails, cut, and wire.... Nappies, pitchers, and tumblers.... O aklum ber... Oats... *... Oil, cottonseed... Onions... O pium... Overcoatings... Oxide of zinc... Pails and tubs.... Paint materials. (See Carbonate of lead; Linseed oil; Turpentine; Zinc oxide.) Paper, news and wrapping... Peas, canned... Pepper... Petroleum, crude and refined... Pig iron... Pig lead... Pig tin... Pine lumber... Pipe, lead... Pitchers, nappies, and tumblers... Planes... Plate glass... Plates, teacups, and saucers... Poplar lumber... Pork, salt... Portland and Rosendale cement... Potatoes, white , , ,154 60,61,128,129 61,62, , , , , ,94, , , , ,132, ,96, , ,97,98 78,79,168, , , , ,169, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,116, , ,145, , , , ,144 56,57,118, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,68, ,169, ,157, , , , , , , , ,173, , ,104 64,65,137, ,145, , ,150 73,74,158, , ,169, , ,155, , , , ,72, ,107

190 1 9 0 INDEX, Prices, wholesale, of specified commodities, 1890 to 1913 Concluded. Poultry, dressed, fow ls... Poultry, live, fow ls... Print cloths... Proof spirits... Prunes... Quicksilver... Quinine... Rails, steel... Raisins... R ice... R ope Rosendale and Portland cement... R osin... R ubber... R ye flour R ye, g ra in... Salmon, canned... Salt... Saucers and teacups... Saws (cross-cut and hand)... Screws, w ood... Sheep... Sheetings... Shingles... Shirtings... Shirts and drawers... Shovels... Silk... Silver, bar... Soap... Soda, bicarbonate o f... Sole leather... Spelter... Spices, pepper... Spruce lum ber... Starch, corn... Starch, laundry... Steel (billets, sheets, and rails)... Sugar... Suitings... Sulphur. (See Brimstone.) Sulphuric a cid... Table cutlery (carvers, knives, and forks)... Tables and chairs... Tallow... Tar... Tea... Teacups and saucers... Thread, cotton... Thread, 1 inen shoe... Tickings... Tin (pig and plate)... Tobacco, leaf... Tobacco, plug and granulated smoking... Tomatoes, canned... Trouserings... Trowels... Tubs and pails... Tumblers, nappies, and pitchers... Turpentine, spirits o f... Underwear (shirts and drawers)... Vegetables (cabbage, onions, and white potatoes)... Vinegar... Vises... Wheat flour... W heat, grain... W indow glass... W ire, barb... W ire, copper... W ire nails... W om en s dress goods... W ood screws... Woodenware (pails and tubs)... W ool, fleece... Worsted yam s... Yam s, cotton... Yam s, worsted... Zinc, oxide o f... Zinc, sheet... Quotations, series of, classified as weekly or monthly, and by markets. R aw and manufactured commodities, relative s... O Page , , , , , , , , , , , , ,72, , , , , , , , ,147, , ,38, , ,162,163 58,59, , , , ,175 4Q ,'57,"118, , , , , , , ,105 59,60,126, , ,170 78,79,168, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,169, , , , , ,96, ,39, , , , ,145 61,62, , , ,132, , , , , , , ,21,22