MAX-DOAS network observations of NO 2 covering Japan, China and Korea. Yugo Kanaya 1

Transcription

1 MAX-DOAS network observations of NO 2 covering Japan, China and Korea Yugo Kanaya 1 with H. Irie 1, H. Takashima 1, K. Sudo 2, H. Iwabuchi 1,3, H. Akimoto 1,, M. Gu 5, J. Chong 5, Y.J. Kim 5, H. Lee 5, J. Xu, A. Li, F. Si, P. Xie, W. Liu, A. Dzhola 7, E. Grechko 7, M. Sviridenkov 7, V. Ivanov 7, S. A. Terpugova, M. V. Panchenko 1) Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama, Japan 2) Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan 3) Currently at Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ) Currently at Acid Deposition and Oxidant Research Center, Niigata, Japan 5) Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea ) Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Hefei, China 7) A.M. Obukov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, RAS, Moscow, Russia ) V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, RAS-SB, Tomsk, Russia 1

2 Introduction Substantial air quality change (ozone, aerosols etc.) in Asia and surrounding regions, in relation to rapid increase in the human activity NOx (NO+NO 2 ): important O 3 precursor GOME, SCIAMACHY Tropo NO 2 trend From SCIAMACHY book, courtesy of A. Richter et al. -Large demand for accurate global/regional air quality monitoring data (Health, Climate) 2

3 Project overview and objectives Zvenigorod Tomsk Gwangju Yokosuka - deploy standardized MAX-DOAS instruments at several sites in Japan, China, South Korea, and Russia to achieve long-term observations of Tropo NO 2 VCD and AOD and their vertical profiles (aerosol extinction coefficient) (ship-borne obs. included) Hefei Cape Hedo 1) to validate satellite-based observations of NO 2 and AOD, 2) to observe diurnal variations and vertical distributions of NO 2 and aerosol, beyond the capability of present orbital satellite sensors, 3) to test a global chemical transport model - funded as a Japanese GEOSS-related project (FY2-21) 3

4 Principle of MAX-DOAS observations -MAX-DOAS: Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy - Spectra of scattered sunlight at multiple elevation angles, DOAS analysis - UV-vis (3-5nm with resolution.5-.7nm), for NO 2, O (aerosol) solar zenith angleθ scatter λ λ No difference in the absorbance Strato.NO2 (Alt.>1km) Observed spectrum Fitting result ELα(=9 ) Long path length ELα(=1 ) solar zenith angleθ scatter Tropo.NO2 (Alt.-1km) wavelength (nm) λ λ Larger absorbance for lower Elevation angles - Zenith spectrum from the same meas. series was used as reference Removal of pixel-to-pixel pattern, Fraunhofer structures Stratospheric influence minimized Scan elevation angles(3 o, 5 o, 1 o, 2 o, 3 o, 9 o ), each for 5 min duration: 3 min cycle in total

5 Raw spectra DOAS fitting using zenith spectrum from the same meas. series as reference Sinreich et al., 25 Spectrum analysis O -DSCD for each EL O -DSCD(obs)=O -DSCD(RTM) Yes Vertical profile of AEC, AOD Single algorithm A priori AEC was used to process spectra profile from all sites O -DSCD derived from RTM No Revise AEC profile A priori NO 2 profile NO 2 DSCD for each EL NO 2 -DSCD derived from RTM NO 2 -DSCD(obs)=NO 2 -DSCD(RTM) No Yes Vertical profile of NO 2, vertical column Revise NO 2 profile Irie et al. 5

6 Standardization of MAX-DOAS instruments Spectrometer: USB, Temperature regulated Low cost; about 15,EUR (for research collaboration) Yokosuka Y. J. Kim 教授グループと共同 Zvenigorod Gwangju P. Xie 博士グループと共同 Cape Hedo Tomsk Hefei - Common optical components are used - Designed for different environment: --+degc, high RH, Typhoons, UV, Snow

7 MAX-DOAS obs. on R/V Ship roll On active gimbal Active gimbal:to compensate for ship motion - Large scale distribution of [NO 2 ] in the range of >.2 ppb were measured - Technical demonstration July 2 (KY-5) [NO 2 ] Feb-May 29 (KY9-1) Takashima et al., AMTD 211 7

8 Evaluation of instrument/algorithms NO2 Within ~1% for all elevation angles Roscoe et al. AMT 21 AOD Tsukuba Irie et al. 2

9 Overall results(tropo NO 2 VCD) Yokosuka Cape Hedo Hefei Gwangju Zvenigorod Tomsk Yokosuka >= Hefei > Gwangju > Tomsk ~ Zvenigorod > Cape Hedo 9

10 (m le o le uc s mc 2- ) opor ON 2 DCV T (m le o le uc s mc opor ON 2 DCV T (m le o le uc s mc 2- ) opor ON 2 DCV T (m le o le uc s mc T DCV 2 ON opor opor ON 2 DCV T o le uc s mc le (m (m le o le uc s mc opor ON 2 DCV T (m le o le uc s mc (m le o le uc s mc opor ON 2 DCV T DCV 2 ON opor T (m le o le uc s mc opor ON 2 DCV T Diurnal and weekly cycles (TropoNO 2 VCD) E1 1+E nu S 51+E3 51+E2 eut no M 51+E1 F ir uht 51+ E1- E1-1+ t a S F ir uht W de eut nu S no M (m le o le uc s mc opor ON 2 DCV T (m le o le uc s mc opor ON 2 DCV T DEH no M S nu W de eut F ir uht a S t nu S 1+E 1+E3 eut no M 1+E2 F ir uht 1+E1 E1-1+ Yokosuka K OY DEH EVZ 1+E 51+E3 nu S 1+E 1+E3 no M S nu 1+E 51+E2 W de 1+E2 uht W de 1+E 51+E1 a S 1+E1 S t a ir F 1+E2 E E t 1 1 ADEH WG WG A 51+E3 1+E no M S nu 51+E+E3 W de W de eut 51+E1 1+E2 F ir uht a S a S t 1+E1 51+ E imt e o yadf uoh( )r t FEH EVZ 1+E 1+E3 1+E3 eut 1+E2 1+E1 1+E2 1+E EVZ 1+E 1+E3 no M S nu W de eut 1+E2 F ir uht 1+E1 a S t WG A imt e o yadf uoh( )r 1+E 1+E3 Gwangju Hefei weekday Sat Sun Cape Hedo Osaka 1km mesh Nagoya Low on Sundays (Yokosuka, Gwangju) Hefei different In agreement with Beirle et al. (23) Evaluation of high-res emission inventories Reliable ozone forecast by assimilation (diurnal variation/weekend effect ) Kannari et al, 27, EAGrid-2, NOx emission: diurnal/ weekly variation weekday Sunday imt e o yadf uoh( )r Time of day (hour) 1 2 Time of day (hour) Jan Apr Jul Oct 1

11 le o 1( m mc c 1 3 ONopor DCV2 T uj 1-l M 1-ya 1- naj 1-r a M 9- pes 9-voN uj 9-l M 9-ya 9- naj 9-r a M - pes -von uj -l nuj - - bef -r pa 7-tc O 7-ce D 7- nuj 7- gua 7- bef 7-r pa -tc O -ce D ht no M 2 le o 1( m mc c 1 3 ONopor DCV2 T uj 1-l M 1-ya 1- naj 1-r a M 9- pes 9-voN uj 9-l M 9-ya 9- naj 9-r a M - pes -von uj -l nuj - - bef -r pa 7-tc O 7-ce D 7- nuj 7- gua 7- bef 7-r pa -tc O -ce D le o 1( m mc c 1 3 ONopor DCV2 T le o 1( m mc c 1 3 ONopor DCV2 T uj 1-l M 1-ya 1- naj 1-r a M 9- pes 9-voN uj 9-l M 9-ya 9- naj 9-r a M - pes -von uj -l nuj - - bef -r pa 7-tc O 7-ce D 7- nuj 7- gua 7- bef 7-r pa -tc O -ce D ht no M uj 1-l M 1-ya 1- naj 1-r a M 9- pes 9-voN uj 9-l M 9-ya 9- naj 9-r a M - pes -von uj -l nuj - - bef -r pa 7-tc O 7-ce D 7- nuj 7- gua 7- bef 7-r pa -tc O -ce D Satellite data validation: TropoNO 2 VCD 1. Monthly ave. Two retrievals from OMI(KNMI, NASA) vs. MAX-DOAS (13H) 3 ode H epa C akusoko Y Cape Hedo Yokosuka OMI(NASA),.5x.5deg, cloud screened at 3%, ver.3, daily level 3 OMI(KNMI),.25x.25deg, collection 3, DOMINO ver. 1..2/1..3 (monthly) Fukue, another remote island eukuf Gwangju ju gna wg M Clean sites: NASA > KNMI~MAX-DOAS Subtraction of Stratosphere/UT component no ht Polluted sites:max-doas>satellite Spatial inhomogeneity, common reason for satellite underestimate? M no ht 5- aeyr aeyr aeyr aeyr 11

12 Tropo NO 2 VCD (molecules cm -2 ) Forest/peat fires near Moscow 2-degC higher surface temperature /Russian-forest-fires-leave-dozens-dead.html (Zvenigorod, August 21) Fire detection by MODIS: Aug 1-1, AOD increase, similar variations with MODIS - no increase in NO 2 12

13 Comparison to Global Chemical Transport Model CHASER For NO 2 at Cape Hedo Sudo et al. model 2 MAM MAX-DOAS 2 SON model 27 Apr-May MAX-DOAS 27 Jun-Aug. - First year-round validation at a remote site - Agreement for seasonal/diurnal variations 13

14 Data web site 1

15 Quick look figs 15

16 Registered to GEOSS 1

17 Summary MAX-DOAS network observations (NO 2, aerosols) over Japan/Korea/China/Russia: Constructed, maintained Detection of Tropospheric Changes: long-term change, significant events, weekly variations etc. Satellite validation, good agreement with KNMI retrievals of OMI data Model validation at clean marine sites See more at Irie et al., AMT 211; Takashima et al., AE211; Takashima et al., AMTD211 ; Lee et al., AST29; Irie et al., SOLA29; Takashima et al., JGR29; Irie et al., ACP2a,b; Inomata et al., 2; Roscoe et al., AMT21; Wagner et al., ACP27 In Future, Validations of Asian space-borne observations Comparison to Regional-scale Air Quality Model Data assimilation to improve ozone/aerosol prediction capabilities Observations of species other than NO 2 and aerosols 17