Accelerator science. Talk to prospective students. 6 December Andrei Seryi John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science

Transcription

1 Accelerator science Talk to prospective students 6 December 2017 Andrei Seryi John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science

2 What is JAI Sir John Adams - the 'father' of CERN accelerators The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science is a centre of excellence in the UK for advanced and novel accelerator technology, created in 2004 to foster accelerator R&D in the universities JAI is based on 3 universities: University of Oxford, Royal Holloway University of London and Imperial College London JAI in numbers: ~25 academic staff, ~15 research staff, ~10 affiliates, ~40 post-grad students, ~6-10 PhD/year in Acc. Science, ~60 PhD graduates 6 December

3 Research directions FEL and novel light sources Diamond upgrade UH-FLUX UK-FEL Plasma acceleration MP LWFA Beam diagnostics Future colliders and particle physics facilities FCC IR & FF LC FF Intense hadron beams IBEX CLIC R&D Training AWAKE 6 December

4 UK Free Electron Laser possible location Possible site for UK-FEL at RAL to allow colocation with high power lasers for High Energy Density Science and Shock Physics 6 December

5 Free Electron Laser e-beam RF-GUN S01 S02 S03 Preliminary layout and parameters X01 BC1 500 MeV 1.2 GeV S04 S05 S06 BC2 S07 S GeV 50 m UNDULATOR ~500 m Energy 8.7 GeV Repetition rate 100 Hz (each FEL) Max. photon energy ~ 18.6 kev Pulse duration fs Photons/pulse (10 kev) ~ No. of FELs up to 4 (?) Possible FELs SXR (0.1 2 kev) MXR (1.5 6 kev) HXR (5 15 kev) Experimental stations 3 per FEL Facility length ~ 850 m Power consumption ~ 7MW 6 December

6 Diamond light source upgrade The novel optics will allow an order of magnitude higher brightness 6 December

7 Compact laser plasma radiation sources Gemini betatron x-ray source now > photons per (mm 2 mrad 2 sec 0.1%BW) Gemini 2015 Used for imaging fast phenomena; e.g. 60ns shock propagation in dense material. 95ns medically relevant material; e.g. phase contrast imaging of prostate sample 6 December

8 Compact SCRF X-ray and THz light source Asymmetric Energy Recovery Linac Advantages: a) capability to drive 1As level electron beam average current b) independent tuning of IP point and accelerator if phase shifter is introduced in the coupling cell c) field tuning to account for beam change at interaction point Operating field Electric field contour plot of dipole partial eigenmode at 1.73GHz Axis 2 Axis 1 Al prototype for low-level RF measurements 6 December Electric field contour plot of operating eigenmode at 1.3GHz

9 Development of wakefield accelerators Development of efficient high rep-rate LWFA Multi-Pulse Laser Wakefield Acceleration concept Experiment set-up Train of N = 7 laser pulses and measured variation of wake amplitude with cell pressure. This shows resonant excitation of the wake when the pulse spacing matches the plasma period. The dashed line shows simple theory, which is analogous to the diffraction pattern produced by N = 7 slits. Published in Phys Rev Lett as Editors Recommendation and highlighted as an APS Physics Synopsis J. Cowley et al. Phys Rev Lett (2017) Simon Hooker at al 6 December

10 Medical application of laser-plasma accelerators Betatron radiation could prove to be an interesting source for medical radiography Small source size and collimated beam allows for high resolution phase contrast imaging of soft tissue, e.g. breast, prostate Hard photon energy with small source size allows for high resolution imaging of bone, biological samples Zulfikar Najmudin at al X-ray radiograph of femural bone sample (left, and photo inset) tomographically reconstructed (right) Phase-contrast imaging of prostate (left) and tomograph of pre-natal mouse (right) 6 December

11 High Luminosity LHC Collimation challenge: to efficiently clean the LHC beam, while protecting cryogenic magnets from huge stored beam energy (doubles at HL-LHC!) mitigating beam backgrounds that reach the experiments! LHC dipole Superconducting coil: T = 1.9 K, quench limit ~15 mj cm -3 Factor 9.7 x 10 9 Proton beam: 145 MJ LHC design: 362 MJ HL-LHC: 678 MJ! Collimation challenge in BDSIM Off-momentum loss maps: Model LHC data JAI-RHUL experts already integrated in team at CERN. Main contributions: Off-momentum loss maps: new model recently validated with energy deposition measurements at LHC. Advanced simulations of beam dynamics to design the new triplet layout for HL-LHC. RHUL-developed tool (BDSIM) to model LHC beam backgrounds measured at ATLAS. Beam background simulation 6 December

12 High Luminosity LHC Diagnostics: Electro-optic Beam Position Monitors HL-LHC crab cavities require new instrumentation to Grin lens P A monitor bunch rotation and optimize performance. High bandwidth electro-optical pick-ups enable intra-bunch measurements of transverse position. JAI built prototype installed in 2016 at CERN SPS for proof of principle tests, in collaboration with CERN BI group. (a) beam pipe P EO crystal EO crystal Grin lens A from laser to detector 1 bunch to detector 2 from laser JAI built prototype already installed for tests at CERN SPS Second prototype planned for LHC, before deployment at HL-LHC 6 December

13 Linear Colliders Accelerator R&D for electron-positron Linear Collider Higgs Factory Selected site Japan CERN ILC: awaiting decision from Japan (2018) CLIC: preparing input for European Strategy update (2019) 6 December

14 100 km pp-collider with options of e+-e- and p-e Many interesting challenges! Total E in the beam 8GJ! 8GJ (= 1 Airbus 380 at 720km/h) FCC = Future Circular Collider Preliminary parameters (FCC-hh): CM energy 100 TeV Circumference 100 km Dipole field 16 Tesla Peak Lumi 5E34 cm -2 s -1 JAI is leading the Interaction Region design HE-LHC twice the LHC energy in the same tunnel 6 December

15 Intense Hadron Beam R&D Intensity frontier is just as exciting as the energy frontier! Applications: Neutron & muon production Radioisotope production Fusion materials irradiation Accelerator driven systems (nuclear waste transmutation) ISIS neutron source, RAL, UK Fixed Field Accelerator in Kyoto, Japan (experimental collaboration) Suzie Sheehy (Royal Society University Research Fellow) & Lucy Martin (DPhil student) with members of the ISIS Intense Beams Group David Kelliher and Shinji Machida 6 December

16 Post-graduate training - students project Every year students work on a design project, that allows them to put their skills into practice Students present results of design project first to JAI staff, then to Advisory Board, and then to CERN colleagues Presentation at CERN Council Chamber May 2016 Group Photo at CERN May December

17 JAI exists for a bit more than 10 years We already have more than 60 alumni, who obtained their DPhil based on research in accelerator science and are now working in many world-leading labs and institutes Before we finish today s talk, lets hear from some of JAI alumni and look where they now work! 6 December

18 Message from Ian Martin (DPhil 2011) BLADE I10 Fastswitching beamline bunch current ( A) frequency (khz) Spectrogram characterising onset of micro-bunching instability with negative momentum compaction Diamond Light Source working at diamond has given me the opportunity to contribute to several national facility designs, and to take part in machine studies at light sources around the world helping take diamond from the design stage, through commissioning and into user operation has been a hugely satisfying experience 6 December Ian Martin, Senior Accelerator Physicist Diamond Light Source

19 6 December Message from Paul Walker (DPhil 2013)

20 Message from Alexander Gerbershagen (DPhil 2013) Paul Scherrer Institute Largest Swiss laboratory «Accelerator science is not only exciting, but also has a wide range of applications with a direct benefit for the society.» 6 December

21 6 December Message from Christina Swinson (DPhil 2010)

22 Message from Christine Clarke (DPhil 2008) SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (USA) Plasma Cell 200 times better than conventional accelerator technology 6 December Scientists from all around the world can perform experiments at SLAC From development of cancer treatments to materials for jet engines to detectors for Antarctica 3,400 scientists use SLAC s light source and accelerator test beam facilities annually We continue to revolutionise accelerator science: World-leading program in building accelerators for the future- made from plasma! 10 TW laser system used for creating plasma The field of accelerator physics is challenging and dynamic- fantastic for any young scientist.

23 Hope you will join the JAI team! during reception, talk to: Linear colliders Phil FCC or any other: Andrei Laser-plasma acceleration, FEL, compact light sources: Riccardo & Simon Roman AWAKE: Peter High power hadron beams or any other Suzie Compact SC light source Ivan 6 December