The LHC. Part 1. Corsi di Dottorato Corso di Fisica delle Alte Energie Maggio 2014 Per Grafstrom CERN and University of Bologna
|
|
- Shanon Washington
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The LHC Part 1 Corsi di Dottorato Corso di Fisica delle Alte Energie Maggio 2014 Per Grafstrom CERN and University of Bologna
2 Organizzazione Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Introduction Energy challenge Luminosity challenge Life time and beam vacuum Injection Filling and cycle Instrumentation Collimation Dump 2
3 pp physics at the LHC corresponds to conditions around here HI physics at the LHC corresponds to conditions around here Experimental Methods in Particle Physics 3
4 Understanding the Universe Unification? Electroweak Transition Particle Physics and Philosophy Maria in der Aue, March 2011, P. Jenni (CERN) Experimental Methods in Particle Physics 4
5 A most basic question is why particles (and matter) have masses (and so different masses) The mass mystery could be solved with the Higgs mechanism which predicts the existence of a new elementary particle, the Higgs particle (theory 1964, P. Higgs, R. Brout and F. Englert) History by now Peter Higgs The Higgs (H) particle has been searched for since decades at accelerators, but not yet found The LHC has sufficient energy to produce it for sure, if it exists Particle Physics and Philosophy Maria in der Aue, March 2011, P. Jenni (CERN) Experimental Methods in Particle Physics Francois Englert 5
6 6
7 Supersymmetry (SUSY) (Julius Wess and Bruno Zumino, 1974) Establishes a symmetry between fermions (matter) and bosons (forces): ~ - Each particle p with spin s has a SUSY partner p with spin s -1/2 ~ - Examples q (s=1/2) q ~(s=0) squark Our known world Maybe a new world? Motivation: Particle Physics and Philosophy Maria in der Aue, March 2011, P. Jenni (CERN) Experimental Methods in Particle Physics - Unification (fermions-bosons, matter-forces) - Solves some deep problems of the Standard Model 7
8 LHC- Requirements/ Challenges/the Energy Required Energy: At the TeV scale WHY? Standard Model: Missing piece in the puzzle WAS the HIGGS LEP result: The Higgs mass in the 100 GeV to 200 GeV range TeV scale accelerator needed Quantum corrections to the Higgs mass are infinite so how is a mass of a couple of 100 GeV possible? There must be fine tuning or cancellations. One possibility is Super Symmetry that cancels the infinities and predict new particles at the TeV scale New energy scale suprises.the unknown 1994 decision to build a 7 TeV + 7 TeV machine in the LEP tunnel very challenging as we will see 8
9 Are the LHC energies the highest ever? No s = 14 TeV corresponds to E ~ 100 PeV fixed target proton beam The LHC will be the first machine able to explore the high-e part of the cosmic ray spectrum 9 Experimental Methods in Particle Physics
10 LHC- Requirements/Challenges/ Luminosity Required Luminosity: /cm 2 /sec WHY Higgs cross section in fb to pb range. The event rate i.e number of events /sec (N) N = L x σ σ 1 pb = x cm 2 = cm 2 L =10 34 /cm 2 /sec 1 Higgs /100 sec /cm 2 /sec is challenging as we will se. Nota bene: also challenging for the experiments: σ total 100 mb 10 9 interactions /sec 10
11 LEP: e+e- 104 GeV/c ( ) CMS Circumference 26.8 km LHC proton-proton Collider 7 TeV/c in the LEP tunnel ALICE LHCb LHC will also collide heavy ions ATLAS
12 LHC: From first ideas to realisation 1982 : First studies for the LHC project 1983 : Z0 detected at SPS proton antiproton collider 1985 : Nobel Price for S. van der Meer and C. Rubbia 1989 : Start of LEP operation at 45 GeV (Z-factory) 1994 : Approval of the LHC by the CERN Council 1996 : Final decision to start the LHC construction 1996 : LEP operation at 100 GeV (W-factory) 2000 : End of LEP operation 2002 : LEP equipment removed (second life for sc cavities?) 2003 : Start of the LHC installation 2005 : Start of hardware commissioning 2007/8 : Commissioning with beam
13 How the LHC came to be (see a nice article by Chris Llewellyn Smith in Nature 448, p281) Some early key dates 1977 The community talked about the LEP project, and it was already mentioned that a new tunnel could also house a hadron collider in the far future 1981 LEP was approved with a large and long (27 km) tunnel 1983 The early 1980s were crucial: The real belief that a dirty hadron collider can actually do great discovery physics came from UA1 and UA2 with their W and Z boson discoveries at CERN Particle Physics and Philosophy Maria in der Aue, March 2011, P. Jenni (CERN) Experimental Methods in Particle Physics A very early Z ee online display from UA2
14 1984 For the community it all started in a way with the 1 st CERN ECFA Workshop Lausanne on the feasibility of a hadron collider in the future LEP tunnel 1987 La Thuile LHC Workshop Many LHC colleagues were already involved in this, a clear evolution started for detectors away from a 4µ iron-ball experiment (C Rubbia) towards multi-purpose detectors ) 1989 ECFA Study Week in Barcelona for LHC instrumentation At this conference a few decided to start setting up a structure for an LHC 14 proto-collaboration.
15 1991 December CERN Council: LHC is the right machine for advance of the subject and the future of CERN (thanks to the great push by DG C Rubbia) 1993 December proposal of LHC with commissioning in June Council: Staged construction was proposed, but some countries could not yet agree, so the Council session vote was suspended until 16 December 1994 Council: (Two-stage) construction of LHC Phs 15 was approved
16 The LHC is the largest machine that has ever been built, and probably the most complex one To make the LHC a reality: Accelerators physics and... Electromagnetism und Relativity Thermodynamics Mechanics Physics of nonlinear systems Solid state physics und surface physics Quantum mechanics Particle physics and radiation physics Vacuum physics
17 LHC Layout eight sectors eight arcs eight long straight sections (insertions) about 700 m long IR4: RF + Beam instrumentation IR5:CM S IR6: Beam dumping system Beam dump blocks IR3: Momentum Beam Cleaning (warm) IR7: Betatron Beam Cleaning (warm) Main dipole magnets: making the circle IR2:ALICE IR8: LHC-B IR1: ATLAS Injection Injection
18 Organizzazione Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Introduction Energy challenge Luminosity challenge Life time and beam vacuum Injection Filling and cycle Instrumentation Collimation Dump 18
19 What field is needed? The energy challenge 7 TeV in a tunnel of 27 km ( radius =4.30 km) Use : B ρ = 3.33 p (Units:Tm if p in GeV B= 3.33 x 7000/4300 Tesla = 5.42 Tesla BUT the whole tunnel is not filled with magnets. The arcs makes up totally 22.2 km of the 27 km and only 80 % can be filled with bending magnets Thus the filed needed is : 5.42 x 27/22/0.8 Tesla = 8.3 Tesla How to achieve 8.3 Tesla? x earth field 5 times the field of the magnets in SPS 4.5 Tesla in the tevatron 5.2 Tesla in HERA 19
20 Exactly 102 years ago 20
21 21
22 22
23 23
24
25 25
26 26
27 27
28 28
29 29
30 30
31 31
32 32
33 33
34 34
35 35
36 36
37 37
38 38
39 39
40 40
41 Descent of the last dipole magnet, 26 April 2007 Particle Physics and Philosophy Maria in der Aue, March 2011, P. Jenni (CERN) km underground transports at a speed of 2 km/h! 41
42 1232 Of those in the tunnel 42
43 43
44 44
45 45
46 Not only dipoles. Inner triplet quads assembly hall 181 Dipoles 1232 Quadrupoles 400 Sextupoles 2464 Octupoles/decapoles 1568 Orbit correctors 642 Others 376 Assembly of Short Straight Sections Total ~ 6700 Particle Physics and Philosophy Maria in der Aue, March 2011, P. Jenni (CERN) Experimental Methods in Particle Physics 46
47 A cell in the LHC arcs Vertical / Horizontal plane (QF / QD) Quadrupole magnets controlling the beam size to keep protons together (similar to optical lenses) LHC Cell - Length about 110 m (schematic layout) SSS quadrupole orbit MQF corrector sextupole corrector (MCS) quadrupole MQD orbit corrector quadrupole MQF orbit corrector main dipole MB main dipole MB main dipole MB main dipole MB main dipole MB main dipole MB special corrector (MQS) lattice sextupole (MS) decapole octupole corrector (MCDO) special corrector (MO) lattice sextupole (MS) special corrector (MO) lattice sextupole (MS)
48 Organizzazione Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Introduction Energy challenge Luminosity challenge Life time and beam vacuum Injection Filling and cycle Instrumentation Collimation Dump 48
49 The luminosity challenge High bunch current beam-beam effects Many bunches long range beam effects Small beam size inner triplet aperture, space 49
50 High bunch current
51
52 Limitation: beam-beam interaction Y Force Y Quadrupole Lense Force Beam - Beam Lense
53 Bunch intensity limitation due to this of order N= 1011
54 54
55 Many bunches Solution Crossing angle 55
56 Many bunches IP Crossing angle to avoid beam beam interaction (only long range beam beam interaction present) However reduction of luminosity
57 57
58 Small beam size- inner triplet QF QD QF QD QF QD Interaction point Experiment distance about 100 m Focusing quadrupole for beam 1, defocusing for beam 2 High gradient quadrupole magnet triplet with large aperture (US-JAPAN) Total crossing angle of 300 µrad Beam size at interaction point 16 µm, in arcs about 0.3 mm
59 Layout of insertion for ATLAS and CMS quadrupole Q5 quadrupole Q4 recombination dipole separation dipole (warm) inner quadrupole triplet inner quadrupole separation triplet dipole recombination dipole quadrupole Q4 quadrupole Q5 beam distance 194 mm beam II ATLAS or CMS beam I collision point 200 m 24 m Example for an LHC insertion with ATLAS or CMS
60 60
61 Luminosity -Summary N bunches i.e each 25 ns Spotsizes 16 µm L= /cm 2 /sec 61
2008 JINST 3 S Main machine layout and performance. Chapter Performance goals
Chapter 2 Main machine layout and performance 2.1 Performance goals The aim of the LHC is to reveal the physics beyond the Standard Model with centre of mass collision energies of up to 14 TeV. The number
More informationI. Antoniadis CERN. IAS CERN Novice Workshop, NTU, 7 Feb 2014
I. Antoniadis CERN IAS CERN Novice Workshop, NTU, 7 Feb 2014 1 2 3 the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Largest scientific instrument ever built, 27km of circumference >10 000 people involved in its design
More informationAccelerators. Lecture V. Oliver Brüning. school/lecture5
Accelerators Lecture V Oliver Brüning AB/ABP http://bruening.home.cern.ch/bruening/summer school/lecture5 V) LEP, LHC + more LEP LHC Other HEP Projects Future Projects What else? LEP Precision Experiment:
More informationThe Large Hadron Collider Lyndon Evans CERN
The Large Hadron Collider Lyndon Evans CERN 1.9 K 2.728 K T The coldest ring in the universe! L.R. Evans 1 The Large Hadron Collider This lecture. LHC Technologies Magnets Cryogenics Radiofrequency Vacuum
More informationOVERVIEW OF THE LHEC DESIGN STUDY AT CERN
OVERVIEW OF THE LHEC DESIGN STUDY AT CERN 1 CERN CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland E-mail: Oliver.bruning@cern.ch Abstract The Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) offers the unique possibility of exploring
More informationTransverse dynamics Selected topics. Erik Adli, University of Oslo, August 2016, v2.21
Transverse dynamics Selected topics Erik Adli, University of Oslo, August 2016, Erik.Adli@fys.uio.no, v2.21 Dispersion So far, we have studied particles with reference momentum p = p 0. A dipole field
More information(a) (b) Fig. 1 - The LEP/LHC tunnel map and (b) the CERN accelerator system.
Introduction One of the main events in the field of particle physics at the beginning of the next century will be the construction of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This machine will be installed into
More informationLHC operation in 2015 and prospects for the future
LHC operation in 2015 and prospects for the future Moriond Workshop La Thuile March 2016 Jörg Wenninger CERN Beams Department Operation group / LHC For the LHC commissioning and operation teams 1 Moriond
More informationTransverse Beam Dynamics II
Transverse Beam Dynamics II II) The State of the Art in High Energy Machines: The Theory of Synchrotrons: Linear Beam Optics The Beam as Particle Ensemble Emittance and Beta-Function Colliding Beams &
More informationLHC accelerator status and prospects. Frédérick Bordry Higgs Hunting nd September Paris
LHC accelerator status and prospects 2 nd September 2016 - Paris LHC (Large Hadron Collider) 14 TeV proton-proton accelerator-collider built in the LEP tunnel Lead-Lead (Lead-proton) collisions 1983 :
More informationOverview of LHC Accelerator
Overview of LHC Accelerator Mike Syphers UT-Austin 1/31/2007 Large Hadron Collider ( LHC ) Outline of Presentation Brief history... Luminosity Magnets Accelerator Layout Major Accelerator Issues U.S. Participation
More informationSMR/ Summer School on Particle Physics June LHC Accelerators and Experiments (part I) Marzio Nessi CERN, Switzerland
SMR/1847-2 Summer School on Particle Physics 11-22 June 2007 LHC Accelerators and Experiments (part I) Marzio Nessi CERN, Switzerland CERN-RRB-2004-152 LHC Accelerators and Experiments (part I) ICTP Marzio
More informationSignaling the Arrival of the LHC Era December Current Status of the LHC. Albert De Roeck CERN Switzerland
1970-1 Signaling the Arrival of the LHC Era 8-13 December 2008 Current Status of the LHC Albert De Roeck CERN Switzerland Status of the LHC Albert De Roeck CERN and University of Antwerp and the IPPP Durham
More informationPhysics at Accelerators
Physics at Accelerators Course outline: The first 4 lectures covers the physics principles of accelerators. Preliminary plan: Lecture 1: Accelerators, an introduction. Acceleration principles. Lecture
More informationModern Accelerators for High Energy Physics
Modern Accelerators for High Energy Physics 1. Types of collider beams 2. The Tevatron 3. HERA electron proton collider 4. The physics from colliders 5. Large Hadron Collider 6. Electron Colliders A.V.
More informationLarge Hadron Collider at CERN
Large Hadron Collider at CERN Steve Playfer 27km circumference depth 70-140m University of Edinburgh 15th Novemebr 2008 17.03.2010 Status of the LHC - Steve Playfer 1 17.03.2010 Status of the LHC - Steve
More informationLuminosity measurement at LHC
Luminosity measurement at LHC Corsi di Dottorato congiunti BO-FE-PD Corso di Fisica delle Alte Energie Aprile 2012 Per Grafstrom CERN Che cosa è la luminosita? Organizzazione Perche misurare la luminosita?
More informationPractical Lattice Design
Practical Lattice Design Dario Pellegrini (CERN) dario.pellegrini@cern.ch USPAS January, 15-19, 2018 1/17 D. Pellegrini - Practical Lattice Design Lecture 5. Low Beta Insertions 2/17 D. Pellegrini - Practical
More informationParticles and Universe: Particle accelerators
Particles and Universe: Particle accelerators Maria Krawczyk, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki March 24, 2015 M.Krawczyk, A.F.Żarnecki Particles and Universe 4 March 24, 2015 1 / 37 Lecture 4 1 Introduction 2
More informationLHC Detectors and their Physics Potential. Nick Ellis PH Department, CERN, Geneva
LHC Detectors and their Physics Potential Nick Ellis PH Department, CERN, Geneva 1 Part 1 Introduction to the LHC Detector Requirements & Design Concepts 2 What is the Large Hadron Collider? Circular proton-proton
More informationTools of Particle Physics I Accelerators
Tools of Particle Physics I Accelerators W.S. Graves July, 2011 MIT W.S. Graves July, 2011 1.Introduction to Accelerator Physics 2.Three Big Machines Large Hadron Collider (LHC) International Linear Collider
More informationThe achievements of the CERN proton antiproton collider
The achievements of the CERN proton antiproton collider Luigi DiLella Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy Motivation of the project The proton antiproton collider UA1 and UA2 detectors Discovery of the
More informationACCELERATOR PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE LHC
ACCELERATOR PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE LHC R.Schmidt CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland open-2000-148 09/Aug/2000 Abstract The Large Hadron Collider, to be installed in the 26 km long LEP tunnel, will
More informationThe LHC: the energy, cooling, and operation. Susmita Jyotishmati
The LHC: the energy, cooling, and operation Susmita Jyotishmati LHC design parameters Nominal LHC parameters Beam injection energy (TeV) 0.45 Beam energy (TeV) 7.0 Number of particles per bunch 1.15
More informationWolfgang Pauli, CERN, and the LHC. Rüdiger Voss Physics Department, CERN
Wolfgang Pauli, CERN, and the LHC Rüdiger Voss Physics Department, CERN Pauli and the origins of CERN Letter to Oppenheimer (1952): I am more urgently needed... here, particularly in connection with the
More informationParticle + Physics at ATLAS and the Large Hadron Coillder
Particle + Physics at ATLAS and the Large Hadron Coillder Discovering the elementary particles of the Universe Kate Shaw The International Centre for Theoretical Physics + Overview Introduction to Particle
More informationThe LHC Collider. STOA lecture, Brussels, 27 th November 2012 Steve Myers Director of Accelerators and Technology, CERN
The LHC Collider STOA lecture, Brussels, 27 th November 2012 Steve Myers Director of Accelerators and Technology, CERN Outline of Talk The LHC Stored energy and protection systems 2008 start-up 2008 accident
More informationBernhard Holzer, CERN-LHC
Bernhard Holzer, CERN-LHC * Bernhard Holzer, CERN CAS Prague 2014 Lattice Design... in 10 seconds... the Matrices Transformation of the coordinate vector (x,x ) in a lattice x(s) x = M 0 x'(s) 1 2 x' 0
More informationThe God particle at last? Astronomy Ireland, Oct 8 th, 2012
The God particle at last? Astronomy Ireland, Oct 8 th, 2012 Cormac O Raifeartaigh Waterford Institute of Technology CERN July 4 th 2012 (ATLAS and CMS ) A new particle of mass 125 GeV I The Higgs boson
More informationCorsi di Dottorato -Bologna. Corso di Fisica delle Alte Energie. Maggio Per Grafstrom University of Bologna and CERN
Introduzione agli acceleratori - prima parte Corsi di Dottorato -Bologna Corso di Fisica delle Alte Energie Maggio 2014 Per Grafstrom University of Bologna and CERN Organizzazione Introduction Lorenz force:
More informationAccelerator development
Future Colliders Stewart T. Boogert John Adams Institute at Royal Holloway Office : Wilson Building (RHUL) W251 Email : sboogert@pp.rhul.ac.uk Telephone : 01784 414062 Lectures aims High energy physics
More informationLHC State of the Art and News
LHC State of the Art and News ATL-GEN-SLIDE-2010-139 16 June 2010 Arno Straessner TU Dresden on behalf of the ATLAS Collaboration FSP 101 ATLAS Vulcano Workshop 2010 Frontier Objects in Astrophysics and
More informationSuperconducting Magnets for Future Electron-Ion Collider. Yuhong Zhang Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, USA
Superconducting Magnets for Future Electron-Ion Collider Yuhong Zhang Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, USA Mini-workshop on Accelerator, IAS, HKUST, Hong Kong, January 18-19, 2018 1 Outline
More informationR&D ON FUTURE CIRCULAR COLLIDERS
R&D ON FUTURE CIRCULAR COLLIDERS Double Chooz ALICE Edelweiss HESS Herschel CMS Detecting radiations from the Universe. Conseil Scientifique de l Institut 2015 Antoine Chance and Maria Durante MOTIVATIONS
More informationAn Introduction to Particle Accelerators. v short
An Introduction to Particle Accelerators v1.42 - short LHC FIRST BEAM 10-sep-2008 Introduction Part 1 Particle accelerators for HEP LHC: the world biggest accelerator, both in energy and size (as big as
More informationIntroduction to accelerators for teachers (Korean program) Mariusz Sapiński CERN, Beams Department August 9 th, 2012
Introduction to accelerators for teachers (Korean program) Mariusz Sapiński (mariusz.sapinski@cern.ch) CERN, Beams Department August 9 th, 2012 Definition (Britannica) Particle accelerator: A device producing
More informationLHC & ATLAS. The largest particle physics experiment in the world. Vincent Hedberg - Lund University 1
LHC & ATLAS The largest particle physics experiment in the world 1 CERN A laboratory for the world Torsten Gustavson CERN was founded in 1954 There were 12 member states in the beginning. 2 OBSERVERS:
More information8 lectures on accelerator physics
8 lectures on accelerator physics Lectures can be found at Lecture 1 and 2: Introduction Why do we accelerate? What are the important parameters for characterizing accelerators Lecture 3 and 4: Examples
More informationIntroduction to Elementary Particle Physics I
Physics 56400 Introduction to Elementary Particle Physics I Lecture 9 Fall 2018 Semester Prof. Matthew Jones Particle Accelerators In general, we only need classical electrodynamics to discuss particle
More informationLuminosity determination at proton colliders. November 2015 Per Grafstrom CERN and University of Bologna
Luminosity determination at proton colliders November 2015 Per Grafstrom CERN and University of Bologna 1 % Range of precision in luminosity measurements in % 6 5 4 Tevatron 3 2 SPS collider 1 ISR LHC
More information7 Physics at Hadron Colliders
7 Physics at Hadron Colliders The present and future Hadron Colliders - The Tevatron and the LHC Test of the Standard Model at Hadron Colliders Jet, W/Z, Top-quark production Physics of Beauty Quarks (T.
More informationBeam Dynamics. D. Brandt, CERN. CAS Bruges June 2009 Beam Dynamics D. Brandt 1
Beam Dynamics D. Brandt, CERN D. Brandt 1 Some generalities D. Brandt 2 Units: the electronvolt (ev) The electronvolt (ev)) is the energy gained by an electron travelling, in vacuum, between two points
More informationLecture 1 and 2: Introduction Why do we accelerate? What are the important parameters for characterizing accelerators Lecture 3 and 4: Examples
5 lectures on accelerator physics + 3 invited lectures Lectures can be found at Lecture 1 and 2: Introduction Why do we accelerate? What are the important parameters for characterizing accelerators Lecture
More informationWeak Interactions. The Theory of GLASHOW, SALAM and WEINBERG
Weak Interactions The Theory of GLASHOW, SALAM and WEINBERG ~ 1959-1968 (Nobel 1979) Theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction, transmitted by exchange of intermediate vector bosons mass
More informationThe God particle at last? Science Week, Nov 15 th, 2012
The God particle at last? Science Week, Nov 15 th, 2012 Cormac O Raifeartaigh Waterford Institute of Technology CERN July 4 th 2012 (ATLAS and CMS ) A new particle of mass 125 GeV Why is the Higgs particle
More informationLast Friday: pp(bar) Physics Intro, the TeVatron
Last Friday: pp(bar) Physics Intro, the TeVatron Today: The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) 7 TeV + 7 TeV Protons Protons 10 11 Protons per bunch Bunch Crossings 4x10 7 Hz Proton
More informationLHC commissioning. 22nd June Mike Lamont LHC commissioning - CMS 1
LHC commissioning Mike Lamont AB-OP nd June 005.06.05 LHC commissioning - CMS 1 Detailed planning for 7-87 8 and 8-18 005 006 Short Circuit Tests CNGS/TI8/IT1 HWC LSS.L8.06.05 LHC commissioning - CMS Sector
More informationLHC Commissioning in 2008
LHC Commissioning in 2008 Mike Lamont AB/OP Schedule slides c/o Lyn Evans (MAC 14/6/07) Status: Installation & equipment commissioning LHC commissioning - CMS June 07 2 Procurement problems of remaining
More informationGianluigi Arduini CERN - Beams Dept. - Accelerator & Beam Physics Group
Gianluigi Arduini CERN - Beams Dept. - Accelerator & Beam Physics Group Acknowledgements: O. Brüning, S. Fartoukh, M. Giovannozzi, G. Iadarola, M. Lamont, E. Métral, N. Mounet, G. Papotti, T. Pieloni,
More informationStatus and Outlook of the LHC
Status and Outlook of the LHC Enrico Bravin - CERN BE-BI J-PARC visit seminar 6 July 2017 Outlook Overview of LHC Objectives for run2 Parameters for 2016/2017 and differences w.r.t. 2015 Summary of commissioning
More informationLHC Luminosity and Energy Upgrade
LHC Luminosity and Energy Upgrade Walter Scandale CERN Accelerator Technology department EPAC 06 27 June 2006 We acknowledge the support of the European Community-Research Infrastructure Activity under
More informationAccelerator Physics Final Exam pts.
Accelerator Physics Final Exam - 170 pts. S. M. Lund and Y. Hao Graders: C. Richard and C. Y. Wong June 14, 2018 Problem 1 P052 Emittance Evolution 40 pts. a) 5 pts: Consider a coasting beam composed of
More informationExperimental Tests of the Standard Model. Precision Tests of the Standard Model
Experimental Tests of the Standard Model Precision Tests of the Standard Model - History of EW theory - Discovery of the Z and W Boson by the UA1/UA2 experiments (1983) - Precision tests of the Z sector
More informationDiscovery of the W and Z 0 Bosons
Discovery of the W and Z 0 Bosons Status of the Standard Model ~1980 Planning the Search for W ± and Z 0 SppS, UA1 and UA2 The analyses and the observed events First measurements of W ± and Z 0 masses
More informationThe discovery of W ± and Z 0 vector-bosons
The discovery of W ± and Z 0 vector-bosons Giulia De Zordo April 15, 2014 Abstract This article is about the discovery of the W ± and Z 0 vector-bosons, the carriers of weak interaction. The discovery
More informationSearch for SUperSYmmetry SUSY
PART 3 Search for SUperSYmmetry SUSY SUPERSYMMETRY Symmetry between fermions (matter) and bosons (forces) for each particle p with spin s, there exists a SUSY partner p~ with spin s-1/2. q ~ g (s=1)
More informationDean Karlen University of Victoria & TRIUMF. APS NW Section Meeting 2005 Victoria, Canada
Dean Karlen University of Victoria & TRIUMF APS NW Section Meeting 2005 Victoria, Canada The International Linear Collider Next in the line of e + e - colliders at the high energy frontier of particle
More informationR-hadrons and Highly Ionising Particles: Searches and Prospects
R-hadrons and Highly Ionising Particles: Searches and Prospects David Milstead Stockholm University The need for new particles Why they could be heavy and stable How can we identify them in current and
More informationA Luminosity Leveling Method for LHC Luminosity Upgrade using an Early Separation Scheme
LHC Project Note 03 May 007 guido.sterbini@cern.ch A Luminosity Leveling Method for LHC Luminosity Upgrade using an Early Separation Scheme G. Sterbini and J.-P. Koutchouk, CERN Keywords: LHC Luminosity
More informationProgress on the Large Hadron electron Collider. O. Brüning, E. Nissen, D. Pellegrini, D. Schulte, A. Valloni, F. Zimmermann 1
O. Brüning, E. Nissen, D. Pellegrini, D. Schulte, A. Valloni, F. Zimmermann 1 CERN Meyrin, Switzerland E-mail: oliver.bruning@cern.ch, edward.nissen@cern.ch, dario.pellegrini@cern.ch, daniel.schulte@cern.ch,
More informationIntroduction to Transverse Beam Dynamics
Introduction to Transverse Beam Dynamics B.J. Holzer CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Abstract In this chapter we give an introduction to the transverse dynamics of the particles in a synchrotron or storage ring.
More informationSC magnets for Future HEHIHB Colliders
SC magnets for Future HEHIHB Colliders presented by L. Bottura WAMS, Archamps, March 22-23,2004 Overview Few selected examples of drivers for R&D in the next 10 years LHC upgrades scenarios (why? how?)
More informationIntroduction to particle accelerators
Introduction to particle accelerators Walter Scandale CERN - AT department Lecce, 17 June 2006 Introductory remarks Particle accelerators are black boxes producing either flux of particles impinging on
More informationPhysics 736. Experimental Methods in Nuclear-, Particle-, and Astrophysics. - Accelerator Techniques: Introduction and History -
Physics 736 Experimental Methods in Nuclear-, Particle-, and Astrophysics - Accelerator Techniques: Introduction and History - Karsten Heeger heeger@wisc.edu Homework #8 Karsten Heeger, Univ. of Wisconsin
More informationThe Electron-Ion Collider
The Electron-Ion Collider C. Tschalaer 1. Introduction In the past year, the idea of a polarized electron-proton (e-p) or electron-ion (e-a) collider of high luminosity (10 33 cm -2 s -1 or more) and c.m.
More informationRING-RING DESIGN. Miriam Fitterer, CERN - KIT for the LHeC study group
RING-RING DESIGN Miriam Fitterer, CERN - KIT for the LHeC study group LHeC Design Options LHeC Design Options Linac-Ring LHeC Design Options Linac-Ring Ring-Ring Point 4 P Z4 5 P M4 5 P X4 6 Point 5 P
More informationDiscovery Physics at the Large Hadron Collider
+ / 2 GeV N evt 4 10 3 10 2 10 CMS 2010 Preliminary s=7 TeV -1 L dt = 35 pb R > 0.15 R > 0.20 R > 0.25 R > 0.30 R > 0.35 R > 0.40 R > 0.45 R > 0.50 10 1 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 [GeV] M R Discovery
More informationThe ATLAS Detector at the LHC
The ATLAS Detector at the LHC Results from the New Energy Frontier Cristina Oropeza Barrera Experimental Particle Physics University of Glasgow Somewhere near the Swiss Alps... A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS
More informationSPPC Study and R&D Planning. Jingyu Tang for the SPPC study group IAS Program for High Energy Physics January 18-21, 2016, HKUST
SPPC Study and R&D Planning Jingyu Tang for the SPPC study group IAS Program for High Energy Physics January 18-21, 2016, HKUST Main topics Pre-conceptual design study Studies on key technical issues R&D
More informationCOMBINER RING LATTICE
CTFF3 TECHNICAL NOTE INFN - LNF, Accelerator Division Frascati, April 4, 21 Note: CTFF3-2 COMBINER RING LATTICE C. Biscari 1. Introduction The 3 rd CLIC test facility, CTF3, is foreseen to check the feasibility
More informationCorrection of β-beating due to beam-beam for the LHC and its impact on dynamic aperture
Correction of β-beating due to beam-beam for the LHC and its impact on dynamic aperture WEOAB2 Luis Medina1,2, R. Toma s2, J. Barranco3, X. Buffat1, Y. Papaphilippou1, T. Pieloni3 1 Universidad de Guanajuato,
More informationThe CERN Accelerator School holds courses in all of the member states of CERN. 2013, Erice, Italy
The CERN Accelerator School holds courses in all of the member states of CERN 2013, Erice, Italy Superconductivity for Accelerators Numerous changes in last weeks Background RF Magnets Technology Case
More informationLHC Upgrade Plan and Ideas - scenarios & constraints from the machine side
LHC Upgrade Plan and Ideas - scenarios & constraints from the machine side Frank Zimmermann LHCb Upgrade Workshop Edinburgh, 11 January 2007 Frank Zimmermann, LHCb Upgrade Workshop time scale of LHC upgrade
More informationBeam losses versus BLM locations at the LHC
Geneva, 12 April 25 LHC Machine Protection Review Beam losses versus BLM locations at the LHC R. Assmann, S. Redaelli, G. Robert-Demolaize AB - ABP Acknowledgements: B. Dehning Motivation - Are the proposed
More informationParticle Physics Columbia Science Honors Program
Particle Physics Columbia Science Honors Program Week 10: LHC and Experiments April 8th, 2017 Inês Ochoa, Nevis Labs, Columbia University 1 Course Policies Attendance: Up to four excused absences (two
More informationLHC detectors: commissioning and early physics
Journal of Physics: Conference Series LHC detectors: commissioning and early physics To cite this article: O Buchmüller 2008 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 110 012015 Related content - The LHC detector challenge
More informationBEAM TESTS OF THE LHC TRANSVERSE FEEDBACK SYSTEM
JINR BEAM TESTS OF THE LHC TRANSVERSE FEEDBACK SYSTEM W.Höfle, G.Kotzian, E.Montesinos, M.Schokker, D.Valuch (CERN) V.M. Zhabitsky (JINR) XXII Russian Particle Accelerator Conference 27.9-1.1. 21, Protvino
More informationHE-LHC Optics Development
SLAC-PUB-17224 February 2018 HE-LHC Optics Development Yunhai Cai and Yuri Nosochkov* SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA Mail to: yuri@slac.stanford.edu Massimo Giovannozzi, Thys
More informationParticle Physics. Dr Victoria Martin, Spring Semester 2012 Lecture 10: QCD at Colliders
Particle Physics Dr Victoria Martin, Spring Semester 2012 Lecture 10: QCD at Colliders! Renormalisation in QCD!Asymptotic Freedom and Confinement in QCD! Lepton and Hadron Colliders!R = (e + e!!hadrons)/(e
More informationLHC Status and CERN s future plans. Lyn Evans
LHC Status and CERN s future plans Lyn Evans Machine layout L. Evans EDMS document no. 859415 2 Cryodipole overview 1250 1000 Equivalent dipoles 750 500 250 0 01-Jan-01 01-Jan-02 01-Jan-03 01-Jan-04 01-Jan-05
More informationAccelerators. Acceleration mechanism always electromagnetic Start with what s available: e - or p Significant differences between accelerators of
Accelerators Acceleration mechanism always electromagnetic Start with what s available: e - or p Significant differences between accelerators of e - : Always ultra-relativistic, therefore constant speed
More informationKiwoon Choi (KAIST) 3 rd GCOE Symposium Feb (Tohoku Univ.)
Exploring New Physics beyond the Standard Model of Particle Physics Kiwoon Choi (KAIST) 3 rd GCOE Symposium Feb. 2011 (Tohoku Univ.) We are confronting a critical moment of particle physics with the CERN
More informationIntroduction to Collider Physics
Introduction to Collider Physics William Barletta United States Particle Accelerator School Dept. of Physics, MIT The Very Big Picture Accelerators Figure of Merit 1: Accelerator energy ==> energy frontier
More informationCEPC Detector and Physics Studies
CEPC Detector and Physics Studies Hongbo Zhu (IHEP) On Behalf of the CEPC-SppC Study Group FCC Week 2015, 23-27 March, Washington DC Outline Project overview Higgs Physics @ CEPC The CEPC detector Machine-Detector
More informationPreliminary Design of m + m - Higgs Factory Machine-Detector Interface
Fermilab Accelerator Physics Center Preliminary Design of m + m - Higgs Factory Machine-Detector Interface Nikolai Mokhov Y. Alexahin, V. Kashikhin, S. Striganov, I. Tropin, A. Zlobin Fermilab Higgs Factory
More informationBACKGROUND LHC Physics Program Summary LHC PHYSICS. Andrés G. Delannoy 1. 1 Vanderbilt University. 2014/07/21 1
2014/07/21 delannoy@cern.ch 1 LHC PHYSICS Andrés G. Delannoy 1 1 Vanderbilt University 2014/07/21 delannoy@cern.ch 2 1 BACKGROUND The Large Hadron Collider The Standard Model The Higgs Mechanism SuperSymmetry
More informationLHC. Construction Understanding first the commissioning. Prospects for
LHC Overview The problem what and is fixing LHC it? Construction Understanding first the commissioning problem Making Beam sure commissioning there no Titanic II Prospects for 2009 2010 LHC is a superconducting
More informationD. Brandt, CERN. CAS Frascati 2008 Accelerators for Newcomers D. Brandt 1
Accelerators for Newcomers D. Brandt, CERN D. Brandt 1 Why this Introduction? During this school, you will learn about beam dynamics in a rigorous way but some of you are completely new to the field of
More informationAccelerator. Physics of PEP-I1. Lecture #7. March 13,1998. Dr. John Seeman
Accelerator Physics of PEP-1 Lecture #7 March 13,1998 Dr. John Seeman Accelerator Physics of PEPJ John Seeman March 13,1998 1) What is PEP-? Lecture 1 2) 3) Beam parameters for an luminosity of 3~1~~/cm~/sec
More informationMAGNET SYSTEMS FOR LARGE PARTICLE ACCELERATORS
MAGNET SYSTEMS FOR LARGE PARTICLE ACCELERATORS Arnaud Devred CEA/Saclay Snowmass Lectures on Magnets, Revisited July 2001 1 Contents Tools of Particle Physics Accelerator Types Accelerator Components Synchrotron-Type
More informationLIS section meeting. PS2 design status. Y. Papaphilippou. April 30 th, 2007
LIS section meeting PS2 design status Y. Papaphilippou April 30 th, 2007 Upgrade of the injector chain (R. Garoby, PAF) Proton flux / Beam power 50 MeV 160 MeV Linac2 Linac4 1.4 GeV ~ 5 GeV PSB SPL RCPSB
More informationOperational Experience with HERA
PAC 07, Albuquerque, NM, June 27, 2007 Operational Experience with HERA Joachim Keil / DESY On behalf of the HERA team Contents Introduction HERA II Luminosity Production Experiences with HERA Persistent
More informationTLEP White Paper : Executive Summary
TLEP White Paper : Executive Summary q TLEP : A first step in a long- term vision for particle physics In the context of a global project CERN implementation A. Blondel J. Osborne and C. Waajer See Design
More informationDYNAMIC APERTURE STUDIES FOR HL-LHC V1.0 *
SLAC PUB 17366 December 2018 DYNAMIC APERTURE STUDIES FOR HL-LHC V1.0 * Y. Cai, R. De Maria, M. Giovannozzi, Y. Nosochkov, F.F. Van der Veken ;1 CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland SLAC National Accelerator
More informationInterface with Experimental Detector in the High Luminosity Run
Chapter 5 Interface with Experimental Detector in the High Luminosity Run H. Burkhardt CERN, BE Department, Genève 23, CH-1211, Switzerland This chapter describes the upgrade of the interaction regions
More information17/01/17 F. Ould-Saada
Chapter 3 3.1 Why Do We Need Accelerators? 3.1.1 The Center-of-Mass (c.m.) System 3.1.2 The Laboratory System 3.1.3 Fixed Target Accelerator and Collider 3.2 Linear and Circular Accelerators 3.2.1 Linear
More informationThe Why, What, and How? of the Higgs Boson
Modern Physics The Why, What, and How? of the Higgs Boson Sean Yeager University of Portland 10 April 2015 Outline Review of the Standard Model Review of Symmetries Symmetries in the Standard Model The
More informationSearches Beyond the Standard Model at the LHC. Yuri Gershtein
Searches Beyond the Standard Model at the LHC Yuri Gershtein There Must Be New Physics! Explain low mass of Higgs (hierarchy problem) Explain Dark Matter why shouldn t it be produced at colliders? Explain
More informatione + e Factories M. Sullivan Presented at the Particle Accelerator Conference June 25-29, 2007 in Albuquerque, New Mexico e+e- Factories
e + e Factories M. Sullivan Presented at the Particle Accelerator Conference June 25-29, 2007 in Albuquerque, New Mexico 1 Outline Factory Running KEKB PEP-II DAFNE CESR-c BEPCII 2 Summary Factory Running
More informationWelcome to CERN! Dr. Yannis PAPAPHILIPPOU ACCELERATOR AND BEAMS Department. 05 Novembre
Welcome to CERN! Dr. Yannis PAPAPHILIPPOU ACCELERATOR AND BEAMS Department 05 Novembre 2003 1 1949-1950: First ideas for creating a European laboratory in physics 1952: Foundation of the European Council
More information