Introduction to Elementary Particle Physics I
|
|
|
- Jasmin Reeves
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Physics Introduction to Elementary Particle Physics I Lecture 9 Fall 2018 Semester Prof. Matthew Jones
2 Particle Accelerators In general, we only need classical electrodynamics to discuss particle acceleration. Force on a charged particle: ԦF = q( Ԧv B + E) Work done on a charged particle: b b W ab = න F Ԧ dx = q න E dx a a Electric potential: E = V Change in energy: E = W ab = q(v a V b )
3 Simplest Particle Accelerator +V +ze The (positive) charge gains energy E = V ze That s one reason why we use electron-volts to measure energy. This is how electrons are accelerated in x-ray machines, cathode ray tubes, vacuum tubes,
4 Particle Accelerators m p = MeV m 7 Li = MeV m He = MeV m p + m 7 Li = MeV 2 m He = MeV In 1932, Cockroft and Walton accelerated protons to 600 kev, produced the reaction and verified E=mc 2. The process is not forbidden but we still have to bring the proton close to the Lithium nucleus. W = W = Ze2 R R = r 0 A 1/3 ~ 2.4 fm e 2 = ħc MeV fm = 1.8 MeV fm 4
5 Van de Graaf Accelerators Because very little current is required, static electricity provides a way to get high voltages
6 Tandem Van de Graaff Accelerators Negative ions are accelerated and then stripped of their electrons.
7 Tandem Van de Graaff Acclerators 8 MV primarily used for mass spectroscopy.
8 Linear Accelerators Recall that inside a conducting cavity, there is no electric field because the entire surface is at the same electric potential. There will be an electric field between conducting cavities at different potentials. If the voltage source changes phase when particles are inside the cavities, then they will be accelerated in the gaps between the cavities.
9 Linear Accelerators Non-relativistic: β = 2T mc 2 RF frequency f, wavelength λ = c/f. Distance travelled in one period: Δz = βct = βc f = βλ Particles gain energy e V across each gap. As β 1, it is convenient to keep z ~ 30 cm f ~ 1 GHz (microwaves)
10 Linear Accelerators High power microwaves are produced by klystrons Microwave cavities act as coupled oscillators 9-cell TESLA cavity Q-factor: Field gradient: 20 MV/m Length required to achieve a total energy of 50 GeV: L = 2.5 km
11 Stanford Linear Accelerator
12 From , Lawrence built bigger and bigger cyclotrons, accelerating protons to higher and higher energies: 80 kev 100 MeV. Circular Accelerators
13 Cyclotrons Energy increases by V each time a particle crosses the gap between the dees. Period of orbit: F = mv2 = qvb r v = qbr m T = 2πr v = 2πm qb = const. Velocity increases linearly with radius of orbit. Kinetic energy: E = 1 2 mv2 = q2 B 2 r 2 2m
14 Cyclotrons If the magnetic field were perfectly uniform, then the particles would travel in helices and eventually hit the magnetic poles. The beam is unstable S N
15 Cyclotrons It is desirable to have a slightly non-uniform magnetic field: S B db dz 0 ԦF N
16 Cyclotrons Careful consideration goes into the design of the magnet it also has to compensate for relativistic effects at high energies the period is no longer constant TRIUMF cyclotron magnet (1972): 500 MeV protons.
17 Weak Focusing A uniform magnetic field does not have a focusing effect on a displaced beam: x x The size of the required aperture scales linearly with the beam energy.
18 Weak Focusing Brookhaven Cosmotron ( ) B = 1.5 T E = 3 GeV Beam aperture: 6 in x 26 in
19 Weak Focusing Berkeley Bevatron ( ) E = 6 GeV Beam aperture: 12 in x 48 in Such large beam apertures are not cost effective for higher energies.
20 Weak Focusing Argonne Zero Gradient Synchrotron ( ) E = 12.5 GeV
21 Betatron Oscillations To first order, magnets are constructed so that B r = B y = const. A non-uniform field can be created using tapered pole pieces: r n y B y = B 0 Change of variables: ξ = y/r ρ = rτr 1 B y = B ρ n R B 0 (1 nρ) r
22 Betratron Oscillations Maxwell s equations in free space for static fields: B = 0 B z = B r y B y r = 0 B y r ቚ = B 0n R R = B r y The radial component of the field is: B r = B 0n R y
23 ሷ Betatron Oscillations Lorentz force: ԦF = q Ԧv z B F r = q v z B r B 0 n F y = q v z y = m ሷ R y This describes simple harmonic motion along the vertical axis y + ω 2 0 y = 0 ω 2 0 = q v zb 0 n R
24 Strong Focusing Most accelerators use alternating sets of magnets with opposite tapers a) With n 0 : focuses in y and defocuses in r b) With n 0 : focuses in r and defocuses in y The combination focuses in both r and y Examples: CERN PS (1959): 28 GeV, beam aperture 3 x6 Brookhaven AGS (1960): 33 GeV, 3 x7
25 Circular Electron Colliders Stanford Linear Accelerator Center SPEAR (1972): e + e collisions at up to E cm = 8 GeV Discovery of the charm quark and tau leptons.
26 Circular Electron Accelerators DORIS ( ): e + e collisions at E cm = 10 GeV PETRA ( ): e + e collisions at E cm = 38 GeV HERA ( ): e p collisions, E e = 27.5 GeV, E p = 920 GeV
27 Circular Electron Accelerators Year E cm (GeV) The original LEP tunnel now contains the Large Hadron Collider.
28 High Intensity B-factories High intensity e + e colliders with E cm ~10 GeV are very useful for producing lots of B mesons DORIS collider/argus detector PEP-II collider/babar detector ( ) CESR collider/cleo detector ( ) KEK-B collider/belle detector (1999-) Also important sources of charm quarks and tau leptons.
29 Electron-Positron Colliders
30 Circular Proton Colliders CERN PS (Proton-Synchrotron): 25 GeV Now used as a booster CERN ISR: pp collisions at E cm = 62 GeV Technical challenge: beam cooling Large, diffuse beams have low luminosity Beams need to be physically small and have small amplitude betatron oscillations Stochastic cooling: Simon van der Meer (Nobel Prize 1984)
31 Circular Proton Accelerators CERN SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron): 450 GeV Circumference: 7 km Constructed using conventional magnets
32 Circular Proton Accelerators Fermilab Main Ring: GeV protons Fermilab Energy Doubler: 500 GeV protons using superconducting magnets 4.5 Tesla field, discovery of W and Z
33 Proton-Antiproton Collisions SPS converted into a ppҧ collider ( ) Achieved E cm = 630 GeV
34 Fermilab Tevatron ppҧ collisions at 1.8 TeV (1986) CDF and D0 experiments discover top quark (1995) Run II: ppҧ collisions at 1.96 TeV ( )
35 Large Hadron Collider Proton-proton collisions at E cm = 14 TeV 8.3 Tesla superconducting magnets
Particles and Universe: Particle accelerators
Particles and Universe: Particle accelerators Maria Krawczyk, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki March 24, 2015 M.Krawczyk, A.F.Żarnecki Particles and Universe 4 March 24, 2015 1 / 37 Lecture 4 1 Introduction 2
PHYS 3446 Lecture #15
PHYS 3446 Lecture #15 Monday, Oct. 30, 2006 Dr. 1. Particle Accelerators Electro-static Accelerators Cyclotron Accelerators Synchrotron Accelerators 2. Elementary Particle Properties Forces and their relative
PHYS 3446 Lecture #18
PHYS 3446 Lecture #18 Monday, Nov. 7, 2016 Dr. Jae Yu Particle Accelerators Electro-static Accelerators Cyclotron Accelerators Synchrotron Accelerators Elementary Particle Properties Forces and their relative
Accelerator Physics Weak Focusing. S. A. Bogacz, G. A. Krafft, S. DeSilva, R. Gamage Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 2
Accelerator Physics Weak Focusing S. A. Bogacz, G. A. Krafft, S. DeSilva, R. Gamage Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 2 Betatrons 25 MeV electron accelerator with its inventor: Don Kerst. The
3. Particle accelerators
3. Particle accelerators 3.1 Relativistic particles 3.2 Electrostatic accelerators 3.3 Ring accelerators Betatron // Cyclotron // Synchrotron 3.4 Linear accelerators 3.5 Collider Van-de-Graaf accelerator
Accelerator Physics Weak Focussing. A. Bogacz, G. A. Krafft, and T. Zolkin Jefferson Lab Colorado State University Lecture 2
Accelerator Physics Weak Focussing A. Bogacz, G. A. Krafft, and T. Zolkin Jefferson Lab Colorado State University Lecture 2 Betatrons 25 MeV electron accelerator with its inventor: Don Kerst. The earliest
Particle physics experiments
Particle physics experiments Particle physics experiments: collide particles to produce new particles reveal their internal structure and laws of their interactions by observing regularities, measuring
Section 4 : Accelerators
Section 4 : Accelerators In addition to their critical role in the evolution of nuclear science, nuclear particle accelerators have become an essential tool in both industry and medicine. Table 4.1 summarizes
High Energy Physics. QuarkNet summer workshop June 24-28, 2013
High Energy Physics QuarkNet summer workshop June 24-28, 2013 1 The Birth of Particle Physics In 1896, Thompson showed that electrons were particles, not a fluid. In 1905, Einstein argued that photons
Saptaparnee Chaudhuri. University of South Carolina Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Saptaparnee Chaudhuri University of South Carolina Dept. of Physics and Astronomy 1 WORKING OF LAWRENCE S CYCLOTRON APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF CYCLOTRON THE SYNCHROCYCLOTRON THE SYNCHROTRON 2 LAWRENCE
Direct-Current Accelerator
Nuclear Science A Teacher s Guide to the Nuclear Science Wall Chart 1998 Contemporary Physics Education Project (CPEP) Chapter 11 Accelerators One of the most important tools of nuclear science is the
A brief history of accelerators, detectors and experiments: (See Chapter 14 and Appendix H in Rolnick.)
Physics 557 Lecture 7 A brief history of accelerators, detectors and experiments: (See Chapter 14 and Appendix H in Rolnick.) First came the study of the debris from cosmic rays (the God-given particle
Why do we accelerate particles?
Why do we accelerate particles? (1) To take existing objects apart 1803 J. Dalton s indivisible atom atoms of one element can combine with atoms of other element to make compounds, e.g. water is made of
Historical developments. of particle acceleration
Historical developments of particle acceleration Y.Papaphilippou N. Catalan-Lasheras USPAS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 20 th June 1 st July 2005 1 Outline Principles of Linear Acceleration Electrostatic
EP228 Particle Physics
EP8 Particle Physics Topic 3 Department of Engineering Physics University of Gaziantep Course web page www.gantep.edu.tr/~bingul/ep8 Dec 01 Page 1 Outline 1. Introduction. Electrostatic (DC) Accelerators
Lectures on accelerator physics
Lectures on accelerator physics Lecture 3 and 4: Examples Examples of accelerators 1 Rutherford s Scattering (1909) Particle Beam Target Detector 2 Results 3 Did Rutherford get the Nobel Prize for this?
Accelerators. Acceleration mechanism always electromagnetic Start with what s available: e - or p Significant differences between accelerators of
Accelerators Acceleration mechanism always electromagnetic Start with what s available: e - or p Significant differences between accelerators of e - : Always ultra-relativistic, therefore constant speed
Physics 663. Particle Physics Phenomenology. April 9, Physics 663, lecture 2 1
Physics 663 Particle Physics Phenomenology April 9, 2002 Physics 663, lecture 2 1 History Two Principles Electrostatic Cockcroft-Walton Accelerators Van de Graaff and tandem Van de Graaff Transformers
Physics 610. Adv Particle Physics. April 7, 2014
Physics 610 Adv Particle Physics April 7, 2014 Accelerators History Two Principles Electrostatic Cockcroft-Walton Van de Graaff and tandem Van de Graaff Transformers Cyclotron Betatron Linear Induction
Linear and circular accelerators
Linear and circular accelerators Ion Accelerator Physics and Technology Oliver Boine-Frankenheim, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Darmstadt Tel. 06159 712408, O.Boine-Frankenheim@gsi.de o
Short Introduction to CLIC and CTF3, Technologies for Future Linear Colliders
Short Introduction to CLIC and CTF3, Technologies for Future Linear Colliders Explanation of the Basic Principles and Goals Visit to the CTF3 Installation Roger Ruber Collider History p p hadron collider
Introduction to Particle Accelerators & CESR-C
Introduction to Particle Accelerators & CESR-C Michael Billing June 7, 2006 What Are the Uses for Particle Accelerators? Medical Accelerators Create isotopes tracers for Medical Diagnostics & Biological
!"#$%$!&'()$"('*+,-')'+-$#..+/+,0)&,$%.1&&/$ LONGITUDINAL BEAM DYNAMICS
LONGITUDINAL BEAM DYNAMICS Elias Métral BE Department CERN The present transparencies are inherited from Frank Tecker (CERN-BE), who gave this course last year and who inherited them from Roberto Corsini
Summer Student Lectures. Oliver Brüning SL/AP. ttp://bruening.home.cern.ch/bruening/summer school/lecture1
Accelerators Summer Student Lectures 2002 Oliver Brüning SL/AP ttp://bruening.home.cern.ch/bruening/summer school/lecture1 Particle Accelerators Physics of Accelerators: High power RF waves Cryogenics
Accelerators Ideal Case
Accelerators Ideal Case Goal of an accelerator: increase energy of CHARGED par:cles Increase energy ΔE = r 2 F dr = q ( E + v B)d r The par:cle trajectory direc:on dr parallel to v ΔE = increase of energy
Accelerator Physics and Technologies for Linear Colliders University of Chicago, Physics 575
Accelerator Physics and Technologies for Linear Colliders University of Chicago, Physics 575 Lecture 1: S. D. Holmes, An Introduction to Accelerators for High Energy Physics I. Introduction to the Course
Experimental Techniques
Experimental Techniques Accelerators History Techniques Current Facilities Detectors Fundamental principles Detector concepts Current and recent experiments J. Brau Physics 662, Chapter 11 1 Accelerators
Introduction to accelerators for teachers (Korean program) Mariusz Sapiński CERN, Beams Department August 9 th, 2012
Introduction to accelerators for teachers (Korean program) Mariusz Sapiński (mariusz.sapinski@cern.ch) CERN, Beams Department August 9 th, 2012 Definition (Britannica) Particle accelerator: A device producing
PARTICLE ACCELERATORS
VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE PARTICLE ACCELERATORS Particle accelerators are used to accelerate elementary particles to very high energies for: Production of radioisotopes Probing the structure of matter There
Accelerators. W. Udo Schröder, 2004
1 Accelerators Overview Electrostatic Accelerators Cascade Van de Graaff V.d.G. Tandem generator Accelerator 2-3 stages steady (DC) beam, high quality focusing, energy, currents; but low energies Accelerators
Particle Acceleration
Nuclear and Particle Physics Junior Honours: Particle Physics Lecture 4: Accelerators and Detectors February 19th 2007 Particle Beams and Accelerators Particle Physics Labs Accelerators Synchrotron Radiation
Particle Accelerators. The Electrostatic Accelerators
Particle Accelerators The Electrostatic Accelerators References K. Wille The Physics of Particle Accelerator, Oxford University press pag 1-29 H. Wiedeman Particle accelerator physics volume 1, chapter
Accelerators. The following are extracts from a lecture course at Nikhef (Amsterdam).
Accelerators The following are extracts from a lecture course at Nikhef (Amsterdam). You are not required to know this information for this course, but you will find it interesting as background information
Introduction to Accelerators. Scientific Tools for High Energy Physics and Synchrotron Radiation Research
Introduction to Accelerators. Scientific Tools for High Energy Physics and Synchrotron Radiation Research Pedro Castro Introduction to Particle Accelerators DESY, July 2010 What you will see Pedro Castro
Summary of lecture 1 and 2: Main ingredients in LHC success
Summary of lecture 1 and 2: Main ingredients in LHC success LHC LHC Tevatron Tevatron s=1.8tev Energy 10 times higher cross section than Tevatron and integrated luminosity already ½ at end of 2011! 1 Lectures
Medical Linac. Block diagram. Electron source. Bending magnet. Accelerating structure. Klystron or magnetron. Pulse modulator.
Block diagram Medical Linac Electron source Bending magnet Accelerating structure Pulse modulator Klystron or magnetron Treatment head 1 Medical Linac 2 Treatment Head 3 Important Accessories Wedges Dynamic
Journey to the world of elementary particles
Created with pptalk Slide 1/29 Journey to the world of elementary particles Palash B. Pal Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Calcutta Created with pptalk Slide 2/29 The concept of elementary constituents
Accelerator Details: the Antiproton Source
1 di 6 10/05/2006 9.23 Return to Fermilab's Chain of Accelerators (movie clip) Fermilab's Chain of Accelerators Return to Accelerator Details Main Page Why use antiprotons? A collider has an enormous advantage
Physics at Accelerators
Physics at Accelerators Course outline: The first 4 lectures covers the physics principles of accelerators. Preliminary plan: Lecture 1: Accelerators, an introduction. Acceleration principles. Lecture
Weak focusing I. mv r. Only on the reference orbit is zero
Weak focusing I y x F x mv r 2 evb y Only on the reference orbit is zero r R x R(1 x/ R) B y R By x By B0y x B0y 1 x B0 y x R Weak focusing (II) Field index F x mv R 2 x R 1 n Betatron frequency 2 Fx mx
Physics 417/517 Introduction to Particle Accelerator Physics. G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Jefferson Lab Professor of Physics Old Dominion University
Physics 417/517 Introduction to Particle Accelerator Physics G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Jefferson Lab Professor of Physics Old Dominion University Methods of Acceleration Acceleration by Static Electric
Particle Physics. Dr Victoria Martin, Spring Semester 2012 Lecture 10: QCD at Colliders
Particle Physics Dr Victoria Martin, Spring Semester 2012 Lecture 10: QCD at Colliders! Renormalisation in QCD!Asymptotic Freedom and Confinement in QCD! Lepton and Hadron Colliders!R = (e + e!!hadrons)/(e
Graduate Accelerator Physics. G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 1
Graduate Accelerator Physics G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 1 Course Outline Course Content Introduction to Accelerators and Short Historical Overview Basic Units and Definitions
Physics 736. Experimental Methods in Nuclear-, Particle-, and Astrophysics. - Accelerator Techniques: Introduction and History -
Physics 736 Experimental Methods in Nuclear-, Particle-, and Astrophysics - Accelerator Techniques: Introduction and History - Karsten Heeger heeger@wisc.edu Homework #8 Karsten Heeger, Univ. of Wisconsin
Engines of Discovery
Engines of Discovery R.S. Orr Department of Physics University of Toronto Berkley 1930 1 MeV Geneva 20089 14 TeV Birth of Particle Physics and Accelerators 1909 Geiger/Marsden MeV a backscattering - Manchester
Lecture 1 - Overview of Accelerators I ACCELERATOR PHYSICS MT E. J. N. Wilson
Lecture 1 - Overview of Accelerators I ACCELERATOR PHYSICS MT 2011 E. J. N. Wilson Lecture 1 - E. Wilson 13-Oct 2011 - Slide 1 Links Author s e-mail: ted.wilson@cern.ch Engines of Discovery : http://www.worldscibooks.com/physics/6272.html
Accelerator Physics. G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 2
Accelerator Physics G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 2 Four-vectors Four-vector transformation under z boost Lorentz Transformation v ' v v v v 0 0 3 ' 1 1 ' v v 2 2 v ' v v 3
Longitudinal dynamics Yannis PAPAPHILIPPOU CERN
Longitudinal dynamics Yannis PAPAPHILIPPOU CERN United States Particle Accelerator School, University of California - Santa-Cruz, Santa Rosa, CA 14 th 18 th January 2008 1 Outline Methods of acceleration
Colliders and the Machine Detector Interface
Colliders and the Machine Detector Interface M. Sullivan SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory for the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study High Energy
Chapter 4. Accelerators and collider experiments. 4.1 Particle accelerators: motivations
Chapter 4 Accelerators and collider experiments This chapter gives an introduction to particle accelerators and detectors as well as to data analysis tools relevant in this context. This involves the definition
Particle accelerators
Particle accelerators Charged particles can be accelerated by an electric field. Colliders produce head-on collisions which are much more energetic than hitting a fixed target. The center of mass energy
Physics of Accelerators-I. D. P. Mahapatra Utkal University, Bhubaneswar
Physics of Accelerators-I D. P. Mahapatra Utkal University, Bhubaneswar Introduction Brief history of developments in NP, Requirement of accelerators, Lorntz force and acceleration principles, Acceleration
Appendix A2. Particle Accelerators and Detectors The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Geneva, Switzerland on the Border of France.
Appendix A. Particle Accelerators and Detectors The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Geneva, Switzerland on the Border of France. Prepared by: Arash Akbari-Sharbaf Why Build Accelerators? Probe deeper From
Accelerator Physics, BAU, First Semester, (Saed Dababneh).
Accelerator Physics 501503746 Course web http://nuclear.bau.edu.jo/accelerators/ edu or http://nuclear.dababneh.com/accelerators/ com/accelerators/ 1 Grading Mid-term Exam 25% Projects 25% Final Exam 50%
PARTICLE ACCELERATORS
Introduction to Elementary Particle Physics. Note 09 Page 1 of 14 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS Prehistory: α-particles cosmic rays Early ideas: Cockcroft-Walton Van de Graaff Linear accelerator Cyclotrons Synchrotrons:
Tools of Particle Physics I Accelerators
Tools of Particle Physics I Accelerators W.S. Graves July, 2011 MIT W.S. Graves July, 2011 1.Introduction to Accelerator Physics 2.Three Big Machines Large Hadron Collider (LHC) International Linear Collider
Koji TAKATA KEK. Accelerator Course, Sokendai. Second Term, JFY2011. Oct.
.... Fundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators I : Dawn of Particle Accelerator Technology Koji TAKATA KEK koji.takata@kek.jp http://research.kek.jp/people/takata/home.html Accelerator Course, Sokendai
Accelerators. There are some accelerators around the world Nearly all are for industrial (20 000) or clinical use (10 000)
Accelerators There are some 30 000 accelerators around the world Nearly all are for industrial (20 000) or clinical use (10 000) Scientific research community (~ 100) Synchrotron light sources Ion beam
Introduction to Accelerator Physics Part 1
Introduction to Accelerator Physics Part 1 Pedro Castro / Accelerator Physics Group (MPY) Introduction to Accelerator Physics DESY, 28th July 2014 Pedro Castro / MPY Accelerator Physics 28 th July 2014
Overview. Basic Accelerator Principles : units and equations. acceleration concepts. storage rings. trajectory stability.
Overview Basic Accelerator Principles : units and equations acceleration concepts storage rings trajectory stability collider concept vacuum requirements synchrotron radiation design parameters for the
Standard Model of Particle Physics SS 2012
Lecture: Standard Model of Particle Physics Heidelberg SS 2012 W- and Z-Bosons 1 2 Contents Discovery of real W- and Z-bosons Intermezzo: QCD at Hadron Colliders LEP + Detectors W- and Z- Physics at LEP
Beam Dynamics. D. Brandt, CERN. CAS Bruges June 2009 Beam Dynamics D. Brandt 1
Beam Dynamics D. Brandt, CERN D. Brandt 1 Some generalities D. Brandt 2 Units: the electronvolt (ev) The electronvolt (ev)) is the energy gained by an electron travelling, in vacuum, between two points
Particle Accelerators
Experimental Methods of Particle Physics Particle Accelerators Andreas Streun, PSI andreas.streun@psi.ch https://ados.web.psi.ch/empp-streun Andreas Streun, PSI 1 Particle Accelerators 1. Introduction
Introduction to Accelerator Physics Part 1
Introduction to Accelerator Physics Part 1 Pedro Castro / Accelerator Physics Group (MPY) Introduction to Accelerator Physics DESY, 27th July 2015 Pedro Castro / MPY Introduction to Accelerator Physics
Detectors in Nuclear and Particle Physics
Detectors in Nuclear and Particle Physics Prof. Dr. Johanna Stachel Department of Physics und Astronomy University of Heidelberg April 15, 2015 J. Stachel (Physics University Heidelberg) Detectorphysics
History, Hadron Accelerators, Detectors, & Cross Sections
1 History, Hadron Accelerators, Detectors, & Cross Sections Northern Illinois University History: A Steady Progression to Simplicity and Unification Antiquity: Democritus names the atom Earth, Air, Fire
Theory English (Official)
Q3-1 Large Hadron Collider (10 points) Please read the general instructions in the separate envelope before you start this problem. In this task, the physics of the particle accelerator LHC (Large Hadron
Particle Accelerators for High Energy Physics Accelerators and HEP
Particle Accelerators for High Energy Physics Accelerators and HEP What s Up Now? What s Up Next? July 12, 2002 David Finley / Fermilab / QuarkNet Teachers Slide 1 But First... A little about me finley@fnal.gov
Accelerator Basics. Abhishek Rai IUAC
Accelerator Basics Abhishek Rai IUAC School on Accelerator Science and Technology May 7-18, 2018 Some basics Charge on an electron(e) = 1.6 10-19 Coulomb (1 unit of charge) 1 Atomic mass unit (amu) = 1.66
MAGNET SYSTEMS FOR LARGE PARTICLE ACCELERATORS
MAGNET SYSTEMS FOR LARGE PARTICLE ACCELERATORS Arnaud Devred CEA/Saclay Snowmass Lectures on Magnets, Revisited July 2001 1 Contents Tools of Particle Physics Accelerator Types Accelerator Components Synchrotron-Type
Thanks to all Contributors
Thanks to all Contributors High Gradient versus High Field Dr. José Miguel Jiménez CERN Technology Department Head CERN-Spain Liaison Officer 2 Main topics A worldwide success? Full exploitation of the
Introduction and Overview of Accelerators
Introduction and Overview of Accelerators Fanglei Lin Center for Advanced Studies of Accelerators, Jefferson Lab 29th Annual Hampton University Graduate Studies Program HUGS 2014, Jefferson Lab, June 2-20,
An Introduction to Particle Accelerators. v short
An Introduction to Particle Accelerators v1.42 - short LHC FIRST BEAM 10-sep-2008 Introduction Part 1 Particle accelerators for HEP LHC: the world biggest accelerator, both in energy and size (as big as
D. Brandt, CERN. CAS Frascati 2008 Accelerators for Newcomers D. Brandt 1
Accelerators for Newcomers D. Brandt, CERN D. Brandt 1 Why this Introduction? During this school, you will learn about beam dynamics in a rigorous way but some of you are completely new to the field of
Accelerator. Physics of PEP-I1. Lecture #7. March 13,1998. Dr. John Seeman
Accelerator Physics of PEP-1 Lecture #7 March 13,1998 Dr. John Seeman Accelerator Physics of PEPJ John Seeman March 13,1998 1) What is PEP-? Lecture 1 2) 3) Beam parameters for an luminosity of 3~1~~/cm~/sec
Physics at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. Darien Wood Northeastern University
Physics at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider Darien Wood Northeastern University 1 Outline Introduction: collider experiments The Tevatron complex (review) Examples of physics studies at the Tevatron jet
Fundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators V : Future of the High Energy Accelerators. Koji TAKATA KEK. Accelerator Course, Sokendai
.... Fundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators V : Future of the High Energy Accelerators Koji TAKATA KEK koji.takata@kek.jp http://research.kek.jp/people/takata/home.html Accelerator Course, Sokendai
Discovery of c, b and t quarks and quarkonia Marco Schramm
Discovery of c, b and t quarks and quarkonia Marco Schramm 7. November 2013 Marco Schramm 1 Outline Introduction November Revolution / Discovery of the Charm Quark Quarkonium Discovery of the Bottom Quark
Introduction to Collider Physics
Introduction to Collider Physics William Barletta United States Particle Accelerator School Dept. of Physics, MIT The Very Big Picture Accelerators Figure of Merit 1: Accelerator energy ==> energy frontier
RDCH 702 Lecture 8: Accelerators and Isotope Production
RDCH 702 Lecture 8: Accelerators and Isotope Production Particle generation Accelerator Direct Voltage Linear Cyclotrons Synchrotrons Photons * XAFS * Photonuclear Heavy Ions Neutrons sources Fission products
The achievements of the CERN proton antiproton collider
The achievements of the CERN proton antiproton collider Luigi DiLella Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy Motivation of the project The proton antiproton collider UA1 and UA2 detectors Discovery of the
X = Z H + N n TBE. X = d 1 Z 2 + d 2 Z d 3 + d + d 4, where d i = f (Ci, A) 75 Se 75 Br. 75 Zn. 75 Ga. 75 Kr. 75 Ge 75 As
1 Lecture 4 : Beta stability, the LD Mass Formula, and Accelerators Simplest form of LD Mass Formula TBE = C 1 A C 2 A 2/3 C 3 Z 2 /A 1/3 C 4 (N-Z) 2 /A 2 + C 6 /A 1/2 = C 1 C 2 A 1/3 C 3 Z 2 /A 4/3
Fundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators V: Future of the High Energy Accelerators VI: References. Koji TAKATA KEK. Accelerator Course, Sokendai
.... Fundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators V: Future of the High Energy Accelerators VI: References Koji TAKATA KEK koji.takata@kek.jp http://research.kek.jp/people/takata/home.html Accelerator
PBL SCENARIO ON ACCELERATORS: SUMMARY
PBL SCENARIO ON ACCELERATORS: SUMMARY Elias Métral Elias.Metral@cern.ch Tel.: 72560 or 164809 CERN accelerators and CERN Control Centre Machine luminosity Transverse beam dynamics + space charge Longitudinal
Transverse dynamics Selected topics. Erik Adli, University of Oslo, August 2016, v2.21
Transverse dynamics Selected topics Erik Adli, University of Oslo, August 2016, Erik.Adli@fys.uio.no, v2.21 Dispersion So far, we have studied particles with reference momentum p = p 0. A dipole field
The discovery of W ± and Z 0 vector-bosons
The discovery of W ± and Z 0 vector-bosons Giulia De Zordo April 15, 2014 Abstract This article is about the discovery of the W ± and Z 0 vector-bosons, the carriers of weak interaction. The discovery
!"#$%$!&'()$"('*+,-')'+-$#..+/+,0)&,$%.1&&/$ LONGITUDINAL BEAM DYNAMICS
LONGITUDINAL BEAM DYNAMICS Elias Métral (CERN BE Department) The present transparencies are inherited from Frank Tecker (CERN-BE), who gave this course in 2010 (I already gave this course in 2011-12-13)
Accelerator Physics WS 2012/13
Lecture: Accelerator Physics Heidelberg WS 2012/13 Prof. A. Schöning Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg Introduction 1 Goal of this Lecture Introduction to Accelerator Physics: experimental
Fundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators I : Dawn of Particle Accelerator Technology. Koji TAKATA KEK. Accelerator Course, Sokendai
.... Fundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators I : Dawn of Particle Accelerator Technology Koji TAKATA KEK koji.takata@kek.jp http://research.kek.jp/people/takata/home.html Accelerator Course, Sokendai
Physics for Scientists & Engineers 2
Review Physics for Scientists & Engineers 2 Spring Semester 2005 Lecture 21 The force that a magnetic field exerts on a charge moving with velocity v is given by! F B = q v!! B! The magnitude of the force
Accelerators. Lecture V. Oliver Brüning. school/lecture5
Accelerators Lecture V Oliver Brüning AB/ABP http://bruening.home.cern.ch/bruening/summer school/lecture5 V) LEP, LHC + more LEP LHC Other HEP Projects Future Projects What else? LEP Precision Experiment:
Contents. LC : Linear Collider. µ-µ Collider. Laser-Plasma Wave Accelerator. Livingston Chart 6 References
.... Fundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators V : Future of the High Energy Accelerators VI : References Koji TAKATA KEK koji.takata@kek.jp http://research.kek.jp/people/takata/home.html Accelerator
Particle Detectors for Hadron Physics Experiments. WS 2011/12 Fr. 12:15 13:45 Jim Ritman, Tobias Stockmanns
Particle Detectors for Hadron Physics Experiments WS 2011/12 Fr. 12:15 13:45 Jim Ritman, Tobias Stockmanns James Ritman Raum NB 2-125 Tel. 23556 J.Ritman@ep1.rub.de Contacts Tobias Stockmanns Tel. 02461-61-2591
Problems of Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 1 Problems of Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Problem 1 1: Luminosity of Gaussian bunches a) If the bunches can be described by Gaussian ellipsoids with ( ( )) x 2 ρ exp 2σx 2 + y2 2σy 2 + z2 2σz 2,
What did you learn in the last lecture?
What did you learn in the last lecture? What did you learn in the last lecture? Beta stability, the LD Mass Formula, and Accelerators Simplest form of LD Mass Formula TBE = C 1 A C A /3 C 3 Z /A 1/3 C
Lecture 26: WED 18 MAR
Physics 2113 Aurora Borealis Jonathan Dowling Lecture 26: WED 18 MAR Magnetic fields I ll be back. The Hall Effect Charge Flow in Conductors is From Electrons: Benjamin Franklin s Biggest Blunder! 28.5:
A short history of accelerators CHESS & LEPP. 4πε. 1919: Rutherford produces first nuclear reactions with natural 4 He 14
17 A short history of accelerators 1911: Rutherford discovers the nucleus with 7.7MeV 4 He from 14 Po alpha decay measuring the elastic crossection of 197 Au + 4 He! 197 Au + 4 He. 14 Po 4 He 197 Au E
Lecture 1 The development of accelerator concepts
Lecture 1 The development of accelerator concepts William A. Barletta Director, Dept. of Physics, MIT & UCLA Economics Faculty, University of Ljubljana Motivations: Why does anyone care about accelerators?
CERN Summer school 2008 Introduction to accelerators
CERN Summer school 2008 Introduction to accelerators by Elias Metral (Elias.Metral@cern.ch, Tel: 72560) Simone Gilardoni (Simone.Gilardoni@cern.ch, Tel: 71823) CERN AB-ABP Lecture Summary Lectures aim:
Modern Accelerators for High Energy Physics
Modern Accelerators for High Energy Physics 1. Types of collider beams 2. The Tevatron 3. HERA electron proton collider 4. The physics from colliders 5. Large Hadron Collider 6. Electron Colliders A.V.