A Nonisolated Transformerless High Voltage Gain Buck Boost dc-dc Converter

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1 OAE JOUNA OF EEA ENGNEENG, O 5, NO AUUN 5 9 A Nnlaed ranfrmerle Hgh lage Gan Buck B dcdc nverer hammad eza Banae, Hen Ajdar Faegh bnab * Abrac A nvel ranfrmer le hgh epup buck b dcdc cnverer prped n h paper. he upu vlage f me urce uch a fuel cell, phvlac are n regulaed. herefre vlage regulan requred fx he lnk vlage. Hence, a buck b / cnverer uable regulae he upu vlage f hee urce. he preened cnverer vlage gan hgher ha f he cnvennal b, buck b, UK, EP ZEA cnverer hgh vlage gan baned wh a uable duy cycle. n h cnverer, nly ne pwer wch ulzed. he vlage re acr he pwer wch dde lw. Hence, he lw nae reance f he pwer wch eleced decreae cnducn l f he wch mprve effcency. he lw vlage re acr he dde allw he preven he revererecvery curren prblem. he prped cnverer peraed n he cnnuu cnducn mde () he dcnnuu cnducn mde (). he preened cnverer ha mple rucure; herefre he cnrl f he prped cnverer wll be eay. he prncple f peran he mahemacal analye f he prped cnverer are explaned. he valdy f he preened cnverer verfed by he expermenal reul. ndex erm Buck b dcdc cnverer; vlage gan; duy cycle, vlage re... NOUON n recen year, envrnmenal ruble, uch a clmae r change glbal warmng by ncreaed emn f carbn dxde, are very mpran. Wh ncreang aenn envrnmenal prblem, energy acheved frm he fuel cell yem fcued n he lw envrnmenal effec clean energy. Fuel cell are an effecve alernave replace fuel n emergency pwer yem vehcle. Fuel cell ued a clean energy by uer wh lw emn f carbn dxde. ue eady peran wh renewable fuel upply hgh effecvene effcency, he fuel cell ha been recgnzed ncreangly a a uable alernave urce. here are me prblem f h fuel uch a hgh c, bu hey have brllan feaure uch a hgh effcency mall ze. ue h explanan, he fuel cell apprprae a pwer upple fr elecm backup facle hybrd elecrc vehcle. he upu vlage f he fuel cell un cell lw n eady cann be drecly cnneced he anucrp receved Aprl 8, 6; acceped Ocber, 6 Elecrcal Engneerng eparmen, Azarbajan hahd adan Unvery, abrz, ran, Emal: m.banae@azarunv.edu Elecrcal Engneerng eparmen, Azarbajan hahd adan Unvery, abrz, ran, Emal: h.ajdarfaegh@azarunv.edu lad. Fr applcan ha need a eady vlage, buckb dcdc cnverer requred [5]. Hwever, he radnal buckb cnverer n uable fr fuel cell urce. he radnal buckb cnverer effcency expeced hgh; hwever, lw Nmenclaure r F wch nae reance de frward reance F de hrehld vlage, an, E, cap E f nducr Alhugh he flyback cnverer can ban he hgh epup vlage gan, he pwer wche uffer a vlage pke acr he wche he cnverer effcency n hgh becaue f he revererecvery prblem leakage nducr [9]. n [] hgh vlage gan dcdc cnverer wh a cuplednducr prped. he leakage nducance f he cupled nducr mpran ha caue hgh vlage pke add he vlage re. n [4] he wched capacr mehd ued ban hgh ep up vlage gan. n [5] a hgh epup bdrecnal dcdc cnverer wh lw vlage re n he E f capacr, lage rpple f he capacr lage rpple n capacr creaed frm he curren ha flw hrugh he equvalen ere reance lage rpple f capacr creaed frm he chargng dchargng pan facr f capacr lage rpple f he capacr lage rpple n capacr creaed frm he curren ha flw hrugh he equvalen ere reance lage rpple f he capacr creaed frm he chargng dchargng pan facr f capacr an, E, cap an F F r r r, E, cap lage rpple f he capacr lage rpple n capacr creaed frm he curren ha flw hrugh he equvalen ere reance lage rpple f he capacr creaed frm he chargng dchargng pan facr f capacr

2 OAE JOUNA OF EEA ENGNEENG, O 5, NO AUUN 5 wch prped. n [67] ranfrmer le hgh epup dcdc cnverer are prped. n [89] a ranfrmer le buckb dcdc cnverer prped. he vlage gan fr h cnverer wce a large a he cnvennal buck b cnverer. n [] a ranfrmer le nerleaved hgh epdwn cnverer prped, bu, n he preened cnverer, w pwer wche have been ulzed he capacr f he cnverer are uddenly charged. n [] a buck b cnverer baed n KY cnverer prped. n h cnverer, w man wche are ued he vlage gan f he preened cnverer. n [] a mulupu buck b / cnverer prped. h cnverer ha everal upu vlage, bu, n he preened cnverer, many pwer wche have been ued. n [] a wage nverrng buckb cnverer prped. he preened cnverer cnruced f w parallel cnvennal buckb cnverer. n [4] a wage buckb cnverer fr pwer facr crrecn preened h cnverer de n requre addnal pwer wch. n [5] a mulnpu cnverer prped cnnec w pwer urce wh a bu r lad. he preened cnverer ha hgh effcency due banng urnn zer vlage wchng (Z) f pwer wche. Hwever, requre a bdrecnal pr. n [6] a mulpr bdrecnal cnverer prped fr mcr grd. An negraed hree phae ranfrmer ulzed enhance he vlage level lae lw vlage de hgh vlage de; herefre, he number f pwer wche hgh hence, w npu urce requre hare a cmmn grund. n [7] a nnnverng buck b cnverer fr fuelcell yem ung hree pwer wche prped wh a vlage gan equal he prped cnverer n h paper. n [8] he hgh epup cnverer, baed n cupled nducr exend vlage gan by adjung he urn ra f cupled nducr, are preened. Hwever, he ue f cupled nducr wuld lead me prblem n leakage nducance pulang npu curren. n [9] he ranfrmer le cnverer are preened. Alhugh he cnverer d n ue cupled nducr, here are many cmpnen, whch reul n cmplexy. n [] an nerleaved hgh epup cnverer preened. he preened cnverer cmbne an nerleaved b cnverer, a vlage mulpler a cacade hreelevel b cnverer. n h cnverer, he nerleaved b cnverer ued reduce he npu curren rpple, he vlage mulpler he hreelevel b cnverer are ued n nly upgrade he vlage gan bu al make he vlage ree f emcnducr lwer han he upu vlage. n [] he nerleaved cnverer wh cupled nducr are preened. Hwever, addnal acve clamp pave clamp crcu are adped reduce he pke vlage acr he acve wche, h wuld reul n cmplcaed rucure. n [] a ranfrmerle hgh vlage gan dcdc cnverer, prped. he preened cnverer cned f w nducr w acve wche whch hare he ame peran gnal he plgy f he cnverer very mple. n h paper, a nvel ngle wch ranfrmerle buck b dcdc cnverer wh hgh epup vlage gan lw vlage re n he pwer wch prped. he vlage ranfer gan f he prped cnverer hgher han he clac buckb cnverer, EP, UK ZEA cnverer. he rucure f he prped cnverer mple, hence he cnrl f he cnverer wll be eay. n h plgy, nly ne pwer wch ued whch make he cnrl cheme mple a well a reducng he wchng pwer le. rever, peranal regn bradened n he prped cnverer n cmparn wh he cnverer he vlage re acr he acve pwer wch reduced whch enable he ue f OFE wh a lwer vlage rang lw ON. hu, he cnvern effcency mprved due he reduced cnducn wchng le. mlarly, he reduced vlage re acr all he dde n he crcu allw he ue f chky recfer fr allevang he revererecvery curren prblem, leadng a furher reducn n he wchng le. he prped buckb cnverer ulzed n many applcan lke fuelcell yem, car elecrnc devce, E drver gadge uch a mble phne nebk. n h paper, he mahemacal analye f he prped cnverer are explaned. Bede, verfy he feably f he cnverer, expermenal reul are prvded.. OPEANG PNPE OF HE POPOE ONEE he prped cnverer hwn n Fg. (a). h cnverer cn ne pwer wch, w dde, w nducr, hree capacr, lad. n h paper, duy cycle dened by, he wchng me frequency are dened by F, repecvely, he npu vlage gnfed by, he upu vlage repreened by, he vlage acr he capacr, are ndcaed by,,, repecvely, he vlage acr he nducr are gnfed by, repecvely he upu curren dened by. Fr mplcy f he analy f he perang prncple, he fllwng aumpn are cndered: ) he capacr f he preened cnverer are large enugh, hence he vlage acr capacr are aumed be cnan. ) he man wch f he prped cnverer reaed a deal he parac capacr f he man wch negleced. he preened cnverer peraed n bh he cnnuu cnducn mde () he dcnnuu cnducn mde (). he cnnuu cnducn mde dvded n w peran mde. he analy f he preened cnverer n ne wchng perd under cnnuu cndn mde () explaned n deal afllw:) Fr mde : urng h me nerval a hwn n Fg. (b), he wch urned n he dde are urned ff. he nducr are magnezed lnearly energy rage n capacr dcharged capacr he capacr dcharged. hu, he relevan equan are fund be: () ()

3 BANAE e al: A NONOAE ANFOEE HGH OAGE GAN BUK BOO ecnd mde : he equvalen crcu hwn n Fg. (c). urng h me nerval, he wch urned ff he dde are urned n. he nducr are demagnezed lnearly. he capacr charged by he nducr. he capacr charged by he nducr he capacr acaed equan are fund be: (a) (b) (c) dcharged. he Fg.. (a) Equvalen crcu f he prped cnverer (b) mde ; (c) mde. he vlage gan curve fr he prped cnverer, cnvennal b, buck b UK cnverer. een ha he prped cnverer buck b he vlage ranfer gan f he cnverer hgher han ha f he her cnverer. A. lage gan By applyng vlec balance prncple n he nducr ung () (), we have: () (4) By mplfy (5), he vlage acr capacr be acheved a fllw: By applyng vlec balance prncple n he nducr ung () (4), we have: ( ) d d (7) d ( ) d By mplfy (7), he vlage acr capacr baned a fllw: Ung (6) (8), he vlage ranfer gan be acheved a fllw: (5) can (6) (8) can Accrdng (9), he vlage gan f he prped cnverer hgher han ha f he cnvennal b, buck b, UK, EP ZEA cnverer wce a large a he vlage gan f he cnvennal buck b cnverer. Fg.. hw me ypcal key wavefrm f he prped cnverer n cnnuu cnducn mde (). he vlage gan curve fr he prped cnverer cnvennal b buck b cnverer are hwn n Fg.. een ha he vlage gan f he prped cnverer hgher han he her cnverer. lage gan 5 5 Fg.. urve f vlage gan cmparn f prped cnverer her cnverer a peran. nvennal b Buck b cuk cnverer Prped cnverer (9)

4 OAE JOUNA OF EEA ENGNEENG, O 5, NO AUUN 5 g, n, n, n (5),,, () Accrdng Fg. (c), he curren ha flw hrugh he nducr earned a fllw: ( ) ff (6) he average f npu curren acheved a fllw: (, n ) d (7) B. alculan f he curren he curren ha flw hrugh he capacr durng wch n perd acheved a fllw:, n he curren ha flw hrugh he capacr wch n perd earned a fllw: () durng () he curren ha flw hrugh he capacr durng wch ff perd acheved a fllw:, ff () Where,, ff he curren ha flw hrugh he capacr durng wch ff perd. By applyng currenec balance prncple n capacr, he fllwng equan earned a fllw: () By ubung (), () () n (), he curren ha flw hrugh he capacr he nducr baned a fllw: (4) Frm Fg. (b), he curren ha flw hrugh he capacr durng wch n cycle, n acheved a fllw:, n, n, n, ff, ff d d, n, ff, n Fg. Key wavefrm f he prped cnverer a peran Accrdng Fg. (b), he curren ha flw hrugh he wch baned a fllw: he curren ha flw hrugh he dde (8) acheved a fllw:. cnnuu cnducn mde (9) () he peran mde n dcnnuu cnducn mde () dvded n hree mde. he fr mde n () he ame a he fr mde n (). n he ecnd mde, he dde curren are decreang n he hrd mde he dde curren wll be zer he dde, n, ff, ff wch wll urn ff. he equvalen crcu he ypcal wavefrm n hrd mde are hwn n Fg n h mde, he nducr curren wll be cnan; herefre, he vlage f he nducr wll be zer Accrdng (9) (), he um f he dde curren baned a fllw: () Ung (9) (), he average curren f dde,, acheved a fllw: av, av, av av () Accrdng Fg. 5, he um f he average curren f dde durng wchng ff perd baned a fllw:

5 BANAE e al: A NONOAE ANFOEE HGH OAGE GAN BUK BOO (), av, av m PK Where, duy cycle n fr mde a dcnnuu cnducn mde () curren f dde um f he peak. (4) (5) e mde By applyng vlec balance prncple n nducr m, duy cycle n fr mde a dcnnuu cnducn acheved a fllw: (6) Ung ()(6), he vlage ranfer gan n Where, he parameer e earned a fllw: (7) defned a fllw: (8) m pk pk pk e Where, m PK Fg. 4. Equvalen crcu f he preened cnverer n hrd mde a peran pk pk g m ( m ) PK = e Fg. 5. me lluraed wavefrm f he prped cnverer. Bundary cndn mde n h mde, he vlage ranfer gan f he equal he vlage ranfer gan f he. Ung (9) (7), he bundary nrmalzed nducr me cnan b acheved a fllw: ( ) b (9) 4 he relanhp beween he bundary nrmalzed nducr me cnan hwn n Fg. 6. f wh dfferen duy cycle larger han b, he prped cnverer perae n cnnuu cndn mde (). he bundary nrmalzed nducr me cnan Fg. 6. urve f vlage gan cmparn f prped cnverer her cnverer a peran E. Effcency analy Fr effcency analy f he prped cnverer, parac reance, he vlage rpple acr he capacr he nducr gnred. he rm curren f pwer wch acheved a fllw: b , rm, rm (, n ) ( ) d ()

6 OAE JOUNA OF EEA ENGNEENG, O 5, NO AUUN 5 4 he pwer l f wch fllw:,rm 4 P r ( ) r, rm calculaed a () he rm curren f dde baned a fllw: P r, rm, rm ( ) d (),rm he rm curren f capacr a fllw:, rm ( ) d d he pwer l f capacr expreed a fllw:, rm baned P (4) Frward reance l f dde baned a fllw: ( P ) F F, rm F ( ) P F () 4 P r r, rm he rm curren f nducr a fllw:, rm (4) baned Frward vlage l f dde earned a fllw: ( P ) F F,av F Frward reance l f dde acheved a fllw: ( P ) F F, rm F Frward vlage l f dde baned a fllw: ( ) P F ( ) P F ( ) P F (4) (5), rm (4) he rm curren f nducr expreed a fllw:, rm he cnducn l f nducr a fllw: P ( ) r he cnducn l f nducr expreed a fllw: P r, rm (4) baned P r (44) ( P ) F F,av F (6) P r, rm (45) he rm curren f capacr,, rm baned a fllw:, rm rm, rm, rm ( ) d d (7) he pwer l f capacr P due E, can be acheved a fllw: P (8) r, rm r he pwer l f capacr P due E, can be calculaed a fllw: P r r (9) Fnally, he al pwer l effcency f he prped cnverer P l baned a fllw: P P ( P ) ( P ) l r F u F u u u P P P u l P P P u r r P P l (46) (47) he vlage re f he dde acheved a fllw: (48) he vlage re f he pwer wch baned a fllw:

7 BANAE e al: A NONOAE ANFOEE HGH OAGE GAN BUK BOO 5 (49) he relanhp beween he nrmalzed vlage re acr pwer wch f he prped cnverer her cnverer depced n Fg. 7. Accrdng Fg. 7, he nrmalzed vlage re f he wch n he prped cnverer leer han ha n her cnverer. he nrmaled vlage re n he wch(/) nvennal b Buck b cuk cnverer Prped cnverer lage gan Fg. 7. Nrmalzed wch vlage re f he prped cnverer veru vlage gan Al,, E E, E E E (, ff, n ) ( ) Where, E an expreed a fllw: (55) (56) f, cap acheved a fllw, ff ( ), cap (57) () E. alculan f he vlage rpple f he capacr Frm Fg. 8,, E, cap acheved a fll (5), cap, E Al, E, E E E (, n, ff ) ( ) calculaed a fllw: (5) an Where, E (5) f, cap, E acheved a fllw:, n, cap (5) Fg. 9. he curren vlage f he capacr Frm Fg.,, E, c a p, E baned a fllw: (58) Al,, E expreed a fllw: E, E E E(, ff, n ) ( ) Where, (59) () E an (6) f, cap acheved a fllw:, cap, E, E, ff ( ), cap (6) Fg. 8. he curren vlage f he capacr. () Frm Fg. 9, baned a fllw: (54), E, cap, cap, E, E Fg.. he curren vlage f he capacr.

8 OAE JOUNA OF EEA ENGNEENG, O 5, NO AUUN 5 6 he cmpnen nrmalzed vlage rm curren ree fr he preened cnverer n are hwn n able ABE HE OPONEN NOAZE OAGE AN UEN EE. rcu parameer Nrmalzed vlage Nrmalzed rm curren E. apacr nducr degn cnfrm ha he nducr alway wrk n, he needed nducance value acheved a fllw: (6) wch apacr apacr de nducr nducr he mnmum f nducr ccm peran mde acheved a fllw: ( ) 4 f ( ) 4 (.48) 4( ) f 4.6 (.48) 5, 9H, wrk n (6) (64) ( ) (65) 4 f n rder hw he al devce number vlage gan f he prped cnverer, cnvennal buckb cnverer n ref 89, a cmparn made beween he prped plgy her cnverer. he devce number vlage gan f he rucure are gven n able. A hwn n able, he prped rucure ue lwer number f elemen. he al devce f he her cnverer hgher cmparng her gan vlage ree. Baed n he lw vlage re f he prped cnverer, he effcency f he prped cnverer hgher cmparng gan. ABE OPAON BEWEEN POPOE ONEE AN OHE UUE Prped cnverer nverer n 8 nverer n 9 Quane f wche Quane f dde Quane f capacr 4 Quane f nducr al devce cun 8 9 lage re f he wch lage gan ( ) 4 (.48) 4 f H (66) he mnmum f he capacr, baned a fllw:,. f F.45, ff. f,, F.45. EXPEENA EU (67) (68) verfy he peran f he prped cnverer, he expermenal reul are prvded. he pecfcan are a fllw: ) npu vlage : ) wchng frequency: 5 khz ) wch: FP46A 4) wch nae reance:. hm

9 BANAE e al: A NONOAE ANFOEE HGH OAGE GAN BUK BOO 7 5) dde : U86 6) dde frward reance:. hm 7) dde hrehld vlage:.7 8) nducr : 8 μh 9) nducr : 45 μh ) he equvalen ere reance (E) f nducr :. hm ) he equvalen ere reance (E) f nducr :. hm ) capacr : μf ) capacr : 47 μf 4) he equvalen ere reance (E)f capacr :. hm 5) he equvalen ere reance (E)f capacr b 4ac :. hm he prped cnverer peraed n peran mde. he upu vlage wavefrm hwn n Fg. (a). he upu vlage equal 4 he upu pwer W. he nducr curren wavefrm are hwn n Fg. (b), (c) repecvely. Accrdng (4) (6), he average value f nducr curren are equal A, repecvely, whch clely agree wh he expermenal reul. he vlage f dde wavefrm hwn n Fg. (d). Accrdng (48), he vlage acr dde equal 44, whch equal expermenal reul. he vlage f wch wavefrm hwn n Fg (e). Accrdng (49), he vlage acr wch equal 44, ha verfed by he baned value frm expermenal reul. he curren ha flw hrugh he dde hwn n Fg. (f). Accrdng (9) (), he average value f dde curren equal 6.5 A, whch clely agree wh expermenal reul he wch curren wavefrm hwn n Fg. (g). Accrdng (8), he average value f wch curren equal A, whch clely agree wh he expermenal reul. Frm Fg., he meaured effcency f he prped cnverer 9.6% a he fulllad cndn he maxmum effcency 95.%. () (a) Oupu vlage (A) (b) nducr curren (A) (c) nducr curren, () (d) de vlage

10 OAE JOUNA OF EEA ENGNEENG, O 5, NO AUUN 5 8 N(), (A) (e) wch vlage. ONUON n h paper, a nvel ranfrmer le buck b dcdc cnverer preened. he upu vlage f me urce uch a fuel cell, phvlac baery baed yem are n regulaed. herefre vlage regulan requred fx he lnk vlage. Hence, a buck b / cnverer uable regulae he upu vlage f hee urce he rucure f he preened buckb cnverer mple. n he prped cnverer, nly ne man wch ulzed, whch decreae he cnducn l f pwer wch mprve effcency. he vlage re acr he pwer wch lw wch wh lw nae reance eleced. he epup vlage gan f he prped buckb cnverer hgher han ha f he clac b, buckb,uk, EP ZEA cnverer. he prped cnverer ha mple rucure; herefre, he cnrl f he preened cnverer wll be eay. he buckb cnverer ulzed n many applcan lke gadge uch a mble phne nebk, fuelcell yem, car elecrnc devce E drver. Fnally, he expermenal reul are prvded verfy he feably f he prped cnverer. (A) (f) de curren (g) wch curren Fg.. Expermenal reul Effcency(%) P(W) Fg.. eaured effcency f he prped cnverer EFEENE [] K. Jn, X. uan,. Yang,. Xu, A hybrd fuel cell pwer yem, EEE ran. nd. Elecrn., vl. 56, pp., 9. [] W.. u, J. F. hen,. J. ang,.. n,. H. u, Analy, degn, cnrl f bdrecnal cacded cnfguran fr a fuel cell hybrd pwer yem, EEE ran. Pwer Elecrn., vl. 5, pp ,. [].K. hangchen,.j. ang, J.F. hen,.. Yang, Nvel hgh epup cnverer fr fuel cell energy cnvern yem, EEE ran. nd. Elecrn., vl. 57, pp. 77,. [4] W. Jang B. Fahm, Acve curren harng urce managemen n fuel cellbaery hybrd pwer yem", EEE ran. nd. Elecrn., vl. 57, pp ,. [5] Q. Hab, Z. Ycheng, Y. Ynga W., Analy f buckb cnverer fr fuel cell elecrc vehcle", n Prc. EEE n. nf. eh. Elecrn. afey, pp. 9, 6. [6]. J. Wa,. Y. n,. Y. uan, Y.. hang, Hgheffcency cnverer wh hgh vlage gan reduced wch re, EEE ran. nd. Elecrn., vl. 54, pp , 7. [7]. J. ang, J. H. ee,.. hen, J. F. hen,.. Yang, Nvel laed HghepUp nverer Wh lage f, EEE ran. nd. Elecrn., vl. 6, pp. 4849,. [8] G. pazz, P. aavell, A. abeber, Effec f Parac mpnen n he negraed BFlyback Hgh epup nverer, EON '9. 5h Annual nference f EEE, pp. 4 45, 9. [9] H.. hu, egn analy f a wchedcapacrbaed epup dc/dc cnverer wh cnnuu npu curren, EEE ran. rcu y., Fundam. hery Appl., vl. 46, pp. 7 7, 999. [] Y. P. Heh, J. F. hen,. J. ang,.. Yang, Nvel hgh epup cnverer wh cuplednducr wchedcapacr echnque, EEE ran. nd. Elecrn., vl. 59, pp ,. [] O. Abubul, A. Gherlz, Y. Berkvch A. nvc, epup wchngmde cnverer wh hgh vlage gan ung a wchedcapacr crcu. EEE ran. rcu y., vl. 5, pp. 98,. [] K.. Hwu W.Z. Jang, laed epup cnverer baed n flyback cnverer charge pump, E Pwer Elecrn., vl. 7, pp. 5 57, 4. [].. hen,. J. ang,.. Yang, J. F. hen, A b cnverer wh mulpler cupled nducr fr A mdule applcan, EEE ran. nd. Elecrn., vl. 6, pp. 5 5,. [4].. an,. Nur,. Krapngv,. Brnen, Y.. a,. K. e, A. nvc, wchedcapacr cnverer cnfguran wh lw E emn baned by nerleavng largegnal mdelng, n Prc. EEE n. ymp. rcu y., pp. 884, 9

11 BANAE e al: A NONOAE ANFOEE HGH OAGE GAN BUK BOO 9 [5] Y. P. Heh, J. F. hen,.. Yang,. Y. Wu W.. u, Hgh nverna Bdrecnal nverer Wh upled nducr, EEE ran. nd. Elecrn., vl. 6, pp., 4. [6].. Yang,. J. ang, J. F. hen, ranfrmerle cnverer wh hgh vlage gan, EEE ran. nd. Elecrn., vl. 56, pp. 44 5, 9. [7] Alaffar,.A.; mal, E.H., A hgh vlage ra lw re cnverer wh reduced npu curren rpple fr fuel cell urce, enewable Energy, 5 [8].. Banae, H. Ard A. Farakhr, Analy mplemenan f a new nglewch buck b / cnverer, E Pwer Elecrn., vl. 7, pp , 4. [9] H. K. a,. J. ang,.. Yang J. F. hen, Nnnverng buck b cnverer wh nerleaved echnque fr fuelcell yem, E Pwer Elecrn., vl. 5, pp. 7988,. [].. Pan,. F. huang.. hu, A nvel ranfrmerle nerleaved hgh epdwn cnvern ra cnverer wh lw wch vlage re, EEE ran. nd. Elecrn., vl. 6, pp , 4 [] K.. Hwu. J. Peng, A nvel buck b cnverer cmbnng KY buck cnverer, EEE ran. Pwer Elecrn., vl. 7, pp. 6 4,. [] A. A. Bra, F. Zare, A. Ghh, ulupu buckb cnverer wh enhanced dynamc repne lad npu vlage change, E Pwer Elecrnc, vl. 4, pp. 948,. [].J. ang J.H. ee, dubledeck buckb cnverer wh f wchng peran, EEE ran. Pwer.Elecrn., vl., pp. 44 4, 6. [4]. He, F. Zhang, J. Xu, P. Yang. Yan, "Hgheffcency wwch rae buckb pwer facr crrecn cnverer wh fa dynamc repne lwnducr curren rpple, E Pwer Elecrnc., vl. 6, pp ,. [5] ngjng Wa; hungyu n; BHan hen, HghEffcency nverer Wh w npu Pwer urce, EEE ran. Pwer Elecrn., vl. 7, pp ,. [6] Zhan Wang; Hu, An negraed hreepr Bdrecnal nverer fr P Applcan n a rbun yem, EEE ran. Pwer Elecrn., vl. 8, pp ,. [7] H. a,. ang,. Yang J. hen, Nn nverng buckb cnverer wh nerleaved echnque fr fuelcell yem, E Pwer Elecrn., vl. 5, pp. 7988, [8] K.. Hwu, W. Z. Jang, lage Gan Enhancemen fr a epup nverer nruced by [9] KY BuckB nverer, EEE ran. nd. Elecrn., vl. 6, pp , 4. [] K. Flf, A. A. Hagar P. ehn, A ranfrmerle mdular epup dcdc cnverer fr hgh pwer applcan, E Pwer Elecrnc., vl. 7, pp. 999, 4 []. Hk, H. Kzum, Hghepup dc dc cnverer ung vlage mulpler cell wh rpple free npu curren, EEE EON., pp ,. [] ahyan,., uryawanh, H., nerleaved hgh epup cnverer fr renewable energy urce, EEE EON., pp. 98 9, [] ungheng Yang, rngju ang, JannFuh hen. ranfrmerle nverer Wh Hgh epup lage Gan, EEE ran. nd. Elecrn., vl. 56, pp. 445, 9