8.1 The Language of Motion

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1 8.1 The Language of Motion 1

2 VOCABULARY MAGNITUDE = size, amount or number (1, 15, 4..) DIRECTION = direction (east, west, left, up )

3 MAKE a FOLDABLE 3

4 Direction Makes Difference Jimmy lives 1 km from school. If you walk at 4 km/h, it will take you only about 15 minutes to get there You know: 1. How far you must walk = DISTANCE 2. How long to get there = TIME 3. What is the pace you should walk = SPEED You DON T know: 1. Which way to go from school = DIRECTION 4

5 Direction Makes Difference Jimmy lives 1 km from school. If you walk at 4 km/h, it will take you only about 15 minutes to get there You know: 1. How far you must walk = DISTANCE 2. How long to get there = TIME 3. What is the pace you should walk = SPEED All these quantities have MAGNITUDE, but NO DIRECTION

6 Direction Makes Difference MAGNITUDE = size, amount, or number (1, 15, 4..) DIRECTION = direction (east, west, left, up ) You know: 1. How far you must walk = DISTANCE 2. How long to get there = TIME 3. What is the pace you should walk = SPEED All these quantities have MAGNITUDE, but NO DIRECTION

7 Direction Makes Difference Jimmy lives 1 km from school. If you walk at 4 km/h EAST, it will take you only about 15 minutes to get there You know: 1. How far you must walk = DISTANCE 2. How long to get there = TIME 3. What is the pace you should walk = SPEED 4. Which way to go from school = DIRECTION You DON T know: 7

8 Direction Makes Difference Jimmy lives 1 km from school. If you walk at 4 km/h EAST, it will take you only about 15 minutes to get there How fast and which direction to go = SPEED + DIRECTION You know: 1. How far you must walk = DISTANCE 2. How long to get there = TIME 3. What is the pace you should walk = SPEED 4. Which way to go from school = DIRECTION You DON T know: 8

9 Direction Makes Difference Jimmy lives 1 km from school. If you walk at 4 km/h EAST, it will take you only about 15 minutes to get there Some quantities have MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION You know: 1. How far you must walk = DISTANCE 2. How long to get there = TIME 3. What is the pace you should walk = SPEED 4. Which way to go from school = DIRECTION You DON T know: 9

10 Direction Makes Difference MAGNITUDE = size, amount or number (1, 15, 4..) DIRECTION = direction (east, west, left, up ) Jimmy lives 1 km from school. If you walk at 4 km/h, it will take you only about 15 minutes to get there YES - MAGNITUDE NO - DIRECTION are called SCALAR QUANTITIES or SCALARS Jimmy lives 1 km from school. If you walk at 4 km/h EAST, it will take you only about 15 minutes to get there YES - MAGNITUDE YES - DIRECTION are called VECTOR QUANTITIES or VECTORS

11 YES - MAGNITUDE NO - DIRECTION are called SCALAR QUANTITIES or SCALARS YES - MAGNITUDE YES - DIRECTION are called VECTOR QUANTITIES or VECTORS

12 Direction Makes Difference MAGNITUDE = size or number (1, 15, 4..) DIRECTION = direction (east, west, left, up ) How fast and which direction to go = SPEED + DIRECTION Quantities that have MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION are called VECTOR QUANTITIES or VECTORS

13 Speedometer = scalar Odometer = scalar Scalar or Vector?

14 Representing Scalars and Vectors SCALAR QUANTITIES VECTOR QUANTITIES 14

15 Speedometer = scalar Odometer = scalar Scalar or Vector?

16 What Quantity Does SPEEDOMETER show you?

17 What Quantity Does ODOMETER show you?

18 Describes the length of a path between the two points or locations

19 Let s say you drove to a store which is located 10 km east from your home What is the distance that you travelled? What is your position relative to your home?

20 Let s say you drove to a store which is located 10 km east from your home and then came back What is the distance that you travelled? What is your position relative to your home?

21 SCALAR QUANTITY What is the distance that you travelled? What is your position relative to your home? VECTOR QUANTITY

22 Describes an object s location as seen by an observer from a particular view point = describes a specific point to a reference point

23 Time and Time Interval SCALAR QUANTITY Time is used to describe when an event occurs 23

24 Time and Time Interval SCALAR QUANTITY Time Interval is the difference/change between the initial and the final time A SYMBOL for Change = A SYMBOL for Change in Time =

25 Time and Time Interval SCALAR QUANTITY Time Interval is the difference/change between the initial and the final time A SYMBOL for Change in Time =

26

27 NUMERICAL COMPASS (CARDINAL) DIRECTION

28 Calculating Time Interval What is the skateboarder s time interval to travel from the fire hydrant to the sign?

29 Calculating Time Interval What is the skateboarder s time interval to travel from the fire hydrant to the sign?

30 Calculating Time Interval What is the skateboarder s time interval to travel from the fire hydrant to the sign?

31 Calculating Time Interval What is the skateboarder s position at t = 2s? 2 m [E] of the origin

32 Calculating Time Interval What is the skateboarder s position at final time? 7 m [E] of the origin

33 Displacement and Distance DISPLACEMENT describes the STRAIGHT-LINE DISTANCE and DIRECTION from one point to another In another words, HOW MUCH AN OBJECT S POSITION HAS CHANGED?

34 Displacement and Distance DISPLACEMENT = change in position

35 1. Read the textbook (pg ) 2. Start 8.1 Study Notes

36 Displacement and Distance What is the skateboarder s displacement in the time interval from 2s to 5s?

37 Displacement and Distance

38 Displacement and Distance What is the skateboarder s displacement in the time interval from 2 s to 5 s??

39 What is the girl s distance travelled in 10 s? What is the girl s displacement in 10 s?

40 What is the girl s distance travelled in 10 s? What is the girl s displacement in 10 s?

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46 1. (a) No (b) Displacement involves direction (vector), and distance does not (scalar). 2. The magnitude of the displacement will be the same as the distance when the object travels in a straight line in one direction.

47 Graphing Uniform Motion What is Uniform Motion? When you travel equal displacements in equal time intervals

48 Graphing Uniform Motion What is Uniform Motion? When you travel equal displacements in equal time intervals

49 Graphing Uniform Motion What is Uniform Motion? When you DO NOT speed up or slow down

50 Graphing Uniform Motion You can represent a motion in several ways A motion diagram A position time graph

51 A Position vs. Time Graph 1. Position is on the y axis 2. Time is on the x axis 3. The position-time graph is a straight line 4. Use a best fit line to construct a graph What is a BEST-FIT-LINE?

52 What is a BEST-FIT-LINE? A smooth curve or straight line that most closely fits the general shape outlined by points

53 What is a BEST-FIT-LINE? A smooth curve or straight line that most closely fits the general shape outlined by points When the data points do not necessarily follow the uniform pattern You must plot all the points and then draw a line that passes through as many of the points as possible It lets us estimate values at any given time during the experiment It lets us estimate values beyond the measured time

54 Here are two examples of best-fit graph lines. One is drawn correctly, the other is not. WHICH GRAPH IS DRAWN CORRECTLY??? Best-Fit Line #1 Best-Fit Line #2

55 Using the data table below, construct A POSITION TIME GRAPH for a ball rolling down the hill. Time (min) Position (m [right])

56 Position (m [right]) Time (s)

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61 1. (a) No, the best-fit-line DID NOT go through the all points (b) The lawnmower s motion was not perfectly uniform because it did not travel equal distances in equal time intervals

62 SLOPE Whether a line is horizontal, goes up, or goes down? What is the SLOPE?

63 POSITIVE SLOPE A positive slope on a position - time graph slants up to the right. The positive slope indicates that the ball s position, from the origin, is increasing with respect to time.

64 NEGATIVE SLOPE A negative slope on a position - time graph slants down to the right.

65 NEGATIVE SLOPE A negative slope on a position - time graph slants down to the right. The negative slope indicates that the ball s position is decreasing (going from positive to negative position) with respect to time.

66 ZERO SLOPE On a position-time graph, an object at rest is represented by a line that has zero slope. For example, the golf ball is remaining stationary 2.0 m to the right of the hole. Its position-time graph for a 5.0 s time interval would be a horizontal straight line

67 Classwork O 8 1D Analyzing a Position - Time Graph (pg. 355) O8 1E Toy Car Time Trials LAB (pg ) O 8 1F Slow Motion and fast Motion Trials LAB (pg ) 67

68

69 Part 1 What to Do Answers 2. (a) The object moves north with uniform motion. (b) The object remains stationary. (c) The object moves north with uniform motion. (d) The object moves south with uniform motion. (e) The object remains stationary. (f) The object moves south with uniform motion. 3. (a) 2 m (c) 4 m [N] (d) 6 m [S] (e) 0 m (f) 2 m [S] 4. (a) positive (b) zero (c) positive (d) negative (e) zero (f) negative m

70 Part 2 What to Do Answers 7. (a) Line 4 (b) Line 2 (c) Line 1 (d) Line 3

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