Physics Review. Do: Page # Which of the following is an appropriate unit for velocity? A. s B. m C. m/s 2 D. km/h
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1 Physics Review Do: Page # Which of the following is an appropriate unit for velocity? A. s B. m C. m/s 2 D. km/h Use the following information to answer Question 2. The following distance time graph shows a 100 m race among three friends. 2. What was the outcome of the race? A. Al won the race. B. Bob won the race. C. Charlie won the race. D. The race was a three- way tie.
2 3. Which of the following statements describe the relationship among displacement, time interval and average velocity for an object travelling in uniform motion? I When Δd gets larger and Δt is constant, the average velocity gets larger. II III A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II, and III When Δt gets larger and Δd is constant, the average velocity gets smaller. When vav gets larger, the slope of a position time ( Δd/ Δt ) graph gets steeper. Use the following information to answer questions 4 and 5. The data represents the motion of a girl riding her skateboard along a smooth, pedestrian- free sidewalk. You may find it useful to graph the data in the table on the grid provided. 4. What does the slope of the line represent? A. the distance the skateboarder travelled B. the average velocity of the skateboarder C. the path taken by the skateboarder, as she is moving up a hill D. the most likely positions of the skateboarder at the times between the recorded data points
3 5. How far did the girl move during 3 s? A. 3.0 m B. 4.5 m C. 6.0 m D. 9.0 m 6. A F1 racecar changes its velocity from 0 km/h to 160 km/h in 2.5 s. Which of the following describes the motion of the car? A. uniform motion B. zero acceleration C. positive acceleration D. negative acceleration 7. A car accelerates from rest at a constant 5 m/s 2. How long will it take the car to reach 10 m/s? A. 2 s B. 5 s C. 10 s D. 50 s 8. A motorist travels at 2 m/s and then accelerates at a rate of 6 m/s 2 for 3 s. What is the final velocity of the car? A. 2 m/s B. 6 m/s C. 8 m/s D. 20 m/s
4 9. The following graph shows the velocity of a taxi as it travels to the airport. During which interval of the journey is the taxi stopped? A. from point A point B B. from point B point C C. from point C point D D. from point D point E Use the following information for a car moving with constant acceleration to answer questions 10 to 12.
5 10. The car has negative acceleration. A. The statement is supported by the information given. B. The statement is refuted by the information given. C. The statement is neither supported nor refuted by the information. 11. Every second, the velocity of the car increases by 5 m/s. A. The statement is supported by the information given. B. The statement is refuted by the information given. C. The statement is neither supported nor refuted by the information. 12. The velocity of the car at X is 5 m/s. A. The statement is supported by the information given. B. The statement is refuted by the information given. C. The statement is neither supported nor refuted by the information.
6 Use the following information to answer question Which of the following statements are supported by the diagram and experiment? I II III The balls fall with the same acceleration Each ball s velocity increases as it falls As they fall, the distance between the balls increases A. I only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
7 Solutions (Textbook): Using Key Terms 2. (a) True (b) False. Average velocity is the rate of change in displacement. Or: Average speed is the rate of change in distance. (c) False. Direction is needed when calculating displacement. Or: Direction is not needed when calculating distance. (d) False. The slope of a position- time graph is average velocity. Or: The slope of a velocity- time graph is acceleration. (e) True (f) False. If the direction of the velocity is opposite the direction of the acceleration, the object will slow down. Or: If the direction of the velocity is the same as the direction of the acceleration, the object will speed up. (g) False. The slope of a velocity- time graph is average acceleration. Or: The slope of a position- time graph is average velocity. (h) True (i) False. A change in velocity is not always positive. (j) True (k) True Checking Concepts 3. A vector quantity has both a magnitude and a direction, whereas a scalar quantity has only a magnitude. 4. (a) Vector (b) Scalar (c) Vector (d) Vector (e) Scalar (f) Vector 5. Time interval is the final time minus the initial time. 6. Displacement is the final position minus the initial position The object s displacement during the next 3.0 s time interval is 1.2 m forward. 10. Uniform motion is represented as a straight line on a position- time graph. 11. (a) A negative slope would represent the object travelling west. (b) A zero slope would represent the object remaining stationary. 12. On a position- time graph, the slope represents the average velocity. 13. The mathematical relationship between average velocity, displacement, and time is 14. The two common units used for velocity are m/s and km/h. 15. Change in velocity is calculated by subtracting the initial velocity from the final velocity.
8 16. (a) If the change in velocity is positive, the ball s velocity will increase. (b) If the change in velocity is negative, the ball s velocity will decrease. (c) If the change in velocity is zero, the ball s velocity will not change. 17. Deceleration is used to describe acceleration that is opposite the direction of motion. 18. The direction of the motorcycle s acceleration is south. a positive sign (+) while the other direction is represented by a negative sign ( ). 26. Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity. Both sprinters had the same change in velocity, but if the time interval to change their velocity is different then the accelerations would be different If the car slowed down, the acceleration would be given a positive (+) sign. 20. The slope of a velocity- time graph represents the average acceleration. 21. The mathematical relationship of acceleration, change in velocity, and time interval is given by 22. Air resistance acts opposite the direction of motion of falling objects; therefore, it produces a net acceleration less than 9.8 m/s The acceleration due to gravity on or near the surface of Earth is 9.8 m/s 2. Understanding Key Ideas 24. If an object is travelling in one direction in a straight line, the magnitude of the displacement is equal to the distance travelled. 25. There is a change in velocity because the tennis ball is travelling in different directions. One of the directions would be represented by 28. Both the rock and the table tennis ball would accelerate downward at the same rate; therefore they would hit the surface of the Moon at the same time travelling the same speed. 29. (a) Not accelerated motion (b) Accelerated motion (c) Accelerated motion since the direction is changing (d) Accelerated motion 30. (a) The object is travelling at a constant velocity. (b) The object is accelerating. (c) The object is moving forward. (d) The object is moving backward. (e) The object has zero velocity. Thinking Critically 31. The average speed of the cyclist is more meaningful because the average velocity of all cyclists, regardless of how fast they
9 are riding, will be zero when they cross the finish line. The average speed will indicate how fast they are riding. 32. (a) Answers may vary but may include that a best- fit line shows the trend of the data and the best- fit line can be extended beyond the data to indicate what might happen. (b) A best- fit line is an average and does not indicate the situation at a particular instant. Different people may draw slightly different best- fit lines since they are drawn to show a trend in the data. 33. (a) Both are vectors and both describe motion. (b) Answers may vary but may include that velocity determines how quickly displacement changes, whereas acceleration determines how quickly the velocity changes, and velocity and displacement have different units. 34. (a) The skater s overall change in velocity is zero. (b) The skater s average acceleration is also zero. Developing Skills (a) The object is travelling up. (b) 1 m up. (c) 6 m up. (d) 5 m up. (e) 20 s. 38. B 39. C 40. C 41. C 42. B 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. C 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. C 51. C Solutions (Provincial Questions): 1. D 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. B
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