A scalar quantity has just magnitude A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction

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1 Name Date Mods REVIEW FOR MIDYEAR ASSESSMENT 1. Physics is the most basic science because Physics supports chemistry, chemistry supports biology. The ideas of physics are fundamental to these more complicated sciences. You can understand other sciences much better of you understand physics first 2. Distinguish between scalar and vector quantities: A scalar quantity has just magnitude A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction 3. Speed is the rate at which what happens? Distance changes with time 4. What does the slope of distance vs time graph represent? Slope = change in y = distance change in x time = speed 5. What is the equation for calculating the speed of an object? Identify the variables. Speed = distance time 6. Acceleration is the rate at which what happens? Velocity changes with time 7. What is the equation for calculating the acceleration of an object? Identify the variables. a = Δv t acceleration = change in velocity time 8. What is the meaning of free fall? Fall is free of air drag and forces other than gravity

2 9. What does a vector (arrow) represent? An arrow that represents the magnitude of a quantity and whose direction represents the direction of the quantity 10. Explain what happens to the acceleration of a ball as you throw it up in the air and then catch it at the same height (three parts) 1) Force due to gravity causes the ball to decelerate (slow down) 2) Force due to gravity causes the ball to have a velocity of 0 m/s at apex 3) Force due to gravity causes the ball to acceleration 11. How does the horizontal component of a projectile compare with the vertical component? What acts on the projectile in the horizontal direction (neglecting air resistance)? What acts on the projectile in the vertical direction? The horizontal component of a projectile has a constant velocity -there are no forces on the projectile in the horizontal direction The vertical component of a projectile is affected by the force due to gravity and will increase with time 12. At what angle should a slingshot be angled for maximum altitude? For maximum range? Maximum altitude (height) = 90 o Maximum range (distance) = 45 o 13. State Newton s First Law and give an example. Every object continues in a state of rest, or of motion in a straight line at constant speed, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces exerted on it An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless a force is applied 14. Distinguish between mass and weight. Mass is a measure of inertia. It does not change due to gravity. Weight is the gravitational force acting on an object. Since gravity varies, weight varies

3 15. When does a book on a table remain at rest? When does a book on a table move? What would keep a book on a table moving at a constant velocity? As long as a force is not applied to a book at rest on a table, it will remain at rest. A book on a table will move if a force is applied to it. A book on a table will move at a constant velocity if 16. What is meant by the net force that acts on an object? The net force is the resultant of all applied forces -if forces are in the same direction, they are added -if forces are in opposite directions, they are subtracted 17. Distinguish between directly proportional and inversely proportional. Directly proportional: increasing one variable increases the other by the same factor Inversely proportional: increasing one variable decreases the other by the same factor 18. What causes an acceleration? An applied force causes acceleration 19. State Newton s Second Law in words. Acceleration is force per mass 20. State Newton s Second Law in terms of an equation and identify the variables. a = F/m acceleration = force/mass 21. What is the cause of friction, and in what direction does it act with respect to the motion of a sliding object. Surface irregularities Friction opposes motion (is in the opposite direction)

4 22. How many objects are involved in an interaction? There are two objects involved in any interaction 23. State Newton s Third Law. Whenever an object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object 24. Describe the action of walking in terms of Newton s Third Law. You push on the floor and the floor pushes on you forward 25. Describe the action of swimming in terms of Newton s Third Law. You push on the water backwards and the water pushes on you forwards 26. Describe the action reaction force pair involved when a rocket travels through space. The force is that which the exhaust exerts on the rocket The reaction to that force is the rocket on the exhaust

5 EQUATION SHEET **Identify the variables in each equation a = aa aa v = vf - vi v f = v i + at a = a a d = ½ a t 2 v v = g t a = 2a a a t up = v i / g F = ma Fg = mg F N = Fg f = µf N gmoon = 1.6 m/s 2 gmars = 3.8 m/s 2 gtitan = 1.35 m/s 2

6 PROBLEMS: SHOW ALL WORK THE WAY IT HAS BEEN MODELED IN CLASS 1. A truck driving down Route 78 travels 55.0 mi in a time of 1.20 hour. What is the average speed of the truck? 2. A bicyclist rides at 25 aa a 1.50 h? along a highway. How far will the bus have have traveled after 3. A bullet is shot from a rifle with a speed of 400 a. What time is required to strike a target a 200 m away? 4. Use your chromebook to graph distance vs time. Car #1 Time (s) Distance (cm) *Use the graph to find the slope of the line. What does this value represent? 5. What is the change of velocity of a car that comes to a stop from a speed of 35 m/s?

7 6. When a pitcher throws a baseball, it undergoes a change in velocity of 75 m/s in time of s. What is the acceleration of the baseball? 7. How fast will a bicycle be going after 10.0 seconds if it accelerates at 5.0 m/s 2 from a velocity of 5.0 m/s? 8. How much time does it take for car with an acceleration of 5.0 m/s 2 take to go from 20.m/s to 50 m/s? 9. Use your chromebook to graph velocity vs time Time (s) Velocity (cm/s) 0 0

8 *Use your chromebook to find the slope of this line. What does this value represent? 10. Fill in the table below for free fall speeds and distances fallen for an object dropped from rest. (1 pts. each) Elapsed Time (s) Instantaneous Speed (m/s) Total Distance Fallen (m) How fast will a ball be moving if it falls for 2.0 seconds out of a window?

9 12. For the ball in Problem above, how far will it have fallen? 13. A ball falls and hits the ground 25 meters below. For long does it fall before hitting the ground? 14. For the ball in Problem above, how fast is it moving when it hits the net? 15. You throw a ball upward and catch it at the same height. If you catch the ball 2.5 seconds later, how high did you throw it? 16. For the situation described in Problem above, how fast did you throw the ball? 17. A ball rolls off a table at a speed of 1.25 m/s. Assuming it lands 500 cm from the base of the table, how tall is the table (in meters)? a. Draw a diagram to summarize the information (include unit conversions if necessary)

10 b. Calculate the time it takes for the ball to hit the ground c. Calculate how tall the table is 18. A softball pitcher imparts an acceleration of 85 m/s 2 to a softball ball during her throw. Assuming the force she applies to the ball is 18 N, what is the mass of the ball in kg? 19. An astronaut is standing on Mars. What is the force due to gravity on Mars?. How much does the astronaut weigh if her mass is 55 kg?

11 20. On the planet Voorhees, a 25 kg object weighs 90. N. What is the acceleration due to gravity on planet Voorhees? 21. On Titan (one of Saturn s moons), an astronaut weighs 250N. What is the force due to gravity on Titan? What is the mass of the astronaut?

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