2009 (25) ! & "# $ % / 5 1 / 3 & ) * / 1 1 / 8 " # (, 3 4 # 1# 2.( /0# ) "! %2 : % % 1 #
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1 2009 (25)! " & ' "# $ % ( 2008/05/13 &) * 2009/01/18 " # (, 34# 1#2 (. /0#) "! - %2 :% % 1# 7 80 " 1#9 # - 6!5 # >4 :% 62 %2 :% (2 1# - " = # <# 6!;.@5# " 1# :? " 6 /.# ; # :.!5-97
2 !" #" $ %& ' $ ( & "# Petrography and Geochemistry of the Recent Basaltic Rocks from the North East of Syria A. S. Turkmani and M. Al-Shar a Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Syria Received 13/05/2008 Accepted 18/01/2009 ABSTRACT This geological and geochemical study shows that the basaltic rocks located in the north east of Syria represent a model for intra plate volcanism, which was formed by a high degree of partial melting at shallow levels. Except the basaltic rocks of Tal- Kowkab volcano which were formed at deeper and lower degree of partial melting. This was supported by the study of the incompatible elements, which indicate to the degree of partial melting. Key Words: Al Jazera region, Volcanism, Partial melting, Fractional crystallization, Rear earth elements. 98
3 2009 (25) /.*& / - $ )*" +, #." (# 5& ) 23 (Mesopotamian) 0 0 #. 5.& $ 9: (Leonov et al., 1989) 8& ) 0 # : 5& $ / -" (+41 & 5() ) ; #* 7 # )7$ 7 0 ) ( $ -" 0& $ 0.(Ponikarov, 1966) 5 & 7 0 ) )." 8.%.% # 5& ) * = ),' (Best et al., 1993) 0. $! $ ) 5.. $ " > $ # 8& 23 9: B + 4A6 0 0 /@ 7? 0& $ >.C B' C ) 6 23 ) ) )&. /0# " "# 0# ".D ) (1#") $ " ).D ; 8& E & (" ) $ D 0 F!$ + +, ) (Ponikarov,1966) 5.& $ ; ) D G:C 7 + := : :% ' # B1. $ ((N b 2 ) 27 0 ) D " $!$ + #* 0 )!$ H 8& 9" #I 5. ) D & G #" $ ; 0& $ 5. 0 $ ) 07 7 C ²+ 800 C, & ) D G:C #;" )..7?.., #* G F F 27 & ) : #*..$ %' 0 # -J ) = $ 6&I. + $ + $ ( F I.+ 5A3 0 '%? 7$ 27 $ 99
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6 !" #" $ %& ' $ ( & "# " " = (1) :;<=>?@ A<BCDE@ :;<=>?@ A<BCDE@ "E 8.,*!" #" :K" >.&!" #" :K" > :K" >.' - & 5( #" + 7 :@ & >.' G H H, 5( + 2 :K" >., A' ; -., #" + 8 A' ; -., A) * ; -.8 H, 5( #" + 3 ) * ; -.8 H, ) * ; -.) *," - &. 5 #!", ) &. 5 #!" 5, ) &. 5 # 0 % ) -# D( B12 B13 B14 102
7 2009 (25)...(1) # H " 8 -# D(. 0* 0 (+ 2A1 ) X ; ) "& L& * ) -1.0* $ ) -2.* ) -3.(c4 b4) 27 0 * ) A (a4) #* 0 * ) * ) -5.(b6) * ) (a6) * ) -6.(b7) * ) (a7) * ) -7.R * ) -8.R * ) -9. (b10 a10).r * ) -10 ) A( b11) 0 * ) A (a11) 27 0 * ) -11.(c11) 7, 0 * #% * ) B12 #% * ) B13 ) > H 7$ * ) A (a14) 0 ; " - 0 B14.(b14) 5 0 8& ' 5 D #% 0 7$ * ) A (c14) 5 0," - 0 * ).(e14) 5 0 ; - 0 * ) A (d14) 0 C* ; -.'% 10 0 % N ) ) D G:C -J.+ 3A2 23 # 5 G Y, + 5A 2 0? # L ) * ' 0 ) D 9 -J? 0* 0 ) $ ) 0 *P 27$ (. 0 L ) $ %5 L * ) $ %10A8 0 0.* 0 / 7 ) ( I ) II 0 *P 7 R > )Q ); ) * ( ) ) 0. :8Q4! # B4.(1) # $( ) H, % (5. 0) $ +13 & & " %&?* -" 5 5!" #" #" GD ) :! * 0 77 )$ U.* G.D :'J ' 0 7 #" 23 ) 5(.(2#") ). 8I.% 0. - (Recent) 8& 7 23 ) D G:C. ( 3 Q 4 ).7 ( 2 Q 4 ) 2 ( 1 Q 4 ) 2* :C. $ & /$ #" 5( 5A!" #" & G 103
8 !" #" $ %& ' $ ( & "# =!.= ' " 6! # & 0 (2).(12F13F14) -# D( (2.(Ponikarov, 1966) (2Q48& ' 0 % ) Q A2. (1Q4 %& ' 0 2 ) Q A1..,.$ A4.(3Q4.%&. '. 0..%% ) Q A3. $! $ A6. C$ A5. & A5 #!", ) 12. & A5 #!" 5, ) 13. & A 5 # 0 % ) 14 : 1 Q 4 :5.(1) # $ (12) H, % 0...& & 23 # H +, C 2.3. '% # N; L # 27 H +12A8.+3, 23 # - & Y, $ + 10 /DI. #". ; 0 07 /I$ (I) X 0 0 ) D G:C )$ / U7,, N +15A10 0 X 0 S*? *' ) L& 5 H, #" L ' 07 7 C 104
9 2009 (25). $ * 7 I 0 )$& 27 L& L: 9 & B' ) $ ;.6.L. ) 0 % ) P + 8 X ) 27 %10. ).$ ) 27 L& ) #" ) L& R 0 *P 0 S.+1 X 0 II : 8 2 Q 4 :0.(1) # $ (13) H, % 0. $ '%? +4 D $ 23 G:C.+5 & 23 - $ # +60A50 H. (VI,V, IV, 4, 5). ' ' 0 G:C )J" ' #" 06*& C ;!* ' 27 (5, 4) 0' > #. #" L #" 27 0$ (6V), + 60A 50 S* 5 # H$ (V) ' +200 N$ (V6) '.+50 5! ; S, %I% U, $ & U & G,. ) - 0 ) 0 ' G:C -J : 8 3 Q 4.(1) # $ (a, b, c, d, e 14) H, %.&. #. N.!" #" G ; $ 23 G:C $ Y, +50 $ '% N +3 & F!$ H* 8& $ 0 8& 5 # W U,! U7,, N +200A150 2 F 0 H* *P I 0 7 I 0 -J & ) & : C (2#") # > 0.L. ). L. * ) 0 %& ) -J.$ %10 0* 0 ) $ ) 0 *P $ ( 6.*P 0 L ) $ %5 0 #, L * ) 0. 0.* 0 ) % 60A50 II 0.)Q ); ) * R > % 25A10 105
10 !" #" $ %& ' $ ( & "# :" = B5.. ' ' $ ( 5 #. $ (Scanne Electron Microprobe Camscan-4D) D 0. *P $ )& $ 23 & 7 ) : 27 & 0 ")" 0 0* 0 ) $ 23 ) $ ). 2.3 (Hyalopilitic texture)...7..(interesrtal texture) ). 0. #., 0.* ). 0. X #" *P ) *. ' +& 0 % 9 5, 7 #;" 0. ).& 2.3 ) #" H $ '5 6 2A * )? 0& 5( $ D ) #" $ $ 6&I /7 C + 2.5, 23 0& > $ # 0.* )..&.3 #" 6 ); 0,!7 0.* ). # (Groundmass) $ 9 ) * % 0? #;" ( Fo =80-85%) $ ) *. (Xenocryste) 0.* 0 ( ) 6&I ' +&.(Fo=90 %). #".. F* $ U 6 '#.? + 2A1 0? &* ) #" C :'J. ) 0 C Wo 51 En 3 23 Wo 47 En 40 0 #". -J 23 7 (Groundmass) ; 0. 7 ) 07 /I$ 0* 0 II ) 0 X L:. ). >. + 15A5 0? 5 ); )Q. R 0 ; 5 07 /I$.0* $ ) & 6 0 C? 7 ) 07 7 ; '52 / $ $ #& 0 %5A3 5 #;." A0.08.); 23 / $ # #" 7 U" 7 ) C 27 6 '.) ? #" &* ; ) #" :'J $$. I $ # 0 %30A25 #;" %20A10 #;" P +, 0 6 "# F %T /& 6&I.) S H R #% 106
11 2009 > $ ; ) C 27 L * 0 HI. R :" = B6 & D (1#) ' *' 7[ +6 $ (SiO 2 ),? 8& %6.22A (Na 2 O+K 2 O) ) B&? %45.49A38.23.%3.59A1.64 0? $ (a2o / K2O ) B& L. + '. A9 A#$D ' $ #& ):*.Plasma Spectrometer(ICP) X.R.F 0..? 8& ' 03 :# &.. S 0 C (3#") ) L ).(Maleev,1980) ) 5 & %4A1 0? (Na 2 O /K 2 O) B& =! "( " 80 "! & (3). (Le Bas and others, 1986).((2Q4) 2 8& ).((Q 1) #* 7 ).((3Q4) 8& ).((1Q4) 2* 8& ) 107
12 !" #" $ %& ' $ ( & G. #* $ ' 0 (4#" ) 6\ 8.&.. G ( 1 Q 4 ) +, 0 /@ +; ' #& $ H 8& ' 5 0]$ +7 #".( 3 Q 4 ). ( MacDonald and Katsura,1964) L C -!? " "( " 80 "! & (4).(Marakushev.,1981) =!. A-F M A= Na2O+K2O, F=FeO+Fe2O3, M=MgO.((2Q4) 2 8& ).((Q 1) #* 7 ).((3Q4) 8& ).((1Q4) 2* 8& ). ' # Mg =100 (Mg /Mg+Fe²) ;, 0 77A57 0.? (1#) #* # * * 7 8& # 8& ' $ * ;, 03 ( 3 Q 4 ).%& ) $ (Fractional crystallization).( 1 Q 4 ) +, ) ' $ * U%& (C )') ; ),I 7 /& % F,I G:C 03 8& (TiO2, CaO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5) +; #. ( 3 Q 4 ) 8.& % ' 0 6&I 108
13 2009 (25) 0..,I G:C J (5#") +6 +;. )..6 8& (Cr, Ni, Ba, Sr) % 7 +; ( 1 Q 4 ) +, ) F #" # + C@( 8& +..$ I. ; $ F #" :C X.(5#") (Sr, Rb) + # (G -00) -E #/ -00 (5) "! " #E 2 / 6. "( " 80.((2Q4) 2 8& ).((Q 1) #* 7 ).((3Q4) 8& ).((1Q4) 2* 8& ) ) : ( 3 Q 4 ) 8.&. ' 0 6..& 0 0 5, (Primitive composition) 5 109
14 !" #" $ %& ' $ ( & "# S.* #. H.* B& CP G:C '... ' $ (RbSr) $ I B&.(6#" ) $ & 8& (G -00) -E #/ -00 (6) 80 "! " #E 2 / 6. "( ".((2Q4) 2 8& ).((Q 1) #* 7 ).((3Q4) 8& ).((1Q4) 2* 8& ) 0 /I 0 # 7 (MgO) +; B& 0,I ).. 0.% 0 0' 5, H 8& ) 110
15 2009 (25).. ' )7 H %10A%5 0 0* ) S. 0& $ %10 # ' 27 1 Q 4 #* 7 ) X.. %# ' # 27 3 Q 4 8& 7 ). $ 8& ' $ *' ) 0.' 0. H. 8& ) ' &I. D 0I% 0: %5 ' # 27 D %25A% ).". (Mouty et al.,1992) ) H!$ L " #I' 8&.(7#" ) &* & ) : / & #E 2 ' ($ -!? " 2 " 1#9 (7) "( " 80 "! " >4 # #%.(Auchopt et al., 1987) =!.((2Q4) 2 8& ).((Q 1) #* 7 ).((3Q4) 8& ).((1Q4) 2* 8& ). ((Q1) #* 7 ) ( (N2 ) 27 0 ) (Mouty.,et al.,1992) (Turkmani.,2000) 5( 5 ) 7 & a ), % * 03..$ 23 LP *' ) 0* & # $ '. $ U S* 0 (8 #" ) # $ I 111
16 !" #" $ %& ' $ ( & "# # # + + ) 5 23 (Mahfoud& Beak, 1995)!$ ) "& G L: 0* 0.* 0..( ) 27 D U :C 8.&... ' $ (Fo=90%) Xenocryste. $ ( 3 Q 4 ) -..%&. ' $. 0,I #I' 0 9: ( )," ".(12A11A10A9 A8) #". $ ' $ I $ % :?".((2Q4) 2 8& ).((3Q4) 8& ).((Q 1) #* 7 ).((1Q4) 2* 8& ).((Q 2) Ni (ppm) Cr vs. Ni 1Q4+2Q4 3Q 4 Q2 Q Cr (ppm) "! " (# / ) / # & (8).(Camp,V.E.,and Rooble M.J., 1989) =!. /0# +. #.% (Compatible elements).$. -I'$ U$ 7,* % $ ) 0 27 # + ) #.(Mahfoud & Beak,1995) ) H!$ * 2( 0& $ ).;. ) * 0 H* B& 27 $ ( ) #. +.*,I U7 ) :C )Q 5. ); 0 #' +*$ (9 #" ) 0.* I. 0. /.& #. :.C /I* % ' $ " 112
17 2009 (25) (Fractionation). 7 $ 0J" 5& C 0* 0 0*. )( (( 3 Q 4 ) 8& '$ / 6&D. * Ni (ppm) V vs. Ni Olivine Fractionation Clinopyroxene+Titanomagnetite Fractionation V (ppm) "! " (#5 / #) # & (9).(Camp,V.E.,and Rooble M.J., 1989) =!. /0# H * * J (Incompatible elements) $ I 03.& ' # 27 H $ ' 0 ) (Ce) +.D #I.' G: (Mutual incompatibility) 9" 0 #% #I.' U # :C )[ 'T G D U 6&I.(10#" ) (Fractional crystallization ) 7 P2O5 % Ce vs. P2O Ce (ppm) 3Q4 Partial Melting " ( / 55) /$ # & (10).(Camp,V.E.,and Rooble M.J., 1989) =!. /0# "! 3Q4 113
18 !" #" $ %& ' $ ( & "# 0 (11#" ) 0 + #% I ) 9: /@ 0 G #* $ S.( 3 Q 4 ) 8& ) G ( 1 Q 4 ) +, ) 0 Sr (ppm) Zr vs.sr Q2 3Q4 Partial Melting Zr (ppm) " (' / #) /$ #% & (11) Camp,V.E.,and Rooble M.J., =!. /0# "!.(1989) (#. '. 0 /@ B& S* 6&I +. H.*.. 8& ' G +, %5. D >*' # ) (Wedepohl and Muramatsu,1979).. ); +* $ ) *.7 #I' )[ /$ ( 3 Q 4 ) %& ) ' #%. 2.7 # 8& ' $ * ;, 03 ). $ *' (Fractional crystallizationn) 8& +., ).. ' $ #" ( 3 Q 4 ) %& 114
19 2009 (25) , 0 # ; 8& '$.( 1 Q 4 ) %5 #. L:. D ' 27 H # 5 #. L:.. D ' 27 S +, '.(7#" ) %25 # #% ( )!" #" $ %& ' )" L. - D (12#" ) &* #' /: U...D!7 03 8& &!7 27 7! /@ Y,.*' Zr / y Plate margin Intra-plate Ti / Y Pearce ) =! " Ti / Y / Zr /Y #% & (12) "! "# D; 1H 74 ( & Gale, /0# 115
20 !" #" $ %& ' $ ( & "# REFERENCES D Auchapt, A., Dupuy, C., Dostal, j., and Kamika, M. (1987). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of rift related volcanic rocks from south Kiva (Zaire). J.V. Geotherm.Res.31.P Best, J. A., Barazangi, M., Al- Saad, D., Sawaf, T., Gebran, A. (1993). Continental margin evolution of the Northern Arabian platform in Syria, Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 77, Camp, V. E. and Rooble M. J. (1989). The Arabian continental alkali basalt province:part 1.Evolution of Harrat Rahat,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.,101:p Le Bas, M. J., Le Maitre, R. W., Streckeisen, A., Zanettin, B. (1986). A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram: Journal of petrology, v.27.pt.3,p Leonov, Y. G., Sigachev, S. P., Otri, M., Yusef, A., Zaza, T. and sawaf, T. (1989). New Data on the Paleozoic complex of the platform cover of Syria. Geotectonic, 23, Maleev, E. F. (1980). Vulcanite s, Reference book.moscow, Nedra, 240 P. (In Russian). Mac Donald, G., and Katsura, T. (1964). Chemical composition of Hawaiian Lavas J. petrology, 5: p Mahfoud, R., and Beck, J. N. (1995). Petro genesis and geodynamic significance of ultramafic inclusions and basanite from southern Syria. Int. Geol. Review. V.37.p Marakushev A. A. (1981). Petrography. EZD. MGU.Moscow. 327p (in Russian). Mouty, M., Delaloye, M., Fontignie, D., Piskin,O. and Wagner, J. (1992 ). The Volcanic activity in Syria and Lebanon between Jurassic and Actual. Schweiz, Mineral, Petrogr. Mitt. 72.,p Pearce, J. A. and Gale, G. H. (1977). Identification of ore deposition environment from trace element geochemistry of associated host rocks. In: Volcanic processes in ore genesis, London institute. Mining Metall. And Geol-Soc.,p Ponikarov, V. P., ed (Chief), (1966). The Geology of Syria, Explanatory notes on the geological map of Syria, scale 1: , part 1, Stratigraphy, Igneous rocks and Tectonics. Techno export. Turkmani, A. A. (2000). Model of the upper mantle beneath the south western part of Syria deduced from the study of peridotite xenoliths. 5th IGC, "GAW-5" Cairo Univ., p Wedepohl, K. K. and Muramatsu, Y. (1979). The chemical composition of Basaltic magma types. In: Kimberlitic diatremes and diamonds: their geology petrology and chemistry, proc. 2nd intern. Kimberlite conference., Eds., F.R.Boyd and H.O.A.Meyer. 1:p
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