Figure 2. Location map of Himalayan Mountains and the Tibetan Plateau (from Searle et al., 1997).
|
|
- Erin Lang
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Nazca Plate Figure 1. Location map of Central Andes arc. This map also shows the extent of the high Altiplano-Puna plateau (from Allmendinger et al., 1997). 33
2 Figure 2. Location map of Himalayan Mountains and the Tibetan Plateau (from Searle et al., 1997). 34
3 35 Figure 3. The Palms pluton is just to the west of the Triassic and Jurassic granite found in the northwest portion of this map. The Mesozoic sheeted complex follows the southwest border (from Barth et al., 28).
4 2 7 Al2O3 (wt%) CaO (wt%) TiO2 (wt %).6.4 FeO (wt%) NA Cordilleran Central Andes SiO2 (wt %) SiO2 (wt%) Figure 4. A comparison of major oxide concentration between Cretaceous granites from the North American Cordillera and Recent rhyolite and pumice chemistry from the Central Andes. Both plots show similar trends, although the Central Andes display more scatter. NA Cordillera data from Brand, 1985 and Wooden and Barth, unpublished data. Central Andes data from Mahlburg Kay et al., 1988; Coira and Nullo, 1989, De Silva, 1989; Schreiber and Schwab, 1991; Feeley et al., 1993; Coira and Kay, 1993; Morgan et al., 1998; Haschke et al., 22; Ulrich and Heinrich, 21; Klemetti and Grunder, 28 and Vezzoli et al.,
5 MnO (wt%).1 Na2O (wt%) MgO (wt%) K2O (wt%) NA Cordilleran Central Andes SiO 2 (wt%) SiO 2 (wt%) Figure 5. A comparison of major oxide concentration between granites from the North American Cordillera and rhyolite and pumice chemistry from the Central Andes. Both plots show similar trends, although the Central Andes display more scatter. Data references are the same as figure 4. 37
6 Age = yrs Age = 38,818 yrs Age = 97,45 yrs Figure 6a. Thermal model developed using the HEAT program (Wohletz, 27) of the cooling/crystallization of the Palms pluton (first half). According to this model, it would have taken approximately 45, years for this magmatic intrusion to reach the solidus. 38
7 Age = 194,9 yrs Age = 3,839 yrs Age = 454,17 yrs Figure 6b. Thermal model of the cooling/crystallization of the Palms pluton (second half). According to this model, it would have taken approximately 45, years for this magmatic intrusion to reach the solidus. 39
8 116.3 o W o W 34.1 o N N 34. o N Sample Location Sample Location (previously collected) Quaternary Alluvium Palms Pluton (Cretaceous) Varying colors indicate zoning Mesozoic Sheeted Complex Triassic Granite Precambrian Gneiss 3 km Figure 7. Map of the Palms pluton. The warm colors are interpreted zones based on satellite imagery (Jarvis et al., 21). Additional samples were collected for whole rock geochemistry. 4
9 116.3 o W o W o N N o N Sample Location Sample Location (previously collected) Quaternary Alluvium Palms Pluton (Cretaceous) Varying colors indicate zoning Mesozoic Sheeted Complex Triassic Granite Precambrian Gneiss 3 km Figure 8. Map of the Palms pluton with location of samples where zircons were analyzed and their corresponding ages. Adapted from satellite imagery (Jarvis, et al., 21). 41
10 FeO (wt.%) Previously Collected Data New Data K 2 O (wt.%) SiO 2 (wt. %) SiO 2 (wt. %) MgO (wt.%) CaO (wt.%) SiO 2 (wt. %) SiO 2 (wt. %) TiO 2 (wt. %) Al 2 O 3 (wt.%) SiO 2 (wt. %) SiO 2 (wt. %) Figure 9. Comparison of major oxides in granite of the Palms pluton. There is systematic variation in major oxides compared to SiO 2. Previously collected data from Brand, 1985; Palmer, 25; Wooden and Barth, unpublished data. 42
11 8 7 6 Previously Collected Data New Data 5 4 Sr (ppm) CaO/SiO e e e e+5 5.8e e+5 Easting (UTM) e e e e+5 5.8e e+5 Easting (UTM) Ba (ppm) e e e e+5 5.8e e+5 Easting (UTM) Al 2 O 3 /SiO e e e e+5 5.8e e+5 Easting (UTM) Ba (ppm) MgO/SiO e e e e+5 5.8e e e e e e+5 5.8e e+5 Easting (UTM) Easting (UTM) Figure 1. Summary of spatial changes in granite chemistry (additional data from Brand, 1985; Palmer, 25; Wooden and Barth, unpublished data). Although variation is observed in major oxide chemistry (right panels), more significant variation is observed in some trace elements (left panels). This spatial variation is not in agreement with the zones observed in satellite imagery. 43
12 Magmatic 25 2 Number Premagmatic Premagmatic Age (Ma) Figure 11. Histogram and probability plot of ages of zircons from Palms pluton. This is a plot that combines a histogram with the cumulative probability distribution obtained by summing the probability distributions of a suite of data with normally-distributed errors. The number of peaks represents the number of statistically distinct ages that exist in the zircon grains. The height of the peak represents the likelihood that additional analysis will fall in that range. This figure displays at least 3 unique populations. One population is of Proterozoic premagmatic zircons. The second premagmatic population is from Mesozoic time. The magmatic zircons are the most prevalent and are from Cretaceous time. 44
13 I 1 8 Number Age (Ma) II Num ber Age (Ma) Figure 12. Histogram and probability plot of ages of premagmatic (I) and magmatic (II) zircons from Palms pluton. This figure displays at least 3 distinct populations for premagmatic zircons and two magmatic populations at approximately 77 and 81 Ma. This observation supports the hypothesis that this pluton was formed from multiple intrusions. 45
14 data-point error symbols are 1σ 82 Mean = 79. ± 1.1 [1.3%] 95% conf. Wtd by data-pt errs only, of 1 rej. MSWD = 5.1, probability = (error bars are 2σ) JW JW221-5 Ma 78 JW221-3 JW221-9 JW221-7 JW JW JW JW JW data-point error symbols are 1σ Mean = ±.65 [.83%] 95% conf. Wtd by data-pt errs only, of 8 rej. MSWD = 1.2, probability =.28 (error bars are 2σ) 79 Ma Figure 13. Calculated magmatic age of JW221. The lower graph has excluded the 81 Ma grains. The red bars represent error bars for each spot analysis. The plots include the mean age for each of the rock samples, mean square weighted deviation (MSWD), and the probability that these spot analyses are from one population. 46
15 data-point error symbols are 1σ 83 Mean = 78.4 ± 1.5 [1.9%] 95% conf. Wtd by data-pt errs only, of 6 rej. MSWD = 1.4, probability =.24 (error bars are 2σ) 81 Ma data-point error symbols are 1σ 81 8 Mean = 78 ± 1 [1.3%] 95% conf. Wtd by data-pt errs only, of 5 rej. MSWD =.65, probability =.63 (error bars are 2σ) 79 Ma Figure 14. Calculated magmatic age of JW222. The lower graph has excluded the 81 Ma grains. The red bars represent error bars for each spot analysis. The plots include the mean age for each of the rock samples, mean square weighted deviation (MSWD), and the probability that these spot analyses are from one population. 47
16 Figure 15. Europium anomaly versus age. The samples presented here contain both precise age and geochemical data. This graph displays that the older zircon grains found in JW221 have a similar geochemistry to zircon grains found in JW224, the oldest sample. 48
17 data-point error symbols are 1σ Ma Mean = 8.61 ±.48 [.59%] 95% conf. Wtd by data-pt errs only, of 7 rej. MSWD =.73, probability =.63 (error bars are 2σ) 77 Figure 16. Calculated magmatic age of JW224. The plots include the mean age for each of the rock samples, mean square weighted deviation (MSWD), and the probability that these spot analyses are from one population. 49
18 data-point error symbols are 1σ 79 Mean = 75.5 ± 1.3 [1.7%] 95% conf. Wtd by data-pt errs only, of 8 rej. MSWD =.36, probability =.92 (error bars are 2σ) 77 Ma Figure 17. Calculated magmatic age of JW341. The plots include the mean age for each of the rock samples, mean square weighted deviation (MSWD), and the probability that these spot analyses are from one population. 5
19 data-point error symbols are 1σ Ma Mean = ±.56 [.72%] 95% conf. Wtd by data-pt errs only, of 1 rej. MSWD = 1.8, probability = 55 (error bars are 2σ) 73 Figure 18. Calculated magmatic age of 561. The plots include the mean age for each of the rock samples, mean square weighted deviation (MSWD), and the probability that these spot analyses are from one population. 51
20 Ma Figure 19. Summary of ages. There is a difference of roughly 3 my between the oldest and youngest sample, if uncertainties are included. 52
21 JW221 JW341 JW224 Fe (ppm) Ca (ppm) Ti (ppm) Al (ppm) Figure 2. Analysis of major elements in potential silicate and oxide mineral inclusions in zircon. The dashed lines represent the maximum accepted values; analyses with higher values of these elements were not included in data analysis. 53
22 1..8 a. Premagmatic 561 JW221 JW224 JW c. Magmatic 561 JW221 JW224 JW341 Eu/Eu* III IV II I Eu/Eu* b. Premagmatic Yb/Gd 561 JW221 JW224 JW d. Magmatic Yb/Gd 561 JW221 JW224 JW341 Th/U 1.5 Th/U Yb/Gd Yb/Gd Figure 21. Summary of REE patterns. The europium anomaly is quantified by dividing the Eu concentration by Eu*. Eu* is the midpoint of a calculated line from Sm to Gd; it therefore represents the value of Eu if there were no anomaly. The smaller this value, the deeper the negative europium anomaly is. Greater Yb/Gd values represent steeper HREE trends. The closed symbols on these figures represent spots analyzed from what was interpreted to be premagmatic grains and the open symbols represent analyses from magmatic zircon grains. Top graphs compare the Eu anomaly to Yb/Gd ratio. For premagmatic grains, there are four distinct populations and two (populations I and II) are consistently found in all analyzed samples. One yields high Yb/Gd values and low Eu/Eu* values. The second contains both low Yb/Gd and Eu/Eu* values. The bottom graphs compare Th/U values to Yb/Gd values. Population I from the above graph shows similar Th/U values to zircons from Proterozoic metamorphic rocks in southern California (Barth et al., 29); JW224 is an exception to this general observation because it has high Th/U values. 54
23 561 JW Magmatic Premagmatic 1..8 Magmatic Premagmatic Eu/Eu*.6.4 Eu/Eu* Yb/Gd JW Yb/Gd JW Eu/Eu*.6.4 Eu/Eu* Yb/Gd Yb/Gd Figure 22. Comparison of REE values for premagmatic and magmatic grains in each sample. Each sample contains premagmatic populations I and II. JW221 contains population III and JW341 contains population IV. 55
24 Premagmatic Magmatic Temperature ( o C) Temperature ( o C) Hf (ppm) Hf (ppm) JW224 JW Temperature ( o C) Temperature ( o C) Mz Temperature ( o C) Hf (ppm) JW Hf (ppm) Hf (ppm) Figure 23. Summary of zircon crystallization temperatures calculated from Ferry and Watson (27) plotted against Hf content (ppm). The activity coefficients used for calculations are 1 for Si and.7 for Ti. The solid line represents the solidus of granite from Piwinskii (1968) at 4 kb and 15% water content. The dashed line represents the zircon saturation temperature calculated from Watson and Harrison (1983). Generally, the premagmatic trend is shifted to the right of the magmatic trend. 56
25 km 1 Squaw Tank Smoke Tree 2 Palms Sheeted Complex Josephine Mt. 3 Waterman 4 Figure 24. Reconstructed crustal section of the North American Cordilleran arc (adapted from Palmer and others, 26). 57
26 Figure 25a. Working model of the formation of the Palms pluton and the Mesozoic sheeted complex. Green and red represent mafic and felsic igneous material, respectively. Pink represents heating and partial melting of the country rock. 58
27 Figure 25b. Working model of the formation of the Palms pluton and the Mesozoic sheeted complex, continued. The Palms pluton is located above the sheeted complex and formed from the same processes as the sheeted complex. 59
28 .5.4 Palms Squaw Tank Smoke Tree TiO 2 (wt%).3.2 CaO (wt%) K 2 O (wt%) MgO (wt%) Na 2 O (wt%) MnO (wt%) Al 2 O 3 (wt%) FeO (wt%) SiO 2 (wt%) SiO 2 (wt%) Figure 26. A comparison of major oxide concentration between Palms pluton and other nearby Cretaceous granites. Overall, the granites follow the same geochemical trends. Squaw Tank pluton has less felsic samples and trends are unclear between SiO 2 and MnO, Na 2 O, and K 2 O (additional data from Palmer, 25 ). 6
29 FeO (wt%) FeO (wt%) CaO (wt%) TiO 2 (wt%) Upper Crust Lower Crust K 2 O (wt%) SiO 2 (wt%) SiO 2 (wt%) Figure 27. A comparison of major oxide concentrations between granitic rocks above and below the sheeted complex. Compositions appear to be similar although the lower crust granitic rocks may have higher concentrations of TiO 2 and FeO (data from Brand,1985; Barth and others, 1995; Buehrer and others, 2; Palmer, 25; Wooden and Barth, unpublished data). 61
30 .5.4 Al/Zr Rb/Sr Upper Crust Lower Crust Ba/Zr Al/Zr Figure 28. A comparison of trace element concentrations between granitic rocks above and below the sheeted complex. Compositions appear similar but deeper granites are enriched in Ba. Data references are the same as figure
Spot Name U-Pb ages (Ma) Plagioclase ages (Ma) Biotite age (Ma) Whole rock age (Ma)
Table 1. Average U-Pb ages from this study in comparison with previous ages from Sherrod and Tosdal (1991, and references therein). Previous study ages are reported as ranges including uncertainty (i.e.
More informationGSA Data Repository
GSA Data Repository 2015244 1. Method of Statistical Analysis Appendix DR1 One has to be careful and use only samples with complete Sm-Eu-Gd concentration data to study Eu/Eu* in the crust. This is because
More informationOverview of the KAHT system. Ian E.M. Smith, School of Environment, University of Auckland
Overview of the KAHT system Ian E.M. Smith, School of Environment, University of Auckland Tonga-Kermadec-New Zealand Arc Developed on the Pacific - Australian convergent margin Mainly intraoceanic except
More informationGY303 Igneous & Metamorphic Petrology. Lecture 7: Magma Sources and Tectonic Environments
GY303 Igneous & Metamorphic Petrology Lecture 7: Magma Sources and Tectonic Environments Factors controlling Magma production Source rock composition Amount of fluids, especially H 2 O Pressure (Depth)
More informationLATE ARCHAEAN FELSIC ALKALINE MAGMATISM: GEOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND TECTONIC SETTING
LATE ARCHAEAN FELSIC ALKALINE MAGMATISM: GEOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND TECTONIC SETTING ZOZULYA DMITRY 1, EBY NELSON 2 1 - Geological Institute Kola Science Centre RAS, Apatity, Russia 2 - Department of Environmental,
More informationMetcalf and Buck. GSA Data Repository
GSA Data Repository 2015035 Metcalf and Buck Figure DR1. Secondary ionization mass-spectrometry U-Pb zircon geochronology plots for data collected on two samples of Wilson Ridge plutonic rocks. Data presented
More informationXM1/331 XM1/331 BLFX-3 XM1/331
a b AkC AkC strontian fluoro-apatite clinopyroxene phlogopite K-richterite XM1/331 clinopyroxene XM1/331 Fe-Ti ox c d clinopyroxene kric AkC ilmenite Sr-barite AkC XM1/331 BLFX-3 Supplementary Figure 1.
More informationCarbonatites to Alkali Granites Petrogenetic Insights from the Chilwa and Monteregian Hills-White Mountain Igneous Provinces
Carbonatites to Alkali Granites Petrogenetic Insights from the Chilwa and Monteregian Hills-White Mountain Igneous Provinces G. Nelson Eby Department of Environmental, Earth, & Atmospheric Sciences University
More informationPetrogenetic Constraints at Mount Rainier Volcano, Washington
Petrogenetic Constraints at Mount Rainier Volcano, Washington S. C. Kuehn and P. R. Hooper, Department of Geology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA A. E. Eggers and C. Kerrick, Department of Geology,
More informationLecture 36. Igneous geochemistry
Lecture 36 Igneous geochemistry Reading - White Chapter 7 Today 1. Overview 2. solid-melt distribution coefficients Igneous geochemistry The chemistry of igneous systems provides clues to a number of important
More informationEvolution of the Malko Tarnovo plutonism and its significance for the formation of the ore deposits in the region.
Evolution of the Malko Tarnovo plutonism and its significance for the formation of the ore deposits in the region. R. Nedialkov, B. Kamenov, B. Mavroudchiev, E. Tarassova, M. Popov Introduction The Malko
More informationA Rock is A group of minerals that have been put together in several different ways.
A Rock is A group of minerals that have been put together in several different ways. Depending on how they are put together, rocks are classified as: 1. Sedimentary 2. Igneous 3. Metamorphic Sedimentary
More informationDiscrimination between Archean A-type granitoids and sanukitoid suites using tectonic setting, geochemistry, and fertility type
Discrimination between Archean A-type granitoids and sanukitoid suites using tectonic setting, geochemistry, and fertility type ZOZULYA DMITRY 1, EBY NELSON 2 1 - Geological Institute Kola Science Centre
More informationGeochemistry of Mafic Dykes of Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, Southern India
http://www.e-journals.in Chemical Science Transactions DOI:10.7598/cst2014.822 2014, 3(3), 953-960 RESEARCH ARTICLE Geochemistry of Mafic Dykes of Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, Southern India D. B.
More informationPETROGENESIS OF A GRANITE XENOLITH IN THE 1.1 GA MIDCONTINENT RIFT AT SILVER BAY, MN
PETROGEESIS OF A GRAITE XEOLITH I THE 1.1 GA MIDCOTIET RIFT AT SILVER BAY, M ATALIE JUDA Macalester College Sponsor: Karl Wirth ITRODUCTIO Much of the study of the orth American 1.1 Ga Keweenawan Midcontinent
More informationPetrology and Geochronology of Iran Tepe volcano, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria: Age relationship with the Ada Tepe gold deposit. (preliminary data)
Petrology and Geochronology of Iran Tepe volcano, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria: Age relationship with the Ada Tepe gold deposit. (preliminary data) Peter Kibarov, Peter Marchev, Maria Ovtcharova, Raya Raycheva,
More information10/20/2015. How is magma different from lava? Magma is molten rock below the Earth s surface. Lava is magma that flows out onto Earth s surface.
Chapter 5 What are igneous rocks? How do they form? Igneous rocks are rocks that form when molten material cools and crystallizes. Molten material can be either magma or lava. How is magma different from
More informationLecture 3 Rocks and the Rock Cycle Dr. Shwan Omar
Rocks A naturally occurring aggregate of one or more minerals (e.g., granite), or a body of non-crystalline material (e.g., obsidian glass), or of solid organic material (e.g., coal). Rock Cycle A sequence
More informationHappy Tuesday. Pull out a ½ sheet of paper
Happy Tuesday Pull out a ½ sheet of paper 1. Physical properties of a mineral are predominantly related to 1. the external conditions of temperature, pressure, and amount of space available for growth.
More informationV. B. NAUMOV 1, V. A. KOVALENKER 2 and V. L. RUSINOV 2
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, TRACE ELEMENTS, AND VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF MELTS: EVIDENCE FROM INCLUSIONS IN THE MINERALS OF NEOVOLCANITES FROM THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN SLOVAKIA V. B. NAUMOV 1, V. A. KOVALENKER
More informationU-PB ZIRCON CONSTRAINTS ON DEFORMATION AND INTRUSION, NORTHWEST ADIRONDACK HIGHLANDS AND ADJACENT ADIRONDACK LOWLANDS, NEW YORK
U-PB ZIRCON CONSTRAINTS ON DEFORMATION AND INTRUSION, NORTHWEST ADIRONDACK HIGHLANDS AND ADJACENT ADIRONDACK LOWLANDS, NEW YORK 5 cm Bruce Selleck, Department of Geology, Colgate University Jeff Chiarenzelli,
More informationMagma fertility: Concepts and JCU research at NQ
Magma fertility: Concepts and JCU research at NQ Zhaoshan Chang*, Carl Spandler, Yanbo Cheng EGRU, JCU *Zhaoshan.chang@jcu.edu.au 27 May 2015 Townsville, Queensland, Australia Magma fertility Miners dream
More informationWhat is going on here?
Major Digression! Atoms? Elements? Compounds? Minerals? Rocks? What is going on here? Source:SERC @ Carleton College http://www.brocku.ca/earthsciences/people/gfinn/petrology/periodic.gif http://www.meta-synthesis.com/webbook/35_pt/pt_database.php?pt_id=335
More informationTrace Elements. Today s lecture
Trace Elements 300 Ni 200 ppm 100 0 300 Zr 200 100 0 40 50 60 70 80 SiO 2 wt. % Updates: M&M due date: Tuesday Today s lecture Topics: Trace element compositions Trace element behavior Partitioning Spider(
More informationEffect of tectonic setting on chemistry of mantle-derived melts
Effect of tectonic setting on chemistry of mantle-derived melts Lherzolite Basalt Factors controlling magma composition Composition of the source Partial melting process Fractional crystallization Crustal
More informationAPPENDIX TABLES. Table A2. XRF analytical results for samples from drill hole AP5 (Areachap)
APPENDIX TABLES Table A2. XRF analytical results for samples from drill hole AP5 (Areachap) Sample No. AP5/19 AP5/20 AP5/21 AP5/22 AP5/23 AP5/24 AP5/25AP5/26AP5/27AP5/28AP5/29AP5/30AP5/31AP5/32 AP5/33
More informationKent and Cooper, 2018, How well do zircons record the thermal evolution of magmatic systems?: Geology,
GSA Data Repository 2018024 Kent and Cooper, 2018, How well do zircons record the thermal evolution of magmatic systems?: Geology, https://doi.org/10.1130/g39690.1. Supplemental Text Modelling methodology
More informationRegional geology of study areas 3
1 Introduction Central part Indonesia geographically is including Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Java islands. Accretionary and metamorphic complexes expose in the Central Java, South Kalimantan and South Central
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Crustal thickness control on Sr/Y signatures of recent arc magmas: an Earth scale perspective Massimo Chiaradia Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva,
More informationLecture 6 - Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes
Lecture 6 - Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes Learning objectives Understand and be able to predict where and why magma will be forming at different tectonic settings Understand the factors controlling magma
More informationTABLE DR2. Lu-Hf ISOTOPIC DATA FOR WHOLE ROCK SAMPLES AND ZIRCONS [Lu] [Hf]
TABLE DR1. LOWER CRUSTAL GRANULITE XENOLITH DERIVATION AND MINERALOGY Sample Kimberlite Type Mineralogy KX1-1 Lace s gt + qz + sa + rt (sil, ky, gr, su, cor, zr, mz) KX1-2 Lace s gt + sa + qz + rt (sil,
More informationBulyanhulu: Anomalous gold mineralisation in the Archaean of Tanzania. Claire Chamberlain, Jamie Wilkinson, Richard Herrington, Ettienne du Plessis
Bulyanhulu: Anomalous gold mineralisation in the Archaean of Tanzania Claire Chamberlain, Jamie Wilkinson, Richard Herrington, Ettienne du Plessis Atypical Archaean gold deposits Groves et al., 2003 Regional
More informationPresent Address: Department of Geography, Geology and Planning, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA.
Geosciences 2013, 3, 633-667; doi:10.3390/geosciences3040633 Article OPEN ACCESS geosciences ISSN 2076-3263 www.mdpi.com/journal/geosciences Modification of the Continental Crust by Subduction Zone Magmatism
More informationAN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF William Robert McCulloch for. the Master of Science in Geology presented June 10, 1988
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF William Robert McCulloch for the Master of Science in Geology presented June 10, 1988 Title: MetasomatismBetween Amphibolite and Metaultramafic Rocks During Upper Amphibolite
More informationPETROGENESIS OF A SERIES OF MAFIC SHEETS WITHIN THE VINALHAVEN PLUTON, VINALHAVEN ISLAND, MAINE
PETROGENESIS OF A SERIES OF MAFIC SHEETS WITHIN THE VINALHAVEN PLUTON, VINALHAVEN ISLAND, MAINE DANIEL HAWKINS Western Kentucky University Research Advisor: Andrew Wulff INTRODUCTION Round Point, in the
More informationSummary of test results for Daya Bay rock samples. by Patrick Dobson Celia Tiemi Onishi Seiji Nakagawa
Summary of test results for Daya Bay rock samples by Patrick Dobson Celia Tiemi Onishi Seiji Nakagawa October 2004 Summary A series of analytical tests were conducted on a suite of granitic rock samples
More informationPUBLICATIONS. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
PUBLICATIONS Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems RESEARCH ARTICLE Key Points: Source and magma mixing processes are evident in continental subduction factory The heterogeneous mantle source is generated
More informationChapter IV MINERAL CHEMISTRY
Chapter IV MINERAL CHEMISTRY Chapter-IV MINERAL CHEMISTRY 4.1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter, chemical analyses of different minerals present in various rocks of Mashhad granitoid plutons have been presented.
More informationTrinitite the Atomic Rock
Trinitite the Atomic Rock Nelson Eby, EEAS, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA Norman Charnley, Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK John Smoliga, Roxbury, CT Special thanks to Robert
More informationThe Chilwa Alkaline Province, Malawi Geochemistry, Isotope Geology, and Petrogenesis
The Chilwa Alkaline Province, Malawi Geochemistry, Isotope Geology, and Petrogenesis G. N. Eby, University Massachusetts Lowell, USA A. R. Woolley, Natural History Museum, UK K. Collerson, University of
More informationnew ages improve our understanding of the timing of regional Cenozoic magmatism in a manner consistent with stratigraphic relationships.
Introduction Studies examining the relationship between magmatism and extension in the southern Basin and Range are numerous, e.g. Crowe (1978), Crowe et al. (1979), Tarshis (1982), Sherrod and Tosdal
More informationBreeding et al., Data Repository Material Figure DR1. Athens. Study Area
Breeding, Ague, and Brocker 1 Figure DR1 21 o 24 Greece o A 38 o Athens Tinos 37 o Syros Attic-Cycladic Blueschist Belt Syros Kampos B Study Area Ermoupoli N Vari Unit Cycladic HP-LT Unit Marble horizons
More informationChapter 18 - Volcanic Activity. Aka Volcano Under the City
Chapter 18 - Volcanic Activity Aka Volcano Under the City 18.1 Magma Describe factors that affect the formation of magma. Compare and contrast the different types of magma. Temperature and pressure increase
More informationVOLCANIC STRATIGRAPHY AND PETROLOGY OF THE NORTHERN SNAEFELLSNES RIFT, SOUTHERN LAXÁRDALSFJÖLL, ICELAND
VOLCANIC STRATIGRAPHY AND PETROLOGY OF THE NORTHERN SNAEFELLSNES RIFT, SOUTHERN LAXÁRDALSFJÖLL, ICELAND LEBN SCHUYLER Whitman College Sponsor: John Winter INTRODUCTION Iceland is exposed above sea level
More informationGEOLOGY GL1 Foundation Unit
Candidate Name Centre Number Candidate Number 2 General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced 451/01 GEOLOGY GL1 Foundation Unit P.M. THURSDAY, 10 January 2008 (1 hour) Examiner Question
More informationTHERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF MINERALS FROM CERRO GALAN AND CERRO BLANCO, NW ARGENTINA JOAO CARLOS LUNA GONZALEZ
THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF MINERALS FROM CERRO GALAN AND CERRO BLANCO, NW ARGENTINA by JOAO CARLOS LUNA GONZALEZ (Under the Direction of ALBERTO PATINO DOUCE) ABSTRACT Cerro Galan and Cerro Blanco are two
More informationLAB 5: COMMON MINERALS IN IGNEOUS ROCKS
EESC 2100: Mineralogy LAB 5: COMMON MINERALS IN IGNEOUS ROCKS Part 1: Minerals in Granitic Rocks Learning Objectives: Students will be able to identify the most common minerals in granitoids Students will
More informationEstelar 5.2 SORTING AND PRESENTATION OF THE GEOCHEMICAL DATABASE
Chapter 5 GEOCHEMISTRY 5.1 INTRODUCTION Geochemistry is one of the most important tools to understand the involved processes in the evolution of magmatic rocks and has vast applications in earth science
More informationMejdar Deposit Petrogenesis A Case Study of Copper Mineralization Belt in North West of Iran
Mejdar Deposit Petrogenesis A Case Study of Copper Mineralization Belt in North West of Iran Y. Vasigh 1, R. Zamani 2 1 Corresponding author: Islamic Azad University-Ardabil branch, Basij Sq., Ardabil
More informationThe High Lava Plains Project: Understanding the Causes of Continental Intraplate Tectonomagmatism
The High Lava Plains Project: Understanding the Causes of Continental Intraplate Tectonomagmatism The High Lava Plains (HLP) of the northwestern USA is one of the most accessible yet least understood examples
More informationChapter 4 Rocks & Igneous Rocks
Chapter 4 Rocks & Igneous Rocks Rock Definition A naturally occurring consolidated mixture of one or more minerals e.g, marble, granite, sandstone, limestone Rock Definition Must naturally occur in nature,
More informationThursday, October 4 th
Thursday, October 4 th Objective: We will use and define the different ways to classify igneous rocks. Warm-up: 1. Which type of lava is most viscous? 2. Which type of lava has the least amount of silicate?
More informationShortcuts to mineral formulae
Silicates JD Price Silicate Structure Silicate Structure (SiO2) Shortcuts to mineral formulae W cations with 8- (Ca 2+, Fe 2+, Mn 2+, Na + ) to 12-fold coordination (K +, Ba 2+ ) X divalent cations in
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 Map of the study area Sample locations and main physiographic features of the study area. Contour interval is 200m (a) and 40m
Supplementary Figure 1 Map of the study area Sample locations and main physiographic features of the study area. Contour interval is 200m (a) and 40m (b). Dashed lines represent the two successive ridge
More informationIgneous Rocks. Igneous Rocks. Genetic Classification of
Igneous Rocks Fig. 5.1 Genetic Classification of Igneous Rocks Intrusive: crystallized from slowly cooling magma intruded within the Earth s crust; e.g. granite, gabbro 1 Fig. 5.2 Genetic Classification
More informationCEE 437 Lecture 10 Rock Classification. Thomas Doe
CEE 437 Lecture 10 Rock Classification Thomas Doe Igneous Origins Intrusive Batholithic or plutonic: phaneritic Dikes or sills that chill rapidly: aphanitic Extrusive deposition as melt (lava) pyroclastic
More informationEPMA IMAGES. Figure 9. Energy-dispersive spectra of spot mineral analyses in sample 89GGR-33A for locations 1-5 in Figure 8.
EPMA IMAGES The attached images and mineral data can be used to supplement an instrument-based lab, or serve as the basis for lab that can be completed without an instrument. Please provide credit for
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NGEO1250 Intensive hydration of the mantle transition zone beneath China caused by ancient slab stagnation Takeshi Kuritani 1,2 *, Eiji Ohtani 1, and Jun-Ichi Kimura
More informationMAFIC MICROGRANULAR ENCLAVES IN A COARSE GRAINED GRANITE, VINALHAVEN ISLAND, MAINE: EVIDENCE FOR SILICIC MAGMA CHAMBER EVOLUTION
MAFIC MICROGRANULAR ENCLAVES IN A COARSE GRAINED GRANITE, VINALHAVEN ISLAND, MAINE: EVIDENCE FOR SILICIC MAGMA CHAMBER EVOLUTION WILLIAM GUENTHNER Carleton College Research Advisor: Bereket Haileab INTRODUCTION
More informationGSA DATA REPOSITORY
GSA DATA REPOSITORY 2012161 Allan et al. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Summary of Magma Types Table DR1 summarizes some of the key petrologic, geochemical and physical characteristics of the three magma types
More informationChapter 3 Time and Geology
Chapter 3 Time and Geology Methods of Dating Rocks 1. Relative dating - Using fundamental principles of geology (Steno's Laws, Fossil Succession, etc.) to determine the relative ages of rocks (which rocks
More informationN = N 0 e -λt D* = N 0 -N D* = N 0 (1-e -λt ) or N(e λt -1) where N is number of parent atoms at time t, N 0
N = N 0 e -λt D* = N 0 -N D* = N 0 (1-e -λt ) or N(e λt -1) where N is number of parent atoms at time t, N 0 is initial number of parents, D* is number of radiogenic daughter atoms, and λ is the decay
More informationRocks: Materials of the Solid Earth
1 Rocks: Materials of the Solid Earth Presentation modified from: Instructor Resource Center on CD-ROM, Foundations of Earth Science,, 4 th Edition, Lutgens/Tarbuck, Rock Cycle Igneous Rocks Today 2 Rock
More information2812 *address correspondence to: File DR1: Detailed description of U-Pb and Hf-isotope results from each sample
Sauer, K.B., Gordon, S.M., Miller, R.B., Vervoort, J.D., and Fisher, C.M., 2018, Provenance and metamorphism of the Swakane Gneiss: Implications for incorporation of sediment into the deep levels of the
More informationLecture 38. Igneous geochemistry. Read White Chapter 7 if you haven t already
Lecture 38 Igneous geochemistry Read White Chapter 7 if you haven t already Today. Magma mixing/afc 2. Spot light on using the Rare Earth Elements (REE) to constrain mantle sources and conditions of petrogenesis
More informationA) B) C) D) 4. Which diagram below best represents the pattern of magnetic orientation in the seafloor on the west (left) side of the ocean ridge?
1. Crustal formation, which may cause the widening of an ocean, is most likely occurring at the boundary between the A) African Plate and the Eurasian Plate B) Pacific Plate and the Philippine Plate C)
More informationGeochemistry of Permian rocks of the Yukon-Tanana terrane, western Yukon: GEM 2 Cordillera project
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA OPEN FILE 8170 Geochemistry of Permian rocks of the Yukon-Tanana terrane, western Yukon: GEM 2 Cordillera project D. Milidragovic, J.J. Ryan, A. Zagorevski, S.J. Piercey 2016
More informationWorked Example of Batch Melting: Rb and Sr
Worked Example of Batch Melting: Rb and Sr Basalt with the mode: Table 9.2. Conversion from mode to weight percent Mineral Mode Density Wt prop Wt% ol 15 3.6 54 0.18 cpx 33 3.4 112.2 0.37 plag 51 2.7 137.7
More informationTo get you thinking What natural process is responsible for the appearance of these rocks? Rocks and the Rock Cycle
To get you thinking What natural process is responsible for the appearance of these rocks? Rocks and the Rock Cycle Bell Ringer Name the 3 types of rock. Is one type of rock able to change into a different
More informationCrustal Recycling of Metamorphic Basement: Late Palaeozoic Granitoids of Northern Chile (~22 S). Implications for the Composition of the Andean Crust
JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY VOLUME 40 NUMBER 10 PAGES 1527 1551 1999 Crustal Recycling of Metamorphic Basement: Late Palaeozoic Granitoids of Northern Chile (~22 S). Implications for the Composition of the Andean
More information5. Compare the density of the oceanic crust to continental crust. 6. What kind of plate boundary is this? convergent
The youngest rock is in the middle (at ridge) and it gets older on either side as you move away in a symmetrical pattern. 1. How does the age of the seafloor compare on either side of the ridge? A = youngest
More informationPROVENANCE OF A GARNET-RICH BEACH PLACER DEPOSIT, MONTAUK POINT, LONG ISLAND, NY
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research York College Fall 10-23-2006 PROVENANCE OF A GARNET-RICH BEACH PLACER DEPOSIT, MONTAUK POINT, LONG ISLAND, NY Nazrul I.
More informationFigure DR-1. Spider diagram for mafic volcanic rocks from the Channel Islands located off the coast of southern California (Weigand et al (1998).
DR2014173 Figure DR-1. Spider diagram for mafic volcanic rocks from the Channel Islands located off the coast of southern California (Weigand et al (1998). Figure DR-2. Spider diagram for averages of Neogene
More informationMagma Formation and Behavior
Magma Formation and Behavior Questions What causes mantle rock to melt, resulting in magma formation? Why is magma formation restricted to specific plate tectonic settings? Why are mafic (basaltic) magmas
More informationTreatment of Data. Methods of determining analytical error -Counting statistics -Reproducibility of reference materials -Homogeneity of sample
Treatment of Data Methods of determining analytical error -Counting statistics -Reproducibility of reference materials -Homogeneity of sample Detection Limits Assessment of analytical quality -Analytical
More informationData Repository for 40 Ar/ 39 Ar Age Constraints on the Duration of Resurgence at the Valles Caldera, New Mexico
Open File Report OF-AR-6 New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources A division of New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Data Repository for Ar/ 39 Ar Age Constraints on the Duration of
More informationThe Composition of the Continental Crust
The Composition of the Continental Crust Roberta L. Rudnick Geochemistry Laboratory Department of Geology University of Maryland Apollo 17 view of Earth Rationale: Why is studying crust composition important?
More informationUnit 2 Exam: Rocks & Minerals
Name: Date: 1. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the 2001 edition of the Earth Science Reference Tables, the map and cross section below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The shaded
More informationAnswers. Rocks. Year 8 Science Chapter 8
Answers Rocks Year 8 Science Chapter 8 p171 1 Rocks are made up of minerals such as quartz, feldspars, micas, and calcite. Different rocks are made up of different combinations of minerals. 2 Igneous,
More informationGLY 155 Introduction to Physical Geology, W. Altermann. Grotzinger Jordan. Understanding Earth. Sixth Edition
Grotzinger Jordan Understanding Earth Sixth Edition Chapter 4: IGNEOUS ROCKS Solids from Melts 2011 by W. H. Freeman and Company Chapter 4: Igneous Rocks: Solids from Melts 1 About Igneous Rocks Igneous
More information2 Britain s oldest rocks: remnants of
Britain s oldest rocks: remnants of Archaean crust 15 2 Britain s oldest rocks: remnants of Archaean crust 2.1 Introduction Owing to the complex nature of extremely old deformed rocks, the standard methods
More informationLecture 25 Subduction Related Magmatism
Lecture 25 Subduction Related Magmatism Monday, May 2 nd 2005 Subduction Related Magmatism Activity along arcuate volcanic chains along subduction zones Distinctly different from the mainly basaltic provinces
More informationChemical Analysis of Anorthosites near Silver Bay, MN. Andrea Oswald Petrology 422, NDSU Spring 2016
Chemical Analysis of Anorthosites near Silver Bay, MN Andrea Oswald Petrology 422, NDSU Spring 2016 Outline Background Location Previous work Hypothesis Methods Results Discussion Conclusion Anorthosite
More informationGEOL 2312 Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology Spring 2016 Score / 58. Midterm 1 Chapters 1-10
GEOL 2312 Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology Name KEY Spring 2016 Score / 58 Midterm 1 Chapters 1-10 1) Name two things that petrologists want to know about magmas (1 pt) Formation, source, composition,
More informationIgneous and Metamorphic Rock Forming Minerals. Department of Geology Mr. Victor Tibane SGM 210_2013
Igneous and Metamorphic Rock Forming Minerals Department of Geology Mr. Victor Tibane 1 SGM 210_2013 Grotzinger Jordan Understanding Earth Sixth Edition Chapter 4: IGNEOUS ROCKS Solids from Melts 2011
More informationThe Genesis of Kurišková U-Mo ore deposits. Rastislav Demko, Štefan Ferenc, Adrián Biroň, Ladislav Novotný & Boris Bartalský
The Genesis of Kurišková U-Mo ore deposits Rastislav Demko, Štefan Ferenc, Adrián Biroň, Ladislav Novotný & Boris Bartalský Kurišková project development Uranium (uranium ore) has higher value in comparison
More informationMACRORYTHMIC GABBRO TO GRANITE CYCLES OF CLAM COVE VINALHAVEN INTRUSION, MAINE
MACRORYTHMIC GABBRO TO GRANITE CYCLES OF CLAM COVE VINALHAVEN INTRUSION, MAINE NICK CUBA Amherst College Sponsor: Peter Crowley INTRODUCTION The rocks of the layered gabbro-diorite unit of the Silurian
More information9/4/2015. Feldspars White, pink, variable Clays White perfect Quartz Colourless, white, red, None
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY Chapter 1.0: Introduction to engineering geology Chapter 2.0: Rock classification Igneous rocks Sedimentary rocks Metamorphic rocks Chapter 3.0: Weathering & soils Chapter 4.0: Geological
More informationBe is produced by reactions of cosmic ray protons with N 2 and O 2 in the upper atmosphere
10 Be is produced by reactions of cosmic ray protons with N 2 and O 2 in the upper atmosphere 10 Be Be is a particle reactive element becomes concentrated in clayrich oceanic sediments 10 Be then undergoes
More informationRocks Rock- A group of minerals, glass, mineroid bound together in some way.
Rocks Rock- A group of minerals, glass, mineroid bound together in some way. All rocks fit into one of three categories: Igneous- formed by the cooling and hardening of hot molten rock Sedimentary- formed
More informationSilicate Atmospheres, Clouds, and Fractional Vaporization of Hot Earth-like Exoplanets
Silicate Atmospheres, Clouds, and Fractional Vaporization of Hot Earth-like Exoplanets Laura Schaefer and Bruce Fegley, Jr. Planetary Chemistry Laboratory Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington
More informationRegional and local variations in geochemistry and tectonics along and across Central America
Regional and local variations in geochemistry and tectonics along and across Central America Michael J. Carr, Department of Geological Sciences, Wright Lab Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Rd., Piscataway
More informationLab Activity Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Lab Activity Mid-Atlantic Ridge Key Features: Constructing Profiles of: Atlantic Ocean floor Age of the Atlantic Ocean bedrock Magnetic Polarity of ocean bedrock By Kaitlin Coder https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/store/nys-earth-science-and-living-environment-regents
More informationTHE ORIPÄÄ GRANITE, SW FINLAND: CHARACTERIZATION AND SIGNIFICANCE IN TERMS OF SVECOFENNIAN CRUSTAL EVOLUTION
103 THE ORIPÄÄ GRANITE, SW FINLAND: CHARACTERIZATION AND SIGNIFICANCE IN TERMS OF SVECOFENNIAN CRUSTAL EVOLUTION TAPANI RÄMÖ and MIKKO NIRONEN RÄMÖ, TAPANI and NIRONEN, MIKKO 2001. The Oripää granite,
More informationPlate tectonics, rock cycle
Dikes, Antarctica Rock Cycle Plate tectonics, rock cycle The Rock Cycle A rock is a naturally formed, consolidated material usually composed of grains of one or more minerals The rock cycle shows how one
More informationDetermination of tectonomagmatic environment of volcanic and subvolcanic rocks in North of Shahrekord by amphiboles geothermobarometry
Vol. 17, No. 2, Summer 1388/2009 Determination of tectonomagmatic environment of volcanic and subvolcanic rocks in North of Shahrekord by amphiboles geothermobarometry N. Emami 1, M. Khalili 2, M. Noghreyan
More informationDifferentiation 2: mantle, crust OUTLINE
Differentiation 2: mantle, crust OUTLINE Reading this week: Should have been White Ch 10 and 11!! 7- Nov Differentiation of the Earth, Core formation W 10.6.6, 11.4 9- Nov Moon, crust, mantle, atmosphere
More informationDR Item Table DR1. Sample no Rock-type Oxide, wt% Trace Elements, ppm REE, ppm
DR Item 2017318 for Sarıfakıoğlu, E., Dilek, Y., and Sevin, M., 2017, New synthesis of the Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone and the Ankara mélange in northern Anatolia based on new geochemical and geochronological
More informationAppendix 07 Principal components analysis
Appendix 07 Principal components analysis Data Analysis by Eric Grunsky The chemical analyses data were imported into the R (www.r-project.org) statistical processing environment for an evaluation of possible
More informationStructure of the Earth
And the ROCK CYCLE Structure of the Earth Compositional (Chemical) Layers Crust: Low density High in silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) Moho: Density boundary between crust and mantle Mantle: Higher density High
More information