The Genesis of Kurišková U-Mo ore deposits. Rastislav Demko, Štefan Ferenc, Adrián Biroň, Ladislav Novotný & Boris Bartalský
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1 The Genesis of Kurišková U-Mo ore deposits Rastislav Demko, Štefan Ferenc, Adrián Biroň, Ladislav Novotný & Boris Bartalský
2 Kurišková project development Uranium (uranium ore) has higher value in comparison with coal Nuclear Energy is important for Slovakia Kuriškova is a deposit in exploration development stage with highest uranium grade in the Europe, and one of the best in the world. The deposit contains another strategic product, molybdenum. Kuriškova deposit can be a secure energy source for Slovakia for tens of years and will bring stability and development of nuclear energy in the terms of approved 2008 Energy policy for Slovakia. Deposit contains approximately 15 thousand tons of uranium, this amount represents 50 years Slovakia consumption. (Slovakia needs 300 t U/year). Deposit has potential to grow with ongoing exploration. Slovakia can be back on a Energy map of Europe; not only as 100 % independent state but as an active contributor to Energy system of EU.
3 Resources of Kurišková U-Mo deposit were tripled during modern EUU exploration
4 THE MAIN TOPICS OF PRESENTATION: location of U-Mo Kurišková deposits Lithological and stratigraphical characterization of host rock complex Metamorphism and alteration overprint / ore formation Tectonic deformation of host rock complex Position of ore precipitation Characteristic of U-Mo mineralization Geochemistry of U-Mo ore Geochronology of ore forming processes Model of petrogenetic processes resulted U-Mo ore formation
5 General Location Map of the Kuriskova U-Mo deposit
6 General cross section of the Kurišková deposit Underground resources of high grade ore Potential of deposit open to the depth and to the strike Preliminary Assessment June, 2009 Update of resource calculation, March 2011 Prefeasibility study, March old holes 124 new holes 56,000 m of the drill core
7
8 Petrography of basalte volcanics Textures : porphyric, hyalopilitic, trachytic Phenocryste association: Cpx + Pl + Ilm + Ol? + Amf? Alteration: extensive chloritization and carbonation Petrography of acid volcanic rocks Peraluminious dacites and rhyolites: Textures: porphyric to glomeroporphyric with glassy or hyaline matrix Phenocryste association: Qtz Pl Kfs Bt - Amf
9 1000 Geochemical character of bimodal basalt dacite / rhyolite volcanism Na2O + K2O wt.% B BA A D / RD Alkaline Subalkaline R 1000 REE / C La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu KG-J KG-J-1A SiO 2 wt.% 100 KG-J-1a KG-J KG-J MB-4 KG-J-1A KG-J-1A KG-J-1A KG-J KG-J Subalkaline basalt to basaltic andesites High MgO 8,8-10 wt.%; none Eu anomalies Ni >200 ppm, Cr > 400ppm 1 primitive undifferentiated mantle melts, similar to boninites 0,2 % TiO 2 < 0,7 % 10 Peraluminious rhyolites of High-K magmatic series 0,1 Cs Rb Ba Th U Nb Ta K La Ce Pb Pr Sr Nd Zr Hf Sm Eu Ti Dy Y Yb
10 greywacke sandstone siltstone Mudstone claystone Change of sedimentation conditions, slightly deformed mudstone Change of sedimentation conditions Change of sedimentation conditions
11 Petrographycal overview of deformation structures recorded in host rock complex Deformed basaltic tuff, sheared zones with chlorite infilling Fe-Chl Mylonite after metabasalt Tectonic pullapart structure infilled by Chl+Cal Mg- Chl Slightly deformed claystone Deformed metamorphic vein with recrystallised Chl+Cal Qtz Cal vein recrystallization during prograde mylonitization
12 200 C 200 C 200 C hydrothermal alteration halo 200 C
13 Mineralogical composition of Kurišková U-Mo deposit Principal U-Mo ore forming minerals: uraninite, coffinite, molybdenite with accessory U-Ti-As, U-Ti-As and brannerite Sulphidic minerals: pyrite, Cu-Pb-Sb suphosalt, tetraedrite, tennantite, chalkopyrite, galenite, gersdorffite, enargite, bornite, chalkozine, roxbyite, CuxFeySz, covellite Gangue minerals: quartz, carbonate, chlorite, apatite There are not principal mineralogical differences between a different deposit layers, except for a small volume of brannerite occurrence in host metabasalt Š.Ferenc et al., 2007, 2008, 2010 Chemical composition of uranium minerals
14 Radiograms showing different type of uranium distribution in host rocks, tectonic relation Uniform distributed in metatufitic rock Stratiform like distribution in metamorphic Vein mineralization infilling brittle deformation zones. foliation (in clastic sediment) Precipitation and remobilization of U minerals during dynamic deformation of host rock complex
15 Geochemistry of U-Mo Kurišková deposits K2O hmot.% FeO hmot.% Na 2 O hmot.% k = 0, k = 0, Mg-Fe(1) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(1) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(3) Mg-Fe(2) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(2) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(4) 1 Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(5) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(6) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K (7) Lineárny (Mg-Fe(2)) Lineárny (Mg-Fe(1)) MgO hmot.% Mg-Fe(1) / Na-K(1) Mg-Fe(1) / Na-K(2) Mg-Fe(1) / Na-K(3) Mg-Fe(1) / Na-K(4) Mg-Fe(1) / Na-K(5) Mg-Fe(1) / Na-K(6) Mg-Fe(1) / Na-K(7) Mg-Fe(2) / Na-K(1) Mg-Fe(2) / Na-K(2) Mg-Fe(2) / Na-K(4) Mg-Fe(2) / Na-K(5) Mg-Fe(2) / Na-K(6) Mg-Fe(2) / Na-K(7) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(1) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(2) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(3) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(4) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(5) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(6) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(7) Na 2 O Mg-Fe (3) / Na-K (1) Mg-Fe (2) / Na-K (6) Mg-Fe (3) / Na-K (5) 100 x U K 2 O
16 Important geochemical correlation U: Mg-Fe(1): P(0,91); Pb(0,93); Tb(0,83); Y(0,76); Yb(0,63) Mg-Fe(2): P(0,94); Pb(0,95); Tb(0,7); Y(0,86); Yb(0,85); Mo(0,61); Mg-Fe(3): P(0,53); Pb(0,96); Tb(0,6); Y(0,71); Yb(0,66) 10 9 FeO hmot.% Mg-Fe(1) Mg-Fe(2) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(1) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(2) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(3) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(4) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(5) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(6) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K (7) Lineárny (Mg-Fe(2)) Lineárny (Mg-Fe(1)) MgO hmot.% k = 0,57 k = 0,56 La/Yb Mg-Fe(1) / Na-K(1) Mg-Fe(1) / Na-K(2) Mg-Fe(1) / Na-K(3) Mg-Fe(1) / Na-K(4) Mg-Fe(1) / Na-K(5) Mg-Fe(1) / Na-K(6) Mg-Fe(1) / Na-K(7) Mg-Fe(2) / Na-K(1) Mg-Fe(2) / Na-K(2) Mg-Fe(2) / Na-K(4) Mg-Fe(2) / Na-K(5) Mg-Fe(2) / Na-K(6) Mg-Fe(2) / Na-K(7) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(1) 10 Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(2) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(3) 0 0,0001 0, U hmot.% Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(4) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(5) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(6) Mg-Fe(3) / Na-K(7)
17 U-Mo compositional variability in Kurišková U-Mo ore deposit Mg-Fe (1) metatufitic high-mg group r = 0,31 Mg-Fe (2) metabasalt medium-mg group r = 0,61 Mg-Fe (3) metasediment low-mg group r = 0,57 rock U vol.% Mo vol.% Mo Mo U vol.% > Mo vol.% Ur Mo
18 Different relationship between apatite crystals and uraninite-cofinite mineralization
19 Geochronology of U-Mo ores in Kurišková deposits, EMP U-Pb uraninite dating Ma starting of the first ore forming processes Ma main ore forming processes in C, 200Ma - climate changed for humid condition, main U-ore forming epoch Š.Ferenc et al., 2007, 2008, 2010 < 160 Ma and < 40 Ma - Uranium remobilization, and deposit maturation
20 CONCLUSIONS, model of U-Mo Kurišková deposit 1. The Permian evolution of bimodal basalt rhyolite volcanism and sedimentation in continental fluvial near sea paleoenvironment conditions 2. Burial metamorphism of host rock complex in greenschist facies ~ 350 C 3. Tectonic exhumation and deformation of host rock complex 4. Leaching of U-Mo from the Permian glassy rhyolitic rocks by infiltrated water ~ 200 Ma on Triassic Jurassic boundary 5. Transport and contemporaneous infiltration of U-Mo bearing waters into opening tectonic structures 6. Ore precipitation in suitable tectonically and mechanical (basalte body) environment and geochemical barriers (sorption on apatite crystals and reduction in chlorite rich zones in condition 200 C. 7. Ore maturation and restricted ore remobilization in fluctuated Eh-pH condition in current deposit space
21 Thanks for your attention! The research studies were supported by companies European Uranium Resources ltd. and Ludovika Energy s.r.o. during years between
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