Abstract. Introduction

Transcription

1 Apprent chnge of position of light source reltive to detector/observer due to rottion nd ccelertion - new interprettion nd nlysis of Michelson-Morley nd gnc experiments Abstrct Henok Tdesse, Electricl Engineer, Bc. Ethiopi, ebrezeit, P.O Box 412 Mobile phone: emil: entkidmt@ yhoo.com or wchmr@gmil.com Jnury 21, 2014 To detector on rotting gnc device, the source ppers to be frther wy when 'looking' in the bckwrd direction thn when 'looking' in the forwrd direction. The effect of rottion is just to crete n pprent chnge in the position of the source reltive to the detector, in proportion to the ngulr velocity of the device. This pper does not present ny new mthemticl nlysis for the difference between pth lengths of the forwrd nd bckwrd light bems in the gnc interferometer. The well known eqution for the difference in pth lengths, 4ωA / C, is given new interprettion. The new interprettion in this pper is tht the pprent source is lwys t the center of the wve fronts. Regrding the Michelson- Morley (MM) experiment, this pper presents surprising result: no fringe shift will occur even on n ccelerted MM device, in contrst to the title of this pper! This is becuse the pprent shift of the position of the source reltive to the detector hs the sme, common effect on the time delys of both light bems. The pth length of both the forwrd nd lterl bems re ffected eqully. This pper, together with the Reltivity of Electromgnetic Wves theory [1] which ws proposed erlier by this uthor, provides new theoreticl frmework which cn explin ll or most of the phenomen nd experiments relted to the speed of light. The new theoreticl frmework is fusion between Ritz's emission theory nd Einstein's light postulte, together with truly empty notion of spce. Introduction There is no theory or postulte of light so fr tht cn explin ll the observed phenomen nd experiments on the speed of light AN with out invoking unintuitive hypotheses nd bizrre consequences. The ether theory hs been ruled out by the fmous Michelson-Morley experiment. Ritz's emission theory hs been ruled out by the mny experiments tht estblished the source speed independence of the speed of light nd by the gnc effect. pecil Reltivity better grees with experiments nd observtions but it introduces the unintuitive hypotheses of length contrction nd time diltion (or reltivity of spce nd time). Moreover, it doesn't predict stellr berrtion in the erth bound reference frme [2]. A closer exmintion of R revels tht it is bsed on n implicit ssumption of the ether nd does not completely get rid of the ether hypothesis s climed. Moon nd pencer's Universl Time Postulte is not in greement with the fct tht the speed of light is independent of the speed of its source. Moreover, it hs consequence tht ccelertion of the source is felt instntneously t ll points (distnces) from the source. Perhps the contrdiction between gnc effect nd the Michelson-Morley experiments hs been the most chllenging problem relted to the speed of light. The Reltivity of Electromgnetic Wves theory [1] proposed erlier by this uthor explins most experiments nd phenomen relted to the speed of light except the gnc effect. The Reltivity of Electromgnetic Wves theory nd the new theory proposed in this pper form new theoreticl frme work tht cn explin ll or most experiments nd phenomen relted to the speed of light.

2 iscussion gnc's experiment Imgine stick of length L with light source fixed to one of its ends nd detector fixed to its other end (Fig.1). If the stick is moving inertilly (neither ccelerting nor rotting), light pulse emitted by the source will trvel pth of length L nd will be detected fter time dely of L/C, where C is the speed of light. L R Fig.1 uppose tht the stick is rotting bout some center in the clockwise direction s shown in the figure. (Fig. 2) ' ω ' Fig.2 The source nd the detector re t points nd respectively, t n instnt of time T. At time instnt T, the detector is detecting light (red line) which ws emitted t n erlier instnt of time T ' (red line). At time T ' the source nd the detector were t points ' nd ' respectively. There is nothing new in the bove nlysis, but new interprettion is introduced in this pper.

3 The new interprettion is stted s: To the detector, the light source ppers to be t position ' reltive to the detector, t distnce L' from the detector. This is gin interpreted s: the center of the wve fronts is lwys t the pprent source ' nd moves with the pprent source '. The procedure to nlyze this problem is first to determine the pprent position ' of the source reltive to the detector, which includes the pprent distnce L', nd then nlyze the problem s if the device is sttionry (i.e. not rotting). This sme bsic pproch will pply in the nlysis of gnc's experiment. The difference between the pth lengths of the forwrd nd bckwrd light bems in gnc's interferometer is determined from the well known eqution: Δ = ( 4ωA) / C In this pper we will not ttempt to re-derive this eqution. A new interprettion of this result is proposed in this pper s follows: The source ppers to be shifted towrds the detector by hlf this mount 's seen by the detector' in the forwrd direction nd it ppers to be shifted wy from the detector by hlf this mount 's seen by the detector' in the bckwrd direction. The key interprettion in this pper is tht the pprent source is lwys t the center of the wve fronts. The effect of rottion is just to crete n pprent chnge in the position of the source reltive to the observer. The consequences of this interprettion re: 1. Although the center of the wve fronts lwys moves with the pprent source, it is still possible to explin the fringe shift. 2. The speed of light reltive to the detector (nd reltive to ll detectors/observers), in vcuum is lwys constnt C. Michelson-Morley experiment In this pper, new wy of nlyzing Michelson Morley experiment is proposed. Imgine stick of length L, with light source fixed t its rer end nd detector fixed t its front end (Fig.3). Δ = ½.. t 2 L Fig.3 C. t

4 If the stick moves inertilly, light pulse emitted by the source hs to trvel pth of length L before it is received by the detector. Hence, the light pulse will be detected fter time dely of L/C, where C is the speed of light. If the stick is ccelerting forwrd long its xis, however, the light pulse hs to trvel n extr distnce which is ½.. t 2, where is the ccelertion nd t is the time intervl between emission nd reception, which is to be determined from the eqution: C. t - 1/2.. t 2 = L. The vlid solution to this qudrtic eqution is t = ( 1/). ( C - ( C 2-2L) 1/2 ) The extr distnce is determined by the ccelertion nd the length of the rod. The new interprettion is : to the detector, the position of the source ppers to be shifted wy reltive to the detector by n mount equl to the extr distnce, ½.. t 2. The pprent source is lwys t the center of the wve fronts. Let us try to nlyze the Michelson - Morley experiment (MMX) by pplying the bove theory. At first sight, it might seem tht fringe shift should be observed on n ccelerting Michelson-Morley device. However, little creful thought revels tht no fringe shift will occur even during ccelertion. This is becuse the pprent shift of the source is lwys common to both the forwrd nd the lterl bems (Fig.4). Both the forwrd nd lterl bems re ffected eqully. Therefore, ccording to this theory, no fringe shift will be observed however lrge the ccelertion is. Δ = ½.. t 2 Fig.4 The effect of ccelertion on n MMX is to crete chnge in pth length nd hence chnge in time dely between emission nd reception, in the sme wy to both bems. A kind of MMX thought experiment in which ccelertion cn result in fringe shift is explined s follows (Fig.5). 1 nd 2 re two coherent light sources ech t distnce from the reflector. The difference between the pth lengths (the difference b/n length of the two red lines) of the two bems will be: Δ = ( 2 + (1/2.. t 2 ) 2 ) 1/2 - ( - ½.. t 2 )

5 ½.. t ½.. t 2 Fig.5 The procedure of nlysis of gnc's nd Michelson-Morley's experiments nd thought experiments of the bove kind is first to determine the pprent position of the source reltive to the detector, then replce the rel source with n pprent source t the pprent position nd then nlyze the experiment s if the device is sttionry (i.e. not rotting or not ccelerting). This pper, together with previous pper in which the Reltivity of Electromgnetic Wves theory [1] ws proposed by this uthor, provides new theoreticl frmework which cn explin ll or most of the phenomen nd experiments on the speed of light. The new theoreticl frmework is fusion between Ritz's emission theory nd Einstein's light postulte, together with truly empty notion of spce. pecil Reltivity (R) is theory which is bsed on n implicit ssumption of the ether. The new theory hs the feture of Ritz's emission theory in tht the center of the wve fronts lwys moves with the pprent source, without creting Willem de itter's bizrre effects with binry strs. The new theory hs the feture of Einstein's light postulte in tht the speed of light reltive to ny observer is lwys constnt, despite the fct tht the center of the wve fronts lwys moves with the pprent source. The speed of light is independent of the velocity of the source nd the velocity of the observer. The new theory gives new interprettion to Einstein's light postulte with out the need of length contrction time diltion hypotheses. Conclusion This pper introduces new wy of explining the two well known experiments. The mthemticl nlysis of gnc s effect is well known. Wht ws wrong ws the interprettion. The bsence of fringe shift on the Michelson-Morley experiment hs never been explined so s to bring n end to the controversies. In this pper, new wy of nlyzing the MMX hs been introduced. The key interprettion introduced in this pper is tht rottion nd ccelertion result in n pprent chnge in the position of the light source reltive to the detector. Alwys thnks to God nd His Mother, Our Ldy int Virgin Mry. References nd notes 1. ' A novel solution to the century old light speed prdox. ivorce of the light postulte from pecil Reltivity; Reltivity of Electromgnetic Fields/ Wves' tellr Aberrtion nd the Postultes on the Velocity of Light, by omin Eberle pencer nd Um Y. hm