Exawatt Prospects in Russia: XCELS

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/6/0 Exawatt Prospects in Russia: XCELS A.G.Litva, A.M.Sergeev, A.A.Shayin, E.A.Khazanov Institute of Applie Physics of Russian Acaemy of Sciences, 46 Uljanov st.

1 /6/0 Exawatt Prospects in Russia: XCELS A.G.Litva, A.M.Sergeev, A.A.Shayin, E.A.Khazanov Institute of Applie Physics of Russian Acaemy of Sciences, 46 Uljanov st., Nizhny Novgoro, Russia IZEST, Strathclye, Ascent from PEARL to XCELS PEARL 0.5 PW Front-en for XCELS-Proto 007 IAP PEARL 5 PW Technological upgrae of PEARL 03 IAP XCELS - Proto x PW Scaling of PEARL to 30 cm DKDP 06 IAP XCELS x 5 PW Final 09 XCELS

2 /6/0 Ascent from PEARL to XCELS PEARL 0.5 PW Front-en for XCELS-Proto 007 IAP PEARL 5 PW Technological upgrae of PEARL 03 IAP XCELS - Proto x PW Scaling of PEARL to 30 cm DKDP 06 IAP XCELS x 5 PW Final 09 XCELS From PEARL to PEARL 3 cascaes of parametric amplification in DKDP crystals (the final stage with aperture D= cm) provies total amplification gain

3 /6/0 3 Ultrabroaban e o+o synchronism in DKDP crystals Ultrabroaban e o+o synchronism in DKDP crystals

4 /6/0 4 Ultrabroaban e o+o synchronism in DKDP crystals Ultrabroaban e o+o synchronism in DKDP crystals At pumping with secon harmonic of N:glass laser ( 3 = 57 nm) in euterize crystal (85%) the ultrabroaban synchronism = 9 nm, = 50 нм, 3 =37,5 0, 3 =

Amplification of signal /6/0 Ultrabroaban e o+o synchronism in DKDP crystals Streche signal pulse ОРСРА is well unerstoo an escribe in 3 plane wave approximation Ultrabroaban e o+o synchronism in

5 Amplification of signal /6/0 Ultrabroaban e o+o synchronism in DKDP crystals Streche signal pulse ОРСРА is well unerstoo an escribe in 3 plane wave approximation Ultrabroaban e o+o synchronism in DKDP crystals sh BL G L BL B = (I 3 ) / Nonsaturate photon number gain in signal wave Amplification coefficient Wave coupling coefficient Ban with 000 L = 7cm signal = 9nm injecte signal 55 fs mismatch n, cm - 5

Growth rate Pulse uration 45 fs 5 fs Pump laser ω (57 micron, ns) 80 J 70 J cascaes Crystal size x cm.

6 /6/0 From PEARL to PEARL Pulse uration: autocorrelation function 4J/43fs=0.56PW Focusable to Спектр импульса W/сm Beam profile: near an far zone From PEARL to PEARL PEARL PEARL Growth rate Pulse uration 45 fs 5 fs Pump laser ω (57 micron, ns) 80 J 70 J cascaes Crystal size x cm.5x.5 cm.5 Efficiency (compresse) 5% 5% PW x x x.5 x.6 = 5 PW PEARL-: Increasing OPCPA power of PEARL facility in times 6

government among 6 mega science projects to be constructe by 00.

7 /6/0 From PEARL to PEARL 4 cascaes of parametric amplification in DKDP crystals ( final stages with aperture D=.5 cm) to provie total amplification gain XCELS XCELS- EXawatt Center for Extreme Light Stuies is a new research infrastructure selecte by the Russian government among 6 mega science projects to be constructe by 00. XCELS is base on a new laser facility comprising of amplification channels, each of them proviing 400 J, 5 fs pulses, with the total pulse power of almost 00 PW. A new research institute will be built aroun this laser facility. channels 5 PW each 400 J, 5 fs, 9 nm Quality: 3 ivergence limits Phasing: T/ 7

beam quality an coherent combining First prototyping stage - XCELS-Proto - two channel laser

8 /6/0 XCELS Main Technological Issues: Scaling of PEARL to 30 cm aperture DKDP crystal -3 J N:glass pump lasers separate amplifying chains with share front-en Aaptive optics to provie beam quality an coherent combining First prototyping stage - XCELS-Proto - two channel laser facility to be built at IAP RAS XCELS-Proto PEARL architecture FEMTA & UFL-M architectures (Sarov) 8

/6/0 Available Technologies Crystals -3 with 365 400 50 mm size were grown by the high-rate

KDP crystal 4 with 40 40 300 mm size was grown by a conventional technique for about a year

9 /6/0 Available Technologies Crystals -3 with mm size were grown by the high-rate growth technique for about 40 ays. KDP crystal 4 with mm size was grown by a conventional technique for about a year Available Technologies "LUCH" facility with parametric amplifier FEMTA at VNIIEF (Sarov) an recor characteristics of parametric amplification of femtosecon pulses 9

/6/0 Available Technologies Schematic iagram of the

$the 5 PW compressor iffraction gratings of appropriate size$ (500 mm 800 mm) are require.

10 /6/0 Available Technologies Schematic iagram of the compressor. Gratings G- an G-3 are composite here For normal operation of the 5 PW compressor iffraction gratings of appropriate size (500 mm 800 mm) are require. For the raiation energy of a pulse arriving at the compressor of 500 J, the energy ensity in a 40 cm beam will be a little more than 0.4 J/cm. XCELS Layout

/6/0 Focusing geometry for XCELS beams Rule of thumb for coherent

focusing point, raiation of several combining beams shoul

Minimum focusing volume Belt an Double-Belt approximation of

beams,5 0,5 0 Dipole-wave (ieal).5 6 Double-Belt P total = 80 PW.

11 /6/0 Focusing geometry for XCELS beams Rule of thumb for coherent combining of several beams: To maximize the electric fiel at focusing point, raiation of several combining beams shoul reprouce configuration of phase conjugate ipole raiation fiel z x Minimum focusing volume Belt an Double-Belt approximation of ipole wave Intensity, 6 W/cm,5 0,5 0 Belt Number of beams,5 0,5 0 Dipole-wave (ieal).5 6 Double-Belt P total = 80 PW. 6 W/cm single beam (f = ) Number of beams W/cm W/cm Belt-6 Double-Belt-

12 /6/0 How many EW from 00 PW? Geometry Single beam (f=.) Belt-8 8 (f=.) Belt-3 3 (f=0.3) Double-Belt- (f=0.96) Power per channel Intensity, 5 W/cm I/I(f=.) Equivalent power (f=.) P 0 =00 PW. 00 PW P 0 / EW P 0 / EW P 0 / EW Dipole-Wave EW P total = 00 PW XCELS Program of Experimental Research. Creation of sources of ultrashort coherent an incoherent raiation with recor high brightness in the X- ray an gamma ranges base on raiation of ultrarelativistic charge particles moving in ultraintense laser fiels, use of these sources for iagnosing processes an structures with picometer spatial an subfemtosecon temporal resolution.. Development of multicascae compact laser electron accelerators with energies above 0 GeV, use of the laser-plasma acceleration principles for eveloping avance accelerator complexes with particle energies of - TeV. 3. Elaboration of compact laser ion accelerators with energies of 0.- GeV an evelopment of their applications in raiography an meicine. 4. Prouction an investigation of extreme states of matter arising uner the action of ultrarelativistic laser fiels; moeling of astrophysical an early cosmological phenomena in laboratory conitions. 5. Creation of sources of electromagnetic waves of attosecon (-8s) an subattosecon uration base on the generation of high harmonics of laser raiation an supercontinuum in a hyperwie spectral range in the course of the nonlinear interaction of powerful femtosecon laser pulses with matter, evelopment of methos for application of such sources in the funamental metrology an iagnostics of fast processes in matter. 6. Creation of a source of electromagnetic raiation with pea power over Exawatt on the basis of the interaction of multipetawatt laser pulses with plasma in ultrarelativistic regime. 7. Stuy of the space-time structure of vacuum probe by raiation with intensity exceeing 5 W/cm, investigation of the phenomena of quantum electroynamics in the presence of ultraintense laser fiels, incluing proucing of matter an antimatter by means of raiation. 8. Research into a new fiel of science nuclear optics base on the use of seconary sources of gamma rays Exawatt Center for Extreme Light Stuies (XCELS)

13 /6/0 XCELS Program of Experimental Research Experiments in three eicate ELI areas where high-fiel effects will be marginally observable at ELI-Beamlines, ELI-ALPS, an ELI-NP facilities New experimental areas that are opene up with XCELS power an intensity Developments to exawatt-an-beyon power an 6 W/cm - an- beyon intensity using XCELS raiation conversion at nonlinear coupling with matter an vacuum Exawatt Center for Extreme Light Stuies (XCELS) XCELS Program of Experimental Research New experimental areas that are opene up with XCELS power an intensity. Dominating raiative losses new γ-ray sources. Relativistic ions 3. Probing vacuum by light 4. Plasma with exotic parameters Exawatt Center for Extreme Light Stuies (XCELS) 3

/6/0 XCELS Program of Experimental Research At 4 W/cm raiative losses over the fiel cycle become comparable with energy acquire by electron from the laser fiel Ultrarelativistic

regular electron acceleration On the other han, it opens up opportunities to create a variety of new gamma sources with unique parameters GAMMA SOURCE ('LightHouse") WITH COLLIDING

14 /6/0 XCELS Program of Experimental Research At 4 W/cm raiative losses over the fiel cycle become comparable with energy acquire by electron from the laser fiel Ultrarelativistic electrons are just convertors of energy from visible to gamma range an plasma becomes a strongly absorptive meium This fact evoes some septicism regaring usage of very high fiels for regular electron acceleration On the other han, it opens up opportunities to create a variety of new gamma sources with unique parameters GAMMA SOURCE ('LightHouse") WITH COLLIDING PULSES N e 7 cm -3 laser consumers γ e λ i γ Δx λ/5000 laser η= σe x/i i =0.5λ n 0 =500 a c =600 N e = 7 cm -3 η=45% ћω γ 5Mev Δω 3ω γ I i =3 4 W/cm Efficiency η, % A.Bashinov, A.Kim 0) 4

15 /6/0 Gamma source from converging multi PW ipole wave Particle ynamics in converging multi PW ipole wave 0 PW 50 mcm Laser wave Electrons Protons Particle ynamics in converging multi PW ipole wave PW 0 PW 00 PW Laser wave Electrons Protons 5

16 /6/0 Particle ynamics in multi PW half-ipole wave 0 PW 50 mcm Laser wave Electrons Protons Gamma source from converging multi PW ipole wave 00 PW 6

5 6 W/cm D simulation XCELS pulse 80 PW, 4 KJ, pulses, 30fs,.

17 /6/0 Gamma source from converging multi PW ipole wave 00 PW e-e+ cascae as a source of gamma rays ipole wave (ieal).5 6 W/cm ouble-circle( beams). 6 W/cm single pulse(f= -/ ) W/cm D simulation XCELS pulse 80 PW, 4 KJ, pulses, 30fs,. 6 W/cm E B Expectations: 5% energy losses % optics to gamma rays e-e+ plasma ensity n ~ 6 7 cm -3 PIC-MC coe I = x 6 W/cm, t=6 fs, n~ 7 cm -3, x=0. 7

/6/0 XCELS 6 W/cm -an-beyon Program Overcritical plasma surface Incient pulse, 83 - W/cm 3 W/cm Re-emitte

Gorieno et al, PRL (004) T. Baeva et al., PRE (006) D. an er Brugge at al, Phys.

Gonosov et al, PRE (0) Generation of Giant Attosecon Pulses 5 0.8 N e, cm -3 3 0.6 0.

18 /6/0 XCELS 6 W/cm -an-beyon Program Overcritical plasma surface Incient pulse, 83 - W/cm 3 W/cm Re-emitte pulse Oscillating Mirror Moel (OMM) S.V. Bulanov et al., Phys. Plasm (994) S.R. Lichters et al., Phys. Plasm (996) S. Gorieno et al, PRL (004) T. Baeva et al., PRE (006) D. an er Brugge at al, Phys. Plasm (0) Relativistic Electronic Spring (RES) Moel A.Gonosov et al, PRE (0) Generation of Giant Attosecon Pulses N e, cm δ N e, cm a a g in I, W/cm I, W/cm δ = W acc / W cycle coefficient of energy accumulation in plasma a g /a in amplitue enhancement OMM: S > 5 RES: S <

19 /6/0 Groove Shape Target an Superluminal Focal Spot Focusing of Giant Attosecon Pulses PIC moeling emonstrate > 6 W/cm in giant attosecon pulses at the focal point with PW, 3 W/cm of the incient pulse for a groove target 9

20 /6/0 Pair Prouction from Vacuum For 00 PW an 3 W/cm at the groove target 0.5 mm wie we have 8 W/cm in the volume V~nm 3 Number of pairs N~ 9 Cascaes are strongly suppresse ue superluminal motion of the focal area nm 8 W/cm v f = c/sinθ XCELS Program of Experimental Research Vacuum breaown probing vacuum gamma ray sources relativistic ions raiative losses EM cascaes relativistic electrons Laser facilities XCELS+ 6-8 XCELS 4-5 ELI I-III 3-4 ionization 0

21 /6/0 For XCELS information

Exawatt Center for Extreme Light Studies Project (XCELS)

Exawatt Center for Extreme Light Studies Project (XCELS) A.G. Litvak, E.A. Khazanov, A.M. Sergeev Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhny Novgorod, Russia XCELS- EXawatt