Numerical Simulation for the Development of Waste Oil Cavity Incinerator

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1 HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 5, October, 2002, pp *, * ( , ) Numerical Simulation for the Development of Waste Oil Cavity Incinerator Young Nam Chun, Kwy Joo Lee* and Mi Hwan Kim Dept. of Environmental Engineering, *Dept. of Naval Architecture, Chosun University, Gwangju , Korea (Received 25 January 2002; accepted 22 July 2002).!" #$%&'( )*+,-. /'!012 %& 34#, 56!7 8!9 7 :;+< 4A B. CD E.F GH'. IAJ K ' L E.F9 MN GH + O 8PQ3 RN S9 T BU. VN WX@ Y Z W X[\, WX$\ O WXE' L ]^ +@ M *;_9,. Abstract We proposed advanced cavity incinerator to incinerate waste oil which is contained water. The cavity incinerator has heat recirculation region in the cavity to be burnt out completely in high temperature zone. And heat recuper, being left side of cavity, plays a role in the flame stabilization of auxiliary burner flame by heat recovery of exhaust gas. The results in standard incinerator, which was selected by iterative calculation, showed that the combustion and emission characteristics of cavity incinerator are excellent. And operating conditions were proposed by parametric screening studies about injection velocity, injection temperature and injection point of waste oil and air. Key words: Cavity, Incinerator, Waste Oil, Combustion, Emission 1.,,! "#$%&' ()*, +,,+-. /01 2* () :9. *; < =>? C=>? D( E$% F9. C=> GA H= IAJ ()? 50-80% KL ->M 0N OP QRQRF.STM U=F9. N V-W. V-;X ->Y(% ->M >YZ 10% KL ->M 0F +[ >Y1 +[? \] 0 ;X ^X 7_ ]-()$% `7( an bcf,km d ef g% hyi< j k9. lm nl ()`7 i< o p. >Y -d1 ()M qr st +um V-v u.w % < xf yz s { }~9..N ->M & 0F u +ƒ yzr$% s( a u ]` N ˆ% UŠ iœ s (ƒ Ž$, R M ( a s 2* To whom correspondence should be addressed. ynchun@chosun.ac.kr =. M N -. D -W R ƒ - Ž p šk (Two phase transport equation) + sn ps% [p8 [Rœ s{8 ž(ÿ, v s19. lm XŸR? & & >z(local volume fraction) r i % ; (1)œ ( ρ t i r i ) + ( ρ i r i V i ) ( Γ ri r i ) = m j i v( ρ i N p L, V i N p L, Γ ri N ª-, m j in «a [p j. (p i% ;N 4, r i N p & >z (2)! 9. r 1 ( xy, ) + r 2 ( xy, ) = p šk (Two phase conservation equation) -. DF Eulerian šk? (3)œ 9. (1) (2) 628

2 ( ρ t i r i φ i ) + ( ρ i r i V i φ i ) ( Γ ri r i φ i ) ( Γ ri φ i r i ) = m j i φ + m i j φ + f i j v( φ i N R8 -% L(V i ), ±(p), ²³ (h i ), ž >z(f), b (R), &Ÿ (t)9. φ + N [p j. (p i% ;N m j i µ - φ, φ N F % D% (p i. [p j% *;N m i j µ - φ 9. (3) double bar8 N Power-low operator f j i N φ i bulk-to-bulk transport. DF ¹ºª-9. lm šk» ¼N ½ ¾±,.w šk»¼ u s À s ÀM «]Á( a 9Âœ? KM Ž9. s ž (ŸN Ã {g% p(ÿ%, ª- iu? Äz? Á Ä ÅÆ( µç È9. + sn 2«ª ÄM de s J 19. ÉÊN Ä(4-6) œ Ë!,( E s, s. Ì=1 ÁÍs ÎN ->œ Äv ÁÍs ÎN -s Ì=19. C(s)+ÏO 2 CO (4) C(s)+CO 2 2CO (5) C(s)+H 2 O CO+H 2 (6) ÐÊN Ä(7-8)œ 1 ÁÍs! Ë s E Ì= 1 -s Ñ s;x ÁÍs ÎN -> Ì=19. CO+ÏO 2 CO 2 (7) H 2 +ÏO 2 H 2 O (8) s{ ÒLN. 2;( µç. ž>z fƒ ª O 2, N 2, CO 2, CO, H 2 O, H 2 ÒLƒ Ž9. { ÃLN Ä. DF ÄuM Óv (9)!, + ÃLN.w šk. F ²³ ƒ <v (10)œ Ž9. 1 T g = ( H mix H fu ) T oil C p H = oil C p { LN p(ÿ šk. (11)œ Ž9. ρ g P = RT g (3) (9) (10) (11) {-[R u {! [R u? Nusselt number% ;N bulk-to-bulk ÀM <Ž9..w šk 8 h 1, h 2 šk Ì=/sÔ¾? (12)! 9. q j i 6 r 2 = D ρ 1 N u k g ( T j T i ) v( Nusselt numbern (13)œ 9. ( φ j φ i ) + S φi (12) N u = Re 0.5 Pr (13) ½¾±(Interface drag) {! [R ¾±? {. Õ;X ^N [R. Ö<N $% šk Ì=¾$% 9Â (14)! 9. f i j f j i = = C f ρ 1 r 1 r 2 Vol V 1 V 2 (14) 2-3. s Ì;N s Ì= E CO 2, H 2 ON ØF Ù-(absorber) šÿ(emitter)ú Ûb(scatter radiation)n d o9. ÎF N 2, O 2, H 2 N Ù- d o bu ÜXJ9.. <F Radiosity b À? Spalding[1]. ; XJ Ý$% P-1 Á Þ(P-1 spherical-harmonics approximation). bøl(radiation intensity) RTEs(radiative transfer equations) [2]. <1 Ýœ 9. b (R)? b2šk (15). F ( a + s ) R + 4a( E R) = 0 (15) Ù-ª-(absorption coefficient; a)! Ûª-(scattering coefficient; s)n 1.45 m 1! 0 m 1 ƒ R<Ž9. ÎF EN ßŸš±(black-body emissive power)$% (16)œ 9. E=σT 4 (16) W v(, σn Stefan-Boltzmann p-(à, E ), TN m 2 K 4 Ÿ ádãl9. K b u (net radiative heat fluxes)? 9Â (17)œ 9. 4 Q ri -- 1 = 3( R a+ s) (17) v(, Q ri N iš u âã9. b u. F uäåm Ó( a.w šk (15) Ì =¾. A_ (18) R<19. S rad = Q ri (18) v(, S rad N «a & u7(volumetric energy source)9. lm Ì=¾? (18). (16)M D v KY (19)! 9. S rad =4a[R E] (19) 2-4. (Local residence time) u +ƒ Ñ æ s( an s(ç. & Ÿ (local residence time)? E~9. & Ÿ? 2 šk (3) - φƒ & Ÿ t%, Ì=¾ S φ N (20) œ v ª F9. ρvol S φ = t m inj = m inj = ρvol j m inj j j (20) v(, Vol? è ŸR, m injn jm év è. ;N, N k. žm F B (1), (3)œ 1 R8 2ê ë > 2šK ƒ ì( an íÿr. (îf Fê>Þ(control-volume based finite difference method)m <v UR8 ÁšK M L Ž9. šk? line-by-line TDMA(tridiagonal matrix algorithm). ƒ Ž$ ±- L pïª šþ? Åð -ñm a v SIMPLE(Semi-Implicit Methods for Pressure-Linked Equation). HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 5, October, 2002

3 630 U1 SIMPLEST òyó[3]m <Ž, ô½h. õ 0- K? Power-low Scheme[4]. å ;ö9. s( -W ƒ av k-ε À[5]M <Ž9. ô½ ø-n 47ù42 Fig. 1. iœ s( Upœ (! 0ú ûãçö9. bu ª.N D¾ Ìü;, Ÿ M ª ý»¼ N Ÿ D.Ú #þ;g% ¾ Ìü >M & 0F u +ƒ yzr$% s( a u ]` N ˆ% UŠ iœ s(ƒ Ž9 (Fig. 1ÿ). -W bª M - v ( s( (! M L*v ( $%, ÃL s{>/ƒ ª Ž9. ÎF s 2* =. M WN 8½8 + ( +!,( L, ÃL, aw Á. D -n ƒ - Ž9.. <;XJ + =? E i% KÍs(C) 79%, - s(h 2 ) 9%, ->(H 2 O) 7%, s(n 2 ) 1%, s(o 2 ) 3%9. ( s Fig. 1. Computational grid generation and physical dimensions. (? w 5 œ,( L 5 m/s, ÃL 25 o C, + ( +!,( L 15 m/s, ÃL 25 o C, aw(i) 5/69. aw(injection point)n iœ * % &' + ( E dy Wƒ iœ (side wall) dy S% û 9(Fig. 1ÿ).,(iN 1.2% K Ž9.»ª? ÃLƒ 400 o C% šx(emissivity)? çá % Kv 0.75% Ž > 9 01 u +ƒ yœr$% sz( a ]` N F iœ s(ƒ Ž9. iœ s(n w% Ë8»,; + (% +,;N % ;X^9. ÎF u V-((heat recuper) iœ. ( µç. 2( +um så ç% V-v w Á6M KÁ - ^9. Fig. 2N iœ s( ç Lâãƒ ûã Ý$% (a)n (. w ËÚ sý»¼ (b)n Ë! + ( +ƒ. v sf»¼9. Fig. 2(a) Lâ ã. - ^ w. Ë s;x iœ(cavity plane). XUŠ Á6 ; ôf Xû( µ Ç. iœ ç. ]` U=19. Ã ]` U=? Fig. 2(b)! + (%&' +,. lm Á6 4. Ã ]` ;X + s=m t u + Ñ s xl F9. Fig. 3? &Ÿ œ M ûãçö9. & Ÿ? (20) Ì=¾.L ò - ^ s XŸR. Dv $% ª F g% XŸR (. lm 9s g% ád N $û iœ s( ç & aw. DF Ÿ > /ƒ ò - ^9. Fig. 3(a)N &Ÿ M ûã Ý$% iœ ç. w XÁ6M F &Ÿ pdr$% M N, N iœ ç. Ñ s. >F Ÿ M N ]` 19N Ý9. lm + (% ;N + XÁ6. i Ã s{! R$% rý - ^N (V g% s ÄM Jt Ñ sƒ! - ^9. iœ ç Ÿ (bulk residence time)? " 2.2î% ç +( #YÞp {#$U s Fig. 2. Calculated velocity fields for standard incinerator

4 631 Fig. 3. Local residence time and streamline for standard incinerator. Fig. 4. Gas temperature and radiative heat flux for standard incinerator. % ¼- sš[6]$% 2ê så Ÿ 2î% ;X^N 9 9s M N9. Fig. 3(b). ò - ^ iœ ç + s{ %) 4. ]` U=;, w s{ ½N uv-( % :% 2*;Ú + s{n ½ ]` $% ;& iœ ç. >F s M J ' 2*;N ÝM ò - ^9. Fig. 4N {ÃL! Radiosity b À u(){ƒ ûã Ý9. Fig. 4(a)N s{ ÃL>/ƒ ûã Ý9. w»¼ iœ. XUŠ Á6 19. w «$%&' ' $% O- s J ;X Hê ÃL v Á6D(flame front). DÃL " 1,770 o Cƒ 8 ' *sf9. [Ÿs =p +,%&' Ë >;X -Á1 ', (Á;X Á<,( E s!.ž;x s J ;g% {Ë. i s ;( µ Ç. Á6/ (ŸË. i 9s /X Ã Á6D Á6 ' 0. awpš XÁ6M F9. + (%&' ; N +»¼N 15 m/s $% ;g% XÁ6 U=; 1 ½Á ÃL(ignition temperature)p ;N H. s R$% ; sãl(combustion temperature) ; X så * &. DÃLƒ 89. Fig. 4(b)N b u(){ƒ ûã Ý$% s Ì= E ØF š Ÿ8 CO 2, H 2 O DÒL(Fig. 5ÿ)ƒ N X Á6D. D M a% O- Hê *s19. N w Á6$ %&' ]` ç% bu R$% ÜX2 ÃM ZN E~F ým F9N ÝM F9. Fig. 5N sì=8 CO 2! H 2 O ÒLƒ ûãçö9. Ë E =>8 Ís! -s s;x Ì=;N CO 2! H 2 O ÒL>/ UŠN d 9. w Á6»¼ X '. D ÒL ƒ, + ( Á6»¼N ( ' 0$% v iœ E3&. DÒLƒ 89. N 4F :! + (% 1 + iœ. >F Ÿ M Ñ æ s ;N ÝM F L Fig. 6? + ( Lƒ 15 m/s. 5m/s% *s5m µ Lâã! {ÃL>/ƒ ûã Ý9. Fig. 6(a)N Lâãƒ ûã Ý9. + ( & Lâã ¼$% > ; iœ «67; 1F9. ÎF + ( Á6 ¼(à, iœ p«). U=;ö& ]` iœ «&% Ó ^$, iœ ç &Ÿ ( Á6. i 9s ;ö9. N Fig. 6(b) ÃL>/.L ò - ^ L *s% 8 Á6D + ( &. U= ;X Ã ;( µç. u$% 8 Lâã iœ &0$% 67; 1 + ( ¼$% ;X Á6D ¼ ]` &% Y ;, ÎF ]` & ÃLL (Á6. i 8? ÝM ò - ^9. HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 5, October, 2002

5 632 Fig. 5. CO 2 and H 2 O concentrations for standard incinerator. Fig. 6. Velocity vector and gas temperature for changed injection velocity at waste oil injector..œr$% + (% ;N +!,( Lƒ *s»¼ iœ Ã M >æ <ý - ox yœr 19., + (% ;N +!,( Lƒ ZN Ý? + hy ;X YÚ iœ ç &Ÿ % >F s J ; 1g% iœ & 3M Óv K;Xf F9N ÝM ò - ^ ÃL Fig. 7? +!,( ÃLƒ pã8 15 o C. 325 o C% ŽM»¼ {ÃL! CO 2 ÒLƒ ûã Ý9. Fig. 7(a) ÃL>/. ò - ^ + ( Ÿ ÃL ƒ 9. lm ;N Ÿ ²³ ;( µç. i Œ ç Á6ÃL 19. Ã s{ uv-(ƒ dw w Á6$% u ÜX2 Á6 ÃL (Á6. i 9s p:1 ÝM ò - ^9. ÎF iœ ç ÃL% s= v sì=8 CO 2 ÒL Fig. 7(b). - ^ ( Á6 9 9s 1 ÝM ò - ^9. lm + ÃLƒ - s= ;A Y9. Ú + ÃLƒ Z ( af <u i< Ç ^$g% uv-( 2( +um < N šm PN Ý Y aw Fig. 8? + awƒ I=5/6. I=3/4% Át +ƒ ý»¼ Lâã! CO 2 ÒL >/ƒ ûã Ý9. Fig. 8(a)! + ( Á6 9 så 0.. l m iœ ç A_0. = ]` ˆ% U=;X iœ ç. + sý - ^N >F s M 1F9. lm Fig. 8(b) CO 2 ÒL>/.L ò - ^ (Á6. i så * 0. s J ;N, N iœ. + aw + s=. M WN ÝM F9. lm +ƒ yœr $% s( an + %) iœ% >æ 67;L + awƒ KN Ý E~9. 5. p. *1 ()M -dv ->Y1 +ƒ p. qr s ( av ˆ% UŠ iœ s(ƒ v s 2* =M >?, ƒ a ~ -. DF -W R ƒ - Ž9.. ;XJ iœ s(n ->M & 0F u +ƒ yzr$% s( a u ]` N % ;X ^$ * uv-(n Ë Á6M b -Wª M - v (! M L*v ( s (% ƒ - F.œ s 2* = ¼-F ÝM ò - ^ö9. ÎF ƒ a -n ƒ - F.œ 9Âœ 9.

6 633 Fig. 7. Gas temperature and CO 2 concentration for changed injection temperature at waste oil injector. Fig. 8. Velocity vector and CO 2 concentration for changed waste injection point at waste oil injector. (1) + ( LN iœ &! w Á6 =. lm Ó;X2f R L F9. (2) + (% ;N +!,(ƒ <uv ÃLƒ AYN Ý ;9. (3) + awn iœ ç s=. M W,. I=5/68»¼ ¼-F Ý$% ûãb9. N F œc «DR(î (œ Eï ) 7$% - ;öâ. a : absorption coefficient [m 1 ] C f : friction coefficient C p : constant gas heat capacity J/kg/K] D : particle diameter [m] E : block-body emissive power [W/m 2 ] f : mixture fraction f i j f i j H : friction coefficient : particle drag : enthalpy [J/kg] k : turbulent kinetic energy [m 2 /s 2 ] k g : heat transfer coefficient m i j : mass transfered from phase i to j [kg/m 3 ] m j i : mass transfered from phase j to i [kg/m 3 ] m inj : mass inflow to the control volume [kg/s] N u : Nusselt number P : pressure [N/m 2 ] Pr : Prandtl number q ji Q ri : gas particle heat transfer : heat flux vector in i direction R : universal gas constant [kj/mol/k] radiation flux [W/m 2 ] Re : Reynolds number r i : volume fraction r 2 : particle radius s : scattering coefficient [m 1 ] S rad : volumetric radiation energy source [W/m 2 ] S φ : source term for local residence time [sec] S φi : source term for general equation [kg/m 3 ] t : local residence time [sec] T : temperature [K] V i : phase velocity vector [m/s] Vol : control volume [m 3 ] HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 40, No. 5, October, 2002

7 634!" ε : dissipation rate [m 2 /s 3 ] ρ i : phase density [kg/m 3 ] σ : Stefan-Boltzmann constant [W/m 2 K 4 ] Γ ri : diffusion coefficient [m 2 /s] : general dependent variable φ i #$" g : gas phase oil : oil phase rad : radiation 1 : gas 2 : liquid 1. Spalding, D. B.: Proposal for a Diffusional Radiation Model, Unpublished technical memorandum, CHAM, London(1994). 2. Viskanta, R. and Menguc, M. P.: Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 13, 127(1987). 3. Spalding, D. B.: PHOENICS Training Course Notes, CHAM TR/ 300(1988). 4. Patankar, S. V.: Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flows, Hemisphere, Washington, D.C(1980). 5. Launder, B. W. and Spalding, D. B.: Comp. Meth. in Appl. Mech. and Eng., 3, 269(1974). 6. Environmental Management Corporation: Technical Guide for the Establishment of MSW Incineration Facilities (1998)

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