Status of HL-LHC and Superconducting Magnets for future Colliders. Lucio Rossi CERN & Univ. of Milan High Luminosity LHC Project Leader

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1 Status of HL-LHC and Superconducting Magnets for future Colliders Lucio Rossi CERN & Univ. of Milan High Luminosity LHC Project Leader Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Physics BSM Workshop 2 July 2018

2 L. Shanghai 2 July

3 It took 25 years to develop LHC mainly because of Superconductivity Prof. Maiani 1998: first 15 m LHC dipole proto at SM18 test test: family picture L. Shanghai 2 July

4 1232 SC dipoles 15 m 8.33 T (Nb-Ti) 500 SC Quadrupoles 8000 Corrector Magnets 16 SC Cavities 40 pairs large Current Leads in HTS 2 magnets in one (twin dipoles) 1.9 K HEII cryogenics to boost field L. Shanghai 2 July

5 Superconductivity: an enabling technology Superconducting LHC Tunnel : 27 km Field : 8.3 T Cryoplant power at the plug: 40 MW: always on 70 MW for LHC. 150 MW for the accelerator complex 180 for the whole CERN complex Normalconducting LHC Tunnel 120 km Field : 1.8 T Dissipated power at collision: 2,200 MW Average power (0.4 coefficient): 900 MW only for accelerator L. Shanghai 2 July

6 HEP Accelerators progress: SC domination L. Shanghai 2 July

7 High Luminosity: a luminous future for LHC! Half way L. Shanghai 2 July

8 HiLumi LHC: An international collaboration Special in-kind from: ES CIEMAT IT INFN SE Uppsala UK STFC & C.I. Univ. US-DOE and JP- KEK are the biggest contributor (after CERN and Member States) Canada/Triumf China/IHEP Russia/BINP L. Shanghai 2 July

9 Then HL-LHC luminosity production in case of ULTIMATE scenario 320 fb -1 /y L. Shanghai 2 July

10 HL-LHC has developed : 1. ATS optics; 2. Lumi levelling (Now in use in LHC ); will improve LHC collimation form Run3 We are adopting strategy to improve the Experiment Data Quality (via optimization of the pile up density, eff = ) L. Shanghai 2 July

11 How a typical fill of HL-LHC will look like L. Shanghai 2 July

12 HL-LHC: Also pushing the technology frontier! L. Shanghai 2 July

13 1 km of new undergroung galleries and 2 PITs L. Shanghai 2 July

14 1.2 km of new complete accelerators UA Gallery Service cavern Connection to LHC (UL) Service gallery (UR) BBLR Collimators SC Links Q4 D2 TAXN Crab cavities DFM DFX D1 CP Q3 Q2b Q2a Q1 TAXS L. Shanghai 2 July

15 SRF Crab Cavity L. Shanghai 2 July

16 HL-LHC magnet zoo Triplet QXF (US-AUP and CERN) Orbit corrector (CIEMAT) Separation dipole D1 (KEK) 11 T dipole (CERN) Recombination dipole D2 (INFN) Q4 (CEA) D2/Q4 orbit corrector (CERN) Skew quadrupole (INFN) Approximately 150 single magnets and 50 cold masses for HL-LHC Sextupole (INFN) Octupole (INFN) Decapole (INFN) Dodecapole (INFN) Courtesy of E. Todesco Courtesy L. Rossi E. Shanghai Todesco, 2 July HL-LHC

17 11T dipole production Coil winding Pre-collaring Pole preparation L. Rossi Shanghai aperture 2 July

18 IT QUAD first prototypes CERN: Q m length US: Q1/Q3 4.2 m length Long mirror test at Coil winding at CERN First impregnated coil at CERN L. Shanghai BNL 2 July

19 HiLumi LHC: preparing technology for next big steps L. Shanghai 2 July

20 Future Circular Collider LHC FCC Circumference (km) Dipole field (T) C.o.M. energy (TeV) Courtesy of M. Benedikt, CERN, FCC L. Shanghai 2 July

21 Nb 3 Sn: the workhorse of the near Future Solid objectives for the FCC conductor R&D Nb 3 Sn D strand : mm J C (16 T, 4.2 K) > 1500 A/mm 2 M (1 T,4.2 K) <150 mt (D fil < 20 m) RRR > 150 UL > 5 km Cost(16 T, 4.2 K) < 5 USD/kA m Presentation given at years Panel Session at the ASC, Charlotte (US), August 10 th -15 th, 2014 By A. Ballarino and L. Bottura The goal is ambitious but not impossible. Cost will be probably the most challenging L. Shanghai 2 July

22 Conductor R&D Specification: 1500 A/mm 16T, 4.2K 2850 A/mm 12T, 4.2K 1250 A/mm 16T, 4.2K 1750 A/mm 15T, 4.2K 1400 A/mm 16T, 4.2K 1274 A/mm 15T, 4.2K 1000 A/mm 16T, 4.2K 950 A/mm 16T, 4.2K L. Shanghai 2 July

23 FCC Magnet Designs T op 1.9 K I op /I C (loadline) 86 % V dump < 2.5 kv s max < 200 MPa T hot < 350 K D out 600 mm HE-LHC! blocks cos(q) common coil Current (A) Inductance (mh/m) Stored energy (kj/m) Coil mass (tons) Very efficient use of superconductor Simplified mechanics and manufacturing? Courtesy of D. Tommasini, CERN L. Shanghai 2 July

24 CCT option Canted CosTheta CCT Current (A) Inductance (mh/m) 19.2 Stored energy (kj/m) 3200 Coil mass (tons) MPa on the conductor Courtesy of B. Auchmann, PSI and CERN L. Shanghai 2 July

25 FCC 16T plan (a) Real estate Pinning (b) Conductor R&D C (c) ERMC 280h@625 C RMM Opportunity for full length prototypes built in industry 16 T models L. Shanghai 2 July

26 US high-field magnet R&D Nb 3 Sn 16 T HTS 20 T Courtesy of L. S. Rossi Shanghai US-MDP 2 July

27 Cos-theta, 4 layers, 15 T dipole Simplify assembly, reduce cost L1-L2: 28 strands, 1 mm RRP 150/169 L3-L4: 40 strands, 0.7 mm RRP 108/127 Assembly and test expected in 2018 Courtesy of A. Zlobin, FNAL L. Shanghai 2 July

28 Are stuck with T of Nb 3 Sn or can we go beyond? See recent superconductor results 2 HTS materials Beyond 25 T! J e = 600 A/mm 2 Nb-Ti Nb 3 Sn HTS Graph from Carmine Senatore, UniGeneva L. Shanghai 2 July

29 Racetrack POPE A 5 T, HTS based dipole Proof-Of-Principle Experiment 920 µm L. Shanghai 2 July

30 Racetrack POPE results 5.37 T Courtesy of M. Durante, CEA L. Shanghai 2 July

31 Short accelerator dipole demonstrator 40 mm aperture, cable (not single element) A 5 T, 40 mm bore HTS based dipole demonstrator Courtesy of G. Kirby, J. Van Nugteren, G. De L. Rijk, CERN; Shanghai A. 2 July Kario, 2018 KIT31

32 Dipole demonstrator results 3.35 T Wound with low grade SC, now winding with high grade: hope for 7+ tesla! Courtesy of J. Van Nugteren, H. Bajas, CERN L. Shanghai 2 July

33 US CCT and HTS programs Nb 3 Sn cable in CCT geometry Bi-2212 cable in racetrack REBCO CORC in CCT geometry Courtesy of S. Prestemon, LBNL L. Shanghai 2 July

34 20 T dipole hybrid proposed in 2010 for HE-LHC L. Rossi E. Todesco 40 mm aperture Now the FCC standard is more 50 mm HE-LHC 15 T 26 TeV c.o.m. 20T 33 TeV c.o.m. 25T 41 TeV c.o.m. L. Shanghai 2 July

35 20 T or more: Super proton-proton Collider in China (after CEPC) LHC FCC SppC Circumference (km) Dipole field (T) C.o.M. energy (TeV) Courtesy of Q. Xu, IHEP, CN L. Shanghai 2 July

36 CN high-field magnet R&D Conceptual design of common coil 12T dipole Baseline design Tunnel circumference: 100 km Dipole magnet field: 12 T, iron-based HTS technology (IBS) Center of Mass energy: >70 TeV Upgrade phase Dipole magnet field: 20 24T, IBS technology Center of Mass energy: >125 TeV Development of high-field superconducting magnet technology Starting to develop required HTS magnet technology before applicable iron-based wire is available ReBCO & Bi-2212 and LTS wires be used for model magnet studies and as an option for SppC: stress management, quench protection, field quality control and fabrication methods Top priority: reduce cost! Instead of increasing field IBS structure Courtesy of Q. Xu, IHEP, CN Courtesy of Q. Xu, IHEP L. Shanghai 2 July

37 Highest dipole fields LBNL HD1 Magnets with bore CERN RMC FRESCA2 + HTS insert = 20 T! From Luca.Bottura-CERN CERN/CEA FRESCA2 Record fields for SC magnets in dipole configuration L. Shanghai 2 July

38 Ideas for a 20 T dipoles! See SuST publication 2018 L. Shanghai 2 July

39 Betting on even larger improvement of Jc Thinking to unconventional design to go to T regime L. Shanghai 2 July

40 Abandoning the concept of costheta to go to simple race track ALL HTS Operation at K: no LHe (Big + in cost) L. Shanghai 2 July

41 Working on even more unconventional design of the coil end shape From Jeroen van Nugteren and Glyn Kirby -CERN L. Shanghai 2 July

42 In summary The High-Luminosity LHC is the necessary step to prove High Field technology in real accelerator and reasonable size Production in First use ever of Nb 3 Sn in a running accelerator The next step is the development of magnets for an FCC Model activities are planned in EU laboratories (and US) in Prototyping in industry (full length, 10 magnets), in This is the logical sequence of the HL-LHC production, profiting from Nb 3 Sn technology established in laboratories and industry HTS is only in its infancy, but could be the killer technology for high-field magnet technology of the future Requires high-tech R&D, spanning from material science to electromechanical engineering, 5 years program defined HTS is the high-risk/high-return investment of the future Needs constant investment beyond the today level L. Shanghai 2 July

43 Can we extrapolate linearly from the past To go BEYOND 15-16? HE-LHC? Or FFC/SPPC HE- LHC 20 T is not out of reach Requires a step more & and consistent R&D L. Shanghai 2 July

44 Can we extrapolate linearly from the past To go BEYOND 15-16? 25 T HE-LHC FCC/SPPC Possible if a precision machine buys time to make the 25 T R&D L. Shanghai 2 July

45 Thanks and stay tuned for our 20+ T R&D L. Shanghai 2 July

46 60 years of experiments at accelerators have discovered the set of fundamental particles accelerators 4 6

47 Livingston plot From Luca.Bottura-CERN L. Shanghai 2 July

48 Old structures, new structures mid 1970 s, FNAL: Collared coils A. Tollestrup, Proc. Int Conf. on the History of Original Ideas and Basic Discoveries in Particle Physics, Erice (1994). 2002, LBNL: Bladder and keys R.R. Hafalia, et al., IEEE TAS, 12(1) (2002), pp , LBNL: CCT S. Caspi, et al., IEEE TAS (2014), p , FNAL: SM cos(q) V. Kashikin, et al., Proc. IPAC, Copenhagen (2017), pp , TAMU: Stress management N. Diaczenko, et al., Proc. PAC, Vancouver (1997), pp , MIT: CICC M.O. Hoenig, et al., Proc. 5th Magn. Tech. Conf., Frascati(1975), p L. Shanghai 2 July

49 Stress in high field magnets F µ B 2 s» F w µ JB QXF 11T FCC Stress limited reducing J HE-LHC w µ B J LHC L. Shanghai 2 July

50 MQXFS5 results 22 ka PIT strand (0.85 mm,192) J C : 2450 A/mm 2 (12 T, 4.2 K) Cu:non-Cu: strands cable (18.15 mm x 1.52 mm) Aperture 150 (mm) Gradient (T/m) Current (ka) Peak field 11.4 (T) Courtesy of P. Ferracin, J.C. Perez, H. Bajas, E. Todesco, CERN L. Shanghai 2 July