Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming
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1 Advanced Topics on Network Socket Programming Computer Science Department, University of Crete Manolis Surligas October 18, 2017 Manolis Surligas (CSD, UoC) Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming October 18, / 15
2 Custom Packet headers Each layer has its own headers Application layer may have its own Indeed most applications introduce custom packet headers Possible application header fields: - Application version - Sequence number - CRC Manolis Surligas (CSD, UoC) Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming October 18, / 15
3 Custom Packet headers Example of HTTP header structure Manolis Surligas (CSD, UoC) Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming October 18, / 15
4 The problem is that the send(), sendto(), recv(), recvfrom() take as argument a single buffer A packet header may consist from integers, shorts, etc How we can efficiently create the header? Manolis Surligas (CSD, UoC) Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming October 18, / 15
5 Assume that the header of each of our packets is: Seq Number: 32 bits Type: 16 bits Version: 8 bits Data: X bits Create a struct that describes properly the header attributes s t r u c t c u s t o m h e a d e r { u i n t 3 2 t seq number ; u i n t 1 6 t t y p e ; u i n t 8 t v e r s i o n ; } ; Manolis Surligas (CSD, UoC) Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming October 18, / 15
6 Fill in the appropriate values / Packet t h a t c a r r i e s a p p l i c a t i o n data / #d e f i n e TYPE DATA PACKET 28 s t r u c t c u s t o m h e a d e r h e a d e r ; h e a d e r seq number = ; h e a d e r t y p e = TYPE DATA PACKET ; h e a d e r v e r s i o n = 1 ; Manolis Surligas (CSD, UoC) Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming October 18, / 15
7 Fill in the appropriate values / Packet t h a t c a r r i e s a p p l i c a t i o n data / #d e f i n e TYPE DATA PACKET 28 s t r u c t c u s t o m h e a d e r h e a d e r ; h e a d e r seq number = ; h e a d e r t y p e = TYPE DATA PACKET ; h e a d e r v e r s i o n = 1 ; Is the assignment right? Manolis Surligas (CSD, UoC) Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming October 18, / 15
8 Fill in the appropriate values / Packet t h a t c a r r i e s a p p l i c a t i o n data / #d e f i n e TYPE DATA PACKET 28 s t r u c t c u s t o m h e a d e r h e a d e r ; h e a d e r seq number = ; h e a d e r t y p e = TYPE DATA PACKET ; h e a d e r v e r s i o n = 1 ; Is the assignment right? NO!! Manolis Surligas (CSD, UoC) Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming October 18, / 15
9 Fill in the appropriate values always taking care the endianess / Packet t h a t c a r r i e s a p p l i c a t i o n data / #d e f i n e TYPE DATA PACKET 28 s t r u c t c u s t o m h e a d e r h e a d e r ; h e a d e r seq number = h t o n l ( ) ; h e a d e r t y p e = h t o n s (TYPE DATA PACKET ) ; h e a d e r v e r s i o n = 1 ; Manolis Surligas (CSD, UoC) Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming October 18, / 15
10 Fill in the appropriate values always taking care the endianess / Packet t h a t c a r r i e s a p p l i c a t i o n data / #d e f i n e TYPE DATA PACKET 28 s t r u c t c u s t o m h e a d e r h e a d e r ; h e a d e r seq number = h t o n l ( ) ; h e a d e r t y p e = h t o n s (TYPE DATA PACKET ) ; h e a d e r v e r s i o n = 1 ; Why the version field is not needed to be converted in Network Byte Order? Manolis Surligas (CSD, UoC) Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming October 18, / 15
11 Copy the header in the buffer / Packet t h a t c a r r i e s a p p l i c a t i o n data / #d e f i n e TYPE DATA PACKET 28 u i n t 8 t b u f f e r [ ] ; s t r u c t c u s t o m h e a d e r h e a d e r ; h e a d e r seq number = h t o n l ( ) ; h e a d e r t y p e = h t o n s (TYPE DATA PACKET ) ; h e a d e r v e r s i o n = 1 ; memcpy ( b u f f e r, &header, s i z e o f ( h e a d e r ) ) ; Manolis Surligas (CSD, UoC) Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming October 18, / 15
12 After the header fill also the data / Packet t h a t c a r r i e s a p p l i c a t i o n data / #d e f i n e TYPE DATA PACKET 28 u i n t 8 t b u f f e r [ ] ; s t r u c t c u s t o m h e a d e r h e a d e r ; h e a d e r seq number = h t o n l ( ) ; h e a d e r t y p e = h t o n s (TYPE DATA PACKET ) ; h e a d e r v e r s i o n = 1 ; memcpy ( b u f f e r, &header, s i z e o f ( h e a d e r ) ) ; memcpy ( b u f f e r + s i z e o f ( h e a d e r ), data, d a t a l e n ) ; Manolis Surligas (CSD, UoC) Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming October 18, / 15
13 And send them through the network! / Packet t h a t c a r r i e s a p p l i c a t i o n data / #d e f i n e TYPE DATA PACKET 28 u i n t 8 t b u f f e r [ ] ; s t r u c t c u s t o m h e a d e r h e a d e r ; h e a d e r seq number = h t o n l ( ) ; h e a d e r t y p e = h t o n s (TYPE DATA PACKET ) ; h e a d e r v e r s i o n = 1 ; memcpy ( b u f f e r, &header, s i z e o f ( h e a d e r ) ) ; memcpy ( b u f f e r + s i z e o f ( h e a d e r ), data, d a t a l e n ) ; send ( sd, b u f f e r, d a t a l e n + s i z e o f ( h e a d e r ), 0 ) ; Manolis Surligas (CSD, UoC) Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming October 18, / 15
14 Retrieve custom headers At the receiver side, recv(), recvfrom() place the data in plain buffers We want to retrieve easily the packet header fields This can be easily accomplished with pointers Manolis Surligas (CSD, UoC) Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming October 18, / 15
15 Retrieve custom headers u i n t 8 t b u f f e r [ ] ; s t r u c t c u s t o m h e a d e r h e a d e r ; u i n t 8 t data ; / R e c e i v e data / r e c v ( sd, b u f f e r, 1024, 0 ) ; h e a d e r = ( s t r u c t c u s t o m h e a d e r ) b u f f e r ; data = b u f f e r + s i z e o f ( s t r u c t c u s t o m h e a d e r ) ; Manolis Surligas (CSD, UoC) Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming October 18, / 15
16 Retrieve custom headers u i n t 8 t b u f f e r [ ] ; s t r u c t c u s t o m h e a d e r h e a d e r ; u i n t 8 t data ; / R e c e i v e data / r e c v ( sd, b u f f e r, 1024, 0 ) ; h e a d e r = ( s t r u c t c u s t o m h e a d e r ) b u f f e r ; data = b u f f e r + s i z e o f ( s t r u c t c u s t o m h e a d e r ) ; Are we done? NO!! Manolis Surligas (CSD, UoC) Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming October 18, / 15
17 Retrieve custom headers Header is in network byte order We must convert it back u i n t 8 t b u f f e r [ ] ; s t r u c t c u s t o m h e a d e r h e a d e r ; s t r u c t c u s t o m h e a d e r h e a d e r h o s t ; u i n t 8 t data ; / R e c e i v e data / r e c v ( sd, b u f f e r, 1024, 0 ) ; h e a d e r = ( s t r u c t c u s t o m h e a d e r ) b u f f e r ; data = b u f f e r + s i z e o f ( s t r u c t c u s t o m h e a d e r ) ; h e a d e r h o s t seq number = n t o h l ( header >seq number ) ; h e a d e r h o s t t y p e = n t o h s ( header >t y p e ) ; h e a d e r h o s t v e r s i o n = header >v e r s i o n ; Manolis Surligas (CSD, UoC) Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming October 18, / 15
18 Socket options Each network application is unique The default socket behavior may not fit the needs of an application The socket POSIX API allows the programmer to alter the default behavior of a socket Eg: - blocking/non-blocking data reception - timeout on transmit/receive - Custom transport layer parameters (TCP window size, Nagle s algorithm etc) Manolis Surligas (CSD, UoC) Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming October 18, / 15
19 Socket options Prototype #i n c l u d e <s y s / s o c k e t h> i n t s e t s o c k o p t ( i n t s o c k e t, i n t l e v e l, i n t option name, c o n s t v o i d o p t i o n v a l u e, s o c k l e n t o p t i o n l e n ) ; level: Corresponds to the layer we want to set the option For TCP and UDP are IPPROTO TCP and IPPROTO UDP Others are defined in netinet/inh option name: The name of the option Available options for TCP and UDP can be found in the man pages (man tcp, man udp) option value: pointer to a variable holding the option value option len: The size of the variable holding the option value Manolis Surligas (CSD, UoC) Advanced Topicson Network Socket Programming October 18, / 15
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