, ( IM A G) (10 cm 10 cm 6. 5 cm ) > 5 ),, m , 2. 5 m. m 2 ), (V PD ),

Transcription

1 T ransactions of the CSA E V o l. 17N o. 6 N ov : (001) Cecilia Stanghellin i (1. ;. Institute of A gricultural and Environm ental Engineering W ageningen N etherlands) : : EC (m S cm ) EC 5. 1% (3. 8% ) ) ; 3. 4% : : ; ; ; (L ycopersicon esculentum ); : S : A 1 ( EC m S cm ) ( IM A G) ; ( EC (Chaser) (10 cm 10 cm 6. 5 cm ) > 5 ) (89 ) m.. 5 m (N a + ) (C l - ) 1. 1 ( 300 m ) : 90% (0 18 ) B ruggink [ 1 ] (V PD ) V PD : Stanghellin i [ ] ) ( H E T 0) : (L E T 0 ) Stanghellin i V an M eu rs [ 3 ] : : : ( 4) Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.

2 L h 4 ) CO 400 LL L h EC = EC ( 1) EC = 9. 1 (N u trien ts) (N ac l) V PD 70% 1 3 ) ( 1) 1 ( EC ) ph 030 d EC 4 1 T able 1Som e basic info rm ation of the experim ents 1996 EC E T L E T N ac l 9 N utrients H E T 0 H E T 0 L E T 0 H E T 0 L E T 0 M J(m d) L h (H E T 0 L E T 0) 4 h V PD T able D iurnal m ean saturated w ater vapo r p ressure deficit (V PD ) and temperature (T ) in h igh and low transp iration treatm ents (H E T 0 and L E T 0) averaged during the treatm ent periods of the various experim ents and outside to tal global radiation (GR ) averaged fo r the w ho le grow ing period V PD kpa T ). EC = 4 H E T 0 EC ( ) EC = 1. 0%8% ; L E T 0 1%18% m in ( GFM ) EC (8 ) ( m in ) GFM = EC (R = H E T 0 ) 8 GFM = EC (R = 0. 95L E T 0 ) EC V PD CO EC H E T 0 m in 5. 1% L E T % N a Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.

3 6 : 87 C l 10% N ac l 3) [ 4 ] A B 4 1) C D E F 1 G H 3 ( ) ) EC 1 [ 5 6 F ig. 1D aytim e w ater up take of a single p lant (liters per p lant per day 1 p l - 1 day - 1 ) at the low transp iration treatm ent (L E T 0) versus the one at the h igh transp iration treatm ent (H E T 0) M aas Hoffm an [ 7 ] (EC ) EC EC Sonneveld W ells [ 8 ]. 5 M aas Hoffm an [ 7 ] EC = (f w ) EC f w = EC (R = H E T 0 ) f w = EC (R = 0. 97L E T 0 ) L E T 0 EC (3. % ) 3) Eh ret Ho [ 9 ] ; EC L E T 0 H E T 0 H E T 0 EC 3. 8% 5. 1% ( 3) H E T 0 ) EC 1. 3% 3EC (% ) ) T able 3Effect of EC and transp iration on fruit dry m atter content (averaged fo r w ho le grow ing period) and dry w eigh t of individual fruit L SD 5% 3 EC % g EC 8 8 % g EC = 9 N ac l N utrients N ac l N utrients 3 % g EC % g : 5% 3 EC (% ) EC : EC 3) 1. 4 EC Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.

4 nutrient so lution on grow th w ater po tentials and o s EC mo tic po tentials of young tom ato p lants in so illess cul EC ture[j ]. So illess Culture (): 819. [ ]Stanghellini C. T ransp iration of greenhouse crop s: an [ ] aid to clim ate m anagem en t [ D ]. PhD dissertation W agen ingen A gric U n iv W agen ingen [ 3 ]Stanghellini C V an M eurs W T h M. Environm ental 90% contro l of greenhouse crop transp iration [J ]. J A gric [ 1 ] Eng R es : % [4 ]L i Yaling. A nalysis of greenhouse tom ato p roduction in relation to salinity and shoo t environm ent[d ]. PhD dissertation W ageningen U niversity W ageningen: [5 ]A dam s P Ho L C. Effect of constant and fluctuating salin ity on the yield quality and calcium statu s of ) [ 13 ] tom atoes[j ]. J Ho rt Sci (6): [ 6 ]Ieperen W V an. Consequences of diurnal variation in EC = salinity on w ater relations and yield of tom ato [D ]. PhD disertation W ageningen A gric U niv W agenin gen [ 7 ]M aas E V Hoffm an G J. C rop salt to lerancecurrent assessm ent[a ]. Journal of the Irrigation and D rainage : D ivision. P roceedings of the Am erican Society of C ivil Engineers[C ] ( IR ): [8 ]Sonneveld C W ellesw H. Y ield and quality of rock w oo lgrow n tom atoes as affected by variations in EC value and clim atic condition s [ J ]. P lan t and so il EC ) : 374. [ 9 ]Eh ret D L Ho L C. T he effect of salinity on dry m at ter partitioning and fruit grow th in tom atoes grow n in nutrient film culture[j ]. J Ho rt Sci (3): EC [ 10 ]Bakker J C. Effect of day and nigh t hum idity on yield and fru it quality of glasshou se tom atoes (L ycopersi ( con esculentum M ill. ) [J ]. J Ho rt Sci (3): ) [11 ]Ho lder R Cock shull K E. Effect of hum idity on the grow th and yield of glasshouse tom atoes[j ]. J Ho rt : Sci (1): [ 1 ]Grange R I H and D W. R eview A rticlea review ( ) of the effects of atmo spheric hum idity on the grow th of ho rticultural crop s[j ]. J Ho rt Sci (): H ugo Challa [13 ]Koning A N M de. D evelopm ent and dry m atter dis [ ] [ 1 ]B ruggink G T Schouw ink H E Coo len E A J M. Ef fects of different day and nigh t o smo tic p ressure of the Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co. Ltd. All rights reserved. tribu tion in glasshou se tom ato: a quan titative ap p roach [D ]. PhD dissertation W ageningen A gric U n iv W agen ingen:

5 6 : 89 Effect of Tran sp ira tion Con trol Under H igh Sa lin ity in a Greenhouse on Toma to Y ield L i Ya ling (1. D ep artm ent of H orticu ltu re S hanx i A g ricu ltu ral U niversity T aig u Ch ina;. Institu te of A g ricu ltu ral and E nv ironm ental E ng ineering W ag ening en N etherland s) Abstract: Fo r the reason of h igh concen tration o r h igh salin ity in clo sed grow ing system due to unbalance of supp ly and ab so rp tion of ion s in nu trien t so lu tion the respon se of tom ato p lan ts to h igh salin ity w as an alyzed under no rm al and con tro lled clim ate (po ten tial tran sp iration) in greenhou seṡ Tw o clim ate treat m en ts a reference ( h igh tran sp iration H E T 0) and a dep ressed tran sp iration ( low tran sp iration L E T 0) w ere com b ined w ith tw o salin ity treatm en ts in 4 pairs: salin ity EC ( electrical conductivity m S cm ) alw ays coup led w ith a reference EC and bo th EC 9 bu t a com parison of concen trated nu trien ts and nu trien ts w ith sodium ch lo ride. It w as show n that m arketab le freshyield p roduction efficiency decreased by 5. 1% fo r each EC un it in excess of EC. T he yield lo ss resu lted from reduced fru it w eigh t (3. 8% per EC un it) and an increased fraction of unm arketab le harvest becau se the num ber of har vested fru its w as no t affected. A t thel E T 0 treatm en t yield lo ss w as on ly 3. 4% per EC un it in acco rdance w ith the reduction in fru it w eigh ṫ N either EC no r clim ate treatm en ts affected individual fru it dry w eigh ṫ It is concluded that tran sp iration con tro l in a greenhou se have the sam e im po rtance fo r tom ato p roduction as salin ity con tro l in roo t environm en ṫ A nd dep ressed tran sp iration m ay reduce the negative effect of h igh salin ity on tom ato yield. Key words: greenhou se; salin ity stress; tran sp iration con tro l; tom ato (L ycopersicon escu len tum ) ; yield Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.