Parity Violation and Topological Currents
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1 Parity Violation and Topological Currents James Charbonneau UBC TRU Science Seminar Series Nov 17th 2011
2 Quantum Field Theory
3 Quantum Field Theory Photons (very tiny particles, see inside circle)
4 Quantum Field Theory Photons (very tiny particles, see inside circle) Magnetic Field
5 Quantum Field Theory Photons (very tiny particles, see inside circle) Magnetic Field Particles are quantum excitations of fields.
6 Quantum Field Theory Particle physics has many particles (fields) and many interactions.
7 The Standard Model
8 The Standard Model GeV? H 0 Higgs Higgs at LHC?
9 The Standard Model We understand this part fairly well.
10 The Standard Model This part is harder to understand.
11 The Standard Model So hard we only usually talk about these.
12 Mathematically (the Lagrangian) looks like this:
13 Mathematically (the Lagrangian) looks like this: How do we build these kinds of models?
14 Symmetries! Henri Poincaré
15 Symmetries! A symmetry is a transformation that doesn t change the physics. Henri Poincaré
16 Symmetries! A symmetry is a transformation that doesn t change the physics. What are some examples of symmetries? Henri Poincaré
17 Symmetries! A symmetry is a transformation that doesn t change the physics. What are some examples of symmetries? We build our models such that they obey the observed symmetries of nature. Henri Poincaré
18 Symmetries! A symmetry is a transformation that doesn t change the physics. What are some examples of symmetries? We build our models such that they obey the observed symmetries of nature. Collection of spacetime symmetries is called the Poincaré Group. Henri Poincaré
19 Conserved Charges! The symmetries of nature imply a quantity is conserved. Emmy Noether
20 Conserved Charges! The symmetries of nature imply a quantity is conserved. What are some conserved quantities? Emmy Noether
21 Conserved Charges! The symmetries of nature imply a quantity is conserved. What are some conserved quantities? What symmetry are they associated with? Emmy Noether
22
23 These three are the Poincare Group
24 These three are the Poincare Group These three gauge symmetries make the Standard Model
25 Symmetries are not always symmetries!
26 Symmetries are not always symmetries! zoom in and structure appears
27 Symmetries are not always symmetries! zoom in and structure appears
28 Symmetries are not always symmetries! zoom in and structure appears Quantum effects break the classical symmetry!
29 Anomalies: Symmetries Broken by Quantum Effects p 2 p 1 q γ σ γ ρ q p 2 q + p 1 γ µ γ 5 p 1 + p 2
30 Anomalies: Symmetries Broken by Quantum Effects p 2 p 1 q γ σ γ ρ q p 2 q + p 1 γ µ γ 5 p 1 + p 2
31 Anomalies: Symmetries Broken by Quantum Effects p 2 p 1 q γ σ γ ρ q p 2 q + p 1 γ µ γ 5 p 1 + p 2
32 Anomalies: Symmetries Broken by Quantum Effects p 2 p 1 q γ σ γ ρ q p 2 q + p 1 γ µ γ 5 p 1 + p 2
33 Anomalies: Symmetries Broken by Quantum Effects p 2 p 1 q For example, gauge symmetries are broken. γ σ γ ρ q p 2 q + p 1 γ µ γ 5 p 1 + p 2
34 Anomalies: Symmetries Broken by Quantum Effects p 2 p 1 q For example, gauge symmetries are broken. γ σ γ ρ q p 2 q + p 1 γ µ γ 5 Classically we have the continuity equation, p 1 + p 2
35 Anomalies: Symmetries Broken by Quantum Effects p 2 p 1 q For example, gauge symmetries are broken. γ σ γ ρ q p 2 q + p 1 γ µ γ 5 Classically we have the continuity equation, p 1 + p 2 but with quantum corrections, But they re not always bad!
36 Chirality The handedness of an object.
37 Chirality The handedness of an object. momentum spin left-handed right-handed
38 Chirality The handedness of an object. momentum spin left-handed right-handed
39 Parity Symmetry Parity transformation is like looking in a mirror. (flips chirality)
40 Parity Symmetry Parity transformation is like looking in a mirror. (flips chirality) A theory violates parity symmetry when the reflection (other chirality) doesn t exist.
41 What side do you drive down? Left? Right?
42 What side do you drive down?
43 What side do you drive down?
44 Parity Symmetry in this Room 1. Left ears vs. Right ears?
45 Parity Symmetry in this Room 1. Left ears vs. Right ears?
46 Parity Symmetry in this Room 1. Left ears vs. Right ears? 2. Dominant hand: left or right?
47 Parity Symmetry in this Room 1. Left ears vs. Right ears? 2. Dominant hand: left or right?
48 Topological Currents
49 Topological Currents = magnetic field = difference in number of left-handed and right-handed electrons
50 Topological Currents = magnetic field = difference in number of left-handed and right-handed electrons Current Needs Parity Violation!
51 Topological Currents
52 Topological Currents Magnetic Field
53 Neutron Stars
54 Neutron Stars 10 km radius 1.4 solar masses 10^12 G magnetic field 1 second spin period
55 Neutron Stars A new laboratory for the standard model!
56 Neutron Stars A new laboratory for the standard model! But they re a little far away.
57 Pulsar (neutron star) Kicks
58 Pulsar (neutron star) Kicks
59 Pulsar (neutron star) Kicks Vela Pulsar
60 Parity Violation in Pulsars Urca Processes, are weak interactions. Only left-handed electrons are created.
61 Parity Violation in Pulsars Urca Processes, are weak interactions. Only left-handed electrons are created.
62 Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)
63 Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)
64 Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)
65 Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)
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