Effective Field Theory
|
|
- Elmer Hubbard
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Effective Field Theory Iain Stewart MIT The 19 th Taiwan Spring School on Particles and Fields April, 2006
2 Physics compartmentalized Quantum Field Theory String Theory? General Relativity short distance quantum gravity electro-weak QCD & quarks Quantum Mechanics Classical Mechanics Special Relativity Classical Electricity & Magnetism Newtonian Gravity long distance nuclei atoms chemistry us But, one doesn t need nuclear physics to build a boat Generality vs. Precision
3 Dynamics at long distance do not depend on the details of what happens at short distance In the quantum realm, λ p1, wavelength and momentum are related, so Low energy interactions do not depend on the details of high energy interactions Good: we can focus on the relevant interactions & degrees of freedom calculations are simpler Bad: Newton didn t need quantum gravity for projectile motion Phew! we have to work harder to probe the interesting physics at short distances
4 Lecture I Outline Top Principles, Operators, Power Counting, Bottom NRQED, Why the Sky is Blue, Weak Decays Operator Counting, Matching, Using Equations of Motion Quantum Loops, Renormalization and Decoupling Summing Large Logarithms Lecture II Lecture III QCD, α s matching, Heavy Quark Effective Theory (An Effective Theory for Static Sources) Soft - Collinear Effective Theory
5 Masses particle mass γ < ev gluon 0 (theory) ν e, ν µ, ν τ m 2 sun = ev 2 m 2 atm = ev 2 e MeV u quark 4 MeV d quark 7 MeV µ 106 MeV s quark 120 MeV c quark 1.4 GeV τ 1.78 GeV b quark 4.5 GeV W boson 80.4 GeV Z boson 91.2 GeV higgs > 114 GeV t quark 174 GeV m proton 1 GeV
6 Lecture I
7 EFT Concepts 1) The ingredients in any EFT: Relevant degrees of freedom, symmetries, scales & power counting 2) Renormalization: Meaning of parameters 3) Decoupling: Effects from Heavy Particles are suppressed 4) Matching: How we can encode dynamics of one theory into another 5) Running: Connecting physics at different momentum scales
8 Example: Hydrogen non-relativistic quantum mechanics parameters: degrees of freedom: mass charges coupling m e Q e, Q p α = e- proton scales: m p = 938 MeV m e = MeV p m e α = 3.7 kev E n = m eα 2 2n 2 = 13.6 ev n 2 (a Bohr ) 1 + corrections Why not quarks? QCD? b-quark charge?? spin? m proton e +? weak force?
9 ( p L(p, e, γ, b; α, m b ) = L(p, e, γ; α 2 ) + O m 2 b b e p coupling changed, it runs: α(0) = α(m W ) = ) suppressed Insensitive to quarks in proton: q p γ m e α (proton size) 1 Λ QCD 200 MeV q q short distance long distance r = Λ 1 QCD
10 Insensitive to proton mass: m e α m p 1 GeV hyperfine splitting (static proton suffices) m2 e m p µ e µ p α 4 from QCD but universal Experiment for m p, µ p is more accurate that QCD computations
11 Non-relativistic Lagrangian m e α m e (no e + ) expand in p m e m p m e,, α QED NRQED short distance theory is more general L NRQED = L 0 + long distance theory where its easier to compute exact answer is irrelevant, work to the desired level of precision n=1 ɛ n L n Leading Order L 0 = ψ ( i 0 2 2m e +... ) ψ + Ψ i 0 Ψ + V (ψ ψ)(ψ Ψ)
12 Non-relativistic Lagrangian m e α m e (no e + ) expand in p m e m p m e,, α QED NRQED short distance theory is more general L NRQED = L 0 + long distance theory where its easier to compute exact answer is irrelevant, work to the desired level of precision n=1 ɛ n L n Symmetries of QED constrain the form of NRQED: Charge conjugation ( ) Parity ( x x ) Time-Reversal ( ) t t Gauge Symmetry Spin-Statistics Theorem e + e constrain the s L n
13 Why L QED = ψ(id/ m)ψ 1 4 F µν F µν? Why L SM? Use: Observed d.o.f. Symmetries Lorentz Invariance Gauge Invariance Unitarity (Hermitian L ) SU(3) SU(2) U(1) Renormalizability ( ) (absorb divergences from loops in finite # of parameters) this was not in our list! Modern Definition: L = L 0 + renormalizable order by order in power expansion ɛ n L n n=1 Ken Wilson
14 Power Counting in Mass Dimension Dimension of Operators (Marginal, Irrelevant, Relevant Operators) Consider S[φ] = d d x ( 1 2 µφ µ φ 1 2 m2 φ 2 λ 4! φ4 τ 6! φ6) (board)
15 ( ) eg. Standard Model C = iγ 2 γ 0 L = L dim [ ] Λ new L T L i Cɛ ijh j H l ɛ lk L k L Left-handed Lepton doublet + L dim Higgs SU(2) doublet ( νl e L ) Exercise 1: Show that this is most general dim-5 operator that is consistent with the symmetries of the Standard Model When the Higgs gets a vev this gives a small Majorana Neutrino Mass
16 eg. Why the Sky is Blue Low energy scattering of photons from neutral atoms in their ground state E γ E m e α 2 a 1 0 m e α M atom Let v µ = (1, 0, 0, 0), atoms are static L = φ v i 0 φ v = φ v iv φ v φ v is field which destroys an atom, mass dim. [φ v ] = 3/2 Interactions are constrained by gauge invariance, parity & charge conjugation. Consider even number of F µν s L int = τ 1 φ v φ vf µν F µν + τ 2 φ v φ vv λ F λµ v σ F σµ even no F µν here [F µν ] = 2 so [τ 1 ] = [τ 2 ] = 3 µ F µν = 0, v µ µ φ v = 0 Very low energy photons do not probe inside the atom, so expect cross section to depend on size of atom: τ 1 τ 2 a 3 0 [σ] = 2 σ A 2 τ 2 i so σ E 4 γ a 6 0 blue light is scattered stronger than red light
17 Exercise 2: Consider QED for photon momenta much less than the mass of the electron. By constructing an appropriate operator in a low energy EFT, estimate the cross section for γγ γγ with 10 kev photons. Include factors of e in your estimate, by considering which QED graphs generate your operator.
18 Can we really use equations of motion to simplify operators? µ F µν = 0, v µ µ φ v = 0 eg. p 2 τ 1 L = 1 2 µφ µ φ 1 2 m2 φ 2 λφ 4 + τg 1 φ 6 + τg 2 φ 3 2 φ { e.o.m. 2 φ = m 2 φ 4λφ 3 L = 1 2 µφ µ φ 1 2 m2 φ 2 λ φ 4 + τg 1φ 6 λ = λ + m 2 g 2 τ g 1 = g 1 4λg 2 (board) Exercise 3: Demonstrate the equivalence for tree level 6-pt functions at, pre- and post- the use of the equations of motion. O(τ)
19 Regularization and Renormalization Regularization: How we cutoff UV infinities in loop integrals Renormalization: How we pick a scheme to give definite meaning to parameters of a theory Computations are easier if our regulator preserve symmetries and preserves power counting by not mixing up terms of different order in the expansion Dimensional Regularization Linearity: Scaling: Translation: d d p(p 2 ) α = { d d p d d p [af(p) + bf(p)] = a d d p f(p) + b d d p g(p) d d p f(sp) = s d d d p f(p) d d p f(p + q) = d d p f(p) = dp p d 1 dω d d = 4 2ɛ 0 for α < 4 and α > 4 no power divergences i 16π 2 ( 1 ɛ UV 1 ɛ IR ) = 0 for α = 4 be careful!
20 Rescale couplings to keep them dimensionless µ eg. g (0) = Z g µ ɛ g(µ) is dim.reg. parameter and acts like a resolution in MS scheme Mass independent regulator eg. L = ψ(i/ m)ψ a M 2 ( ψψ) m M, a 1 gives δm i a M 2 d 4 k (2π) 4 /k + m k 2 m 2 = i a M 2 d 4 k (2π) 4 m k 2 m 2 δm cutoff δm dim.reg. a M 2 Λ a M 2 m2 the cutoff indep. terms are hidden small as expected, power counting manifest
21 Decoupling Theorem If remaining low energy theory is renormalizable then all effects due to heavy particles appear as changes in the coupling constants or are suppressed by 1/M requires a physical renormalization scheme, not true in Solution: MS (board) e-!! We must implement decoupling by hand at µ m e β QED = e3 12π 2 1 α E = m e resolution µ = E β QED = hydrogen E (MeV )
22 Wilsonian vs. Continuum EFT Wilson e S Λ δλ = effective action for soft modes δλ dφ e S Λ e S Λ removing modes with Λ δλ < E < Λ E Λ hard modes soft modes Continuum operators for soft modes Wilson coefficients for hard modes L EFT = C(µ)O(µ) < E O C < Λ (µ) < Λ (µ) Λ E hard modes soft modes Sending Λ to double counts the hard region in matrix < Λ elments of our operators, but we fix (µ) to correct for this. µis the scale where this matching is done. C
23 Top Theory 1 is understood, but it is useful to have the simpler theory 2 at low energies. theory1 Integrate out heavier particles in 1 and match onto 2 L theory1 n Theory 1 & theory 2 agree in the IR, differ in UV eg. NRQED; Remove t,w,z: H weak ; L (n) theory2 Heavy Quark Effective Theory; Soft Collinear Effective Theory theory2 Bottom Theory 1 is unknown or matching is too difficult to carry out analytically Construct n L (n) theory2 by writing down most general set of interactions consistent with symmetries theory1? eg. Standard Model; Chiral Perturbation theory for low energy pion and Kaon interactions theory2
24 EFT Principles 1) Dynamics at low E does not depend on details of dynamics at high E 2) Build an EFT using the relevant d.o.f. and known symmetries. 3) EFT has an infinite number of operators, but only a finite number are needed for a given precision as determined by the power counting. With this precision this set closes under renormalization. 4) EFT has same infrared but different ultraviolet than the more fundamental theory. 5) Nature of high energy theory shows up as couplings and symmetries in the low energy EFT.
25 Effective Field Theories of QCD unstable particles * NRQCD cc states spectrum top quark SCET jets HQET * * bd states ChPT pions * QCD nuclear forces HTL * finite T finite density energetic hadrons perturbative QCD NNEFT * HDET SCET * Lattice QCD
Quantum Field Theory. and the Standard Model. !H Cambridge UNIVERSITY PRESS MATTHEW D. SCHWARTZ. Harvard University
Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model MATTHEW D. Harvard University SCHWARTZ!H Cambridge UNIVERSITY PRESS t Contents v Preface page xv Part I Field theory 1 1 Microscopic theory of radiation 3 1.1
More informationNational Nuclear Physics Summer School Lectures on Effective Field Theory. Brian Tiburzi. RIKEN BNL Research Center
2014 National Nuclear Physics Summer School Lectures on Effective Field Theory I. Removing heavy particles II. Removing large scales III. Describing Goldstone bosons IV. Interacting with Goldstone bosons
More informationEffective Field Theory in Cosmology
C.P. Burgess Effective Field Theory in Cosmology Clues for cosmology from fundamental physics Outline Motivation and Overview Effective field theories throughout physics Decoupling and naturalness issues
More informationIntroduction to perturbative QCD and factorization
Introduction to perturbative QCD and factorization Part 1 M. Diehl Deutsches Elektronen-Synchroton DESY Ecole Joliot Curie 2018 DESY Plan of lectures 0. Brief introduction 1. Renormalisation, running coupling,
More informationLectures on Chiral Perturbation Theory
Lectures on Chiral Perturbation Theory I. Foundations II. Lattice Applications III. Baryons IV. Convergence Brian Tiburzi RIKEN BNL Research Center Chiral Perturbation Theory I. Foundations Low-energy
More informationEffective Theories are Dimensional Analysis
Effective Theories are Dimensional Analysis Sourendu Gupta SERC Main School 2014, BITS Pilani Goa, India Effective Field Theories December, 2014 Outline Outline The need for renormalization Three simple
More informationEffective Field Theory for Cold Atoms I
Effective Field Theory for Cold Atoms I H.-W. Hammer Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt and Extreme Matter Institute EMMI School on Effective Field Theory across Length Scales, ICTP-SAIFR, Sao Paulo,
More informationEffective Field Theory for Nuclear Physics! Akshay Vaghani! Mississippi State University!
Effective Field Theory for Nuclear Physics! Akshay Vaghani! Mississippi State University! Overview! Introduction! Basic ideas of EFT! Basic Examples of EFT! Algorithm of EFT! Review NN scattering! NN scattering
More informationPhysics 4213/5213 Lecture 1
August 28, 2002 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction Physics 4213/5213 Lecture 1 There are four known forces: gravity, electricity and magnetism (E&M), the weak force, and the strong force. Each is responsible
More informationWhat is Renormalization?
What is Renormalization? Peter Lepage Cornell University February 2006 A History (of Sorts) An example: but g e 2 = 1 + α 0 2π + α2 0 + 2 α 3 0 + α 0 = α 1 α 2 α 2 = α (1 + α + ) Taylor expansion in powers
More informationTheory of Elementary Particles homework VIII (June 04)
Theory of Elementary Particles homework VIII June 4) At the head of your report, please write your name, student ID number and a list of problems that you worked on in a report like II-1, II-3, IV- ).
More information2 Introduction to SCET
INTRODUCTION TO SCET Introduction to SCET.1 What is SCET? The Soft-Collinear Effective Theory is an effective theory describing the interactions of soft and collinear degrees of freedom in the presence
More informationLectures on Standard Model Effective Field Theory
Lectures on Standard Model Effective Field Theory Yi Liao Nankai Univ SYS Univ, July 24-28, 2017 Page 1 Outline 1 Lecture 4: Standard Model EFT: Dimension-six Operators SYS Univ, July 24-28, 2017 Page
More informationFinite Temperature Field Theory
Finite Temperature Field Theory Dietrich Bödeker, Universität Bielefeld 1. Thermodynamics (better: thermo-statics) (a) Imaginary time formalism (b) free energy: scalar particles, resummation i. pedestrian
More informationEffective Field Theory
Effective Field Theory Iain Stewart MIT The 19 th Taiwan Spring School on Particles and Fields April, 2006 Outline Lecture I Principles, Operators, Power Counting, Matching, Loops, Using Equations of Motion,
More informationElectric Dipole Moments and the strong CP problem
Electric Dipole Moments and the strong CP problem We finally understand CP viola3on.. QCD theta term Jordy de Vries, Nikhef, Amsterdam Topical Lectures on electric dipole moments, Dec. 14-16 Introductory
More informationIntroduction to particle physics Lecture 6
Introduction to particle physics Lecture 6 Frank Krauss IPPP Durham U Durham, Epiphany term 2009 Outline 1 Fermi s theory, once more 2 From effective to full theory: Weak gauge bosons 3 Massive gauge bosons:
More informationElectroweak Physics. Krishna S. Kumar. University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Electroweak Physics Krishna S. Kumar University of Massachusetts, Amherst Acknowledgements: M. Grunewald, C. Horowitz, W. Marciano, C. Quigg, M. Ramsey-Musolf, www.particleadventure.org Electroweak Physics
More informationSTANDARD MODEL and BEYOND: SUCCESSES and FAILURES of QFT. (Two lectures)
STANDARD MODEL and BEYOND: SUCCESSES and FAILURES of QFT (Two lectures) Lecture 1: Mass scales in particle physics - naturalness in QFT Lecture 2: Renormalisable or non-renormalisable effective electroweak
More informationThe Strong Interaction and LHC phenomenology
The Strong Interaction and LHC phenomenology Juan Rojo STFC Rutherford Fellow University of Oxford Theoretical Physics Graduate School course Introduction and motivation: QCD and modern high-energy physics
More informationEffective Field Theory. Iain W. Stewart
Updated: September 30, 04 Effective Field Theory Iain W. Stewart EFT Course 8.85, Lecture Notes Massachusetts Institute of Technology PDF version: http://courses.edx.org/c4x/mitx/8.eftx/asset/notes EFT.pdf
More informationIntroduction to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)
Introduction to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) Jianwei Qiu Theory Center, Jefferson Lab May 29 June 15, 2018 Lecture One The plan for my four lectures q The Goal: To understand the strong interaction dynamics
More informationUltraviolet Divergences
Ultraviolet Divergences In higher-order perturbation theory we encounter Feynman graphs with closed loops, associated with unconstrained momenta. For every such momentum k µ, we have to integrate over
More informationParticle Physics Lecture 1 : Introduction Fall 2015 Seon-Hee Seo
Particle Physics Lecture 1 : Introduction Fall 2015 Seon-Hee Seo Particle Physics Fall 2015 1 Course Overview Lecture 1: Introduction, Decay Rates and Cross Sections Lecture 2: The Dirac Equation and Spin
More informationParticle Physics I Lecture Exam Question Sheet
Particle Physics I Lecture Exam Question Sheet Five out of these 16 questions will be given to you at the beginning of the exam. (1) (a) Which are the different fundamental interactions that exist in Nature?
More informationQED and the Standard Model Autumn 2014
QED and the Standard Model Autumn 2014 Joel Goldstein University of Bristol Joel.Goldstein@bristol.ac.uk These lectures are designed to give an introduction to the gauge theories of the standard model
More informationDimensional reduction near the deconfinement transition
Dimensional reduction near the deconfinement transition Aleksi Kurkela ETH Zürich Wien 27.11.2009 Outline Introduction Dimensional reduction Center symmetry The deconfinement transition: QCD has two remarkable
More informationPion-nucleon scattering around the delta-isobar resonance
Pion-nucleon scattering around the delta-isobar resonance Bingwei Long (ECT*) In collaboration with U. van Kolck (U. Arizona) What do we really do Fettes & Meissner 2001... Standard ChPT Isospin 3/2 What
More informationQuantum Field Theory 2 nd Edition
Quantum Field Theory 2 nd Edition FRANZ MANDL and GRAHAM SHAW School of Physics & Astromony, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK WILEY A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication Contents Preface
More informationDerivation of Electro Weak Unification and Final Form of Standard Model with QCD and Gluons 1 W W W 3
Derivation of Electro Weak Unification and Final Form of Standard Model with QCD and Gluons 1 W 1 + 2 W 2 + 3 W 3 Substitute B = cos W A + sin W Z 0 Sum over first generation particles. up down Left handed
More informationRenormalization group methods in nuclear few- and many-body problems
Renormalization group methods in nuclear few- and many-body problems Lecture 2 S.K. Bogner (NSCL/MSU) 2011 National Nuclear Physics Summer School University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Lecture 2 outline
More informationBaroion CHIRAL DYNAMICS
Baroion CHIRAL DYNAMICS Baryons 2002 @ JLab Thomas Becher, SLAC Feb. 2002 Overview Chiral dynamics with nucleons Higher, faster, stronger, Formulation of the effective Theory Full one loop results: O(q
More informationIntroduction to Elementary Particles
David Criffiths Introduction to Elementary Particles Second, Revised Edition WILEY- VCH WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Preface to the First Edition IX Preface to the Second Edition XI Formulas and Constants
More information1 Introduction. 1.1 The Standard Model of particle physics The fundamental particles
1 Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to provide a brief introduction to the Standard Model of particle physics. In particular, it gives an overview of the fundamental particles and the relationship
More informationLectures on NRQCD Factorization for Quarkonium Production and Decay
Lectures on NRQCD Factorization for Quarkonium Production and Decay Eric Braaten Ohio State University I. Nonrelativistic QCD II. Annihilation decays III. Inclusive hard production 1 NRQCD Factorization
More informationOverview. The quest of Particle Physics research is to understand the fundamental particles of nature and their interactions.
Overview The quest of Particle Physics research is to understand the fundamental particles of nature and their interactions. Our understanding is about to take a giant leap.. the Large Hadron Collider
More informationThe Discovery of the Higgs Boson: one step closer to understanding the beginning of the Universe
The Discovery of the Higgs Boson: one step closer to understanding the beginning of the Universe Anna Goussiou Department of Physics, UW & ATLAS Collaboration, CERN Kane Hall, University of Washington
More informationarxiv: v1 [hep-ph] 16 Apr 2018
Location: Les Houches is a village located in Chamonix valley, in the French Alps. Established in 95, the arxiv:804.05863v [hep-ph] 6 Apr 208 SESSION CVIII Effective Field Theory in Particle Physics and
More informationA first trip to the world of particle physics
A first trip to the world of particle physics Itinerary Massimo Passera Padova - 13/03/2013 1 Massimo Passera Padova - 13/03/2013 2 The 4 fundamental interactions! Electromagnetic! Weak! Strong! Gravitational
More informationSpeculations on extensions of symmetry and interctions to GUT energies Lecture 16
Speculations on extensions of symmetry and interctions to GUT energies Lecture 16 1 Introduction The use of symmetry, as has previously shown, provides insight to extensions of present physics into physics
More informationQCD in the light quark (up & down) sector (QCD-light) has two mass scales M(GeV)
QCD in the light quark (up & down) sector (QCD-light) has two mass scales M(GeV) 1 m N m ρ Λ QCD 0 m π m u,d In a generic physical system, there are often many scales involved. However, for a specific
More informationThe Physics of Particles and Forces David Wilson
The Physics of Particles and Forces David Wilson Particle Physics Masterclass 21st March 2018 Overview David Wilson (TCD) Particles & Forces 2/30 Overview of Hadron Spectrum Collaboration (HadSpec) scattering
More information21 Renormalization group
Renormalization group. Renormalization and interpolation Probably because they describe point particles, quantum field theories are divergent. Unknown physics at very short distance scales, removes these
More informationLecture 03. The Standard Model of Particle Physics. Part II The Higgs Boson Properties of the SM
Lecture 03 The Standard Model of Particle Physics Part II The Higgs Boson Properties of the SM The Standard Model So far we talked about all the particles except the Higgs If we know what the particles
More informationQCD, Factorization, and the Soft-Collinear Effective Theory
QCD Factorization and the Soft-Collinear Effective Theory Iain W. Stewart MIT The 9th International Conference on B Physics at Hadron Machines Oct. 14-18 (Beauty 2003) Iain Stewart p.1 Outline Motiviation
More informationElementary particles and typical scales in high energy physics
Elementary particles and typical scales in high energy physics George Jorjadze Free University of Tbilisi Zielona Gora - 23.01.2017 GJ Elementary particles and typical scales in HEP Lecture 1 1/18 Contents
More informationWho is afraid of quadratic divergences? (Hierarchy problem) & Why is the Higgs mass 125 GeV? (Stability of Higgs potential)
Who is afraid of quadratic divergences? (Hierarchy problem) & Why is the Higgs mass 125 GeV? (Stability of Higgs potential) Satoshi Iso (KEK, Sokendai) Based on collaborations with H.Aoki (Saga) arxiv:1201.0857
More informationIntroduction to Operator Product Expansion
Introduction to Operator Product Expansion (Effective Hamiltonians, Wilson coefficients and all that... ) Thorsten Feldmann Neckarzimmern, March 2008 Th. Feldmann (Uni Siegen) Introduction to OPE March
More informationN and (1232) masses and the γn transition. Marc Vanderhaeghen College of William & Mary / Jefferson Lab
N and (1232) masses and the γn transition Marc Vanderhaeghen College of William & Mary / Jefferson Lab Hadron Structure using lattice QCD, INT, April 4, 2006 Outline 1) N and masses : relativistic chiral
More informationElementary Particles, Flavour Physics and all that...
Elementary Particles, Flavour Physics and all that... 1 Flavour Physics The term Flavour physics was coined in 1971 by Murray Gell-Mann and his student at the time, Harald Fritzsch, at a Baskin-Robbins
More informationIntroduction to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)
Introduction to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) Jianwei Qiu August 16 19, 018 Four Lectures The 3 rd WHEPS, August 16-4, 018, Weihai, Shandong q The Goal: The plan for my four lectures To understand the strong
More informationAnomaly. Kenichi KONISHI University of Pisa. College de France, 14 February 2006
Anomaly Kenichi KONISHI University of Pisa College de France, 14 February 2006 Abstract Symmetry and quantization U A (1) anomaly and π 0 decay Origin of anomalies Chiral and nonabelian anomaly Anomally
More informationWeak interactions. Chapter 7
Chapter 7 Weak interactions As already discussed, weak interactions are responsible for many processes which involve the transformation of particles from one type to another. Weak interactions cause nuclear
More informationQFT Dimensional Analysis
QFT Dimensional Analysis In the h = c = 1 units, all quantities are measured in units of energy to some power. For example m = p µ = E +1 while x µ = E 1 where m stands for the dimensionality of the mass
More informationThe Higgs boson. Marina Cobal University of Udine
The Higgs boson Marina Cobal University of Udine Suggested books F.Halzen, A.D.Martin, Quarks & Leptons: An Introductory Course in Modern Particle Physics, Wiley 1984 Cap.14,15 W.E.Burcham,M.Jobes, Nuclear
More informationLecture II: Owe Philipsen. The ideal gas on the lattice. QCD in the static and chiral limit. The strong coupling expansion at finite temperature
Lattice QCD, Hadron Structure and Hadronic Matter Dubna, August/September 2014 Lecture II: Owe Philipsen The ideal gas on the lattice QCD in the static and chiral limit The strong coupling expansion at
More informationTheory toolbox. Chapter Chiral effective field theories
Chapter 3 Theory toolbox 3.1 Chiral effective field theories The near chiral symmetry of the QCD Lagrangian and its spontaneous breaking can be exploited to construct low-energy effective theories of QCD
More informationEffective Field Theory and EDMs
ACFI EDM School November 2016 Effective Field Theory and EDMs Vincenzo Cirigliano Los Alamos National Laboratory 1 Lecture III outline EFT approach to physics beyond the Standard Model Standard Model EFT
More informationNational Nuclear Physics Summer School Lectures on Effective Field Theory. Brian Tiburzi. RIKEN BNL Research Center
2014 National Nuclear Physics Summer School Lectures on Effective Field Theory I. Removing heavy particles II. Removing large scales III. Describing Goldstone bosons IV. Interacting with Goldstone bosons
More informationHow I learned to stop worrying and love the tachyon
love the tachyon Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics Potsdam 6-October-2008 Historical background Open string field theory Closed string field theory Experimental Hadron physics Mesons mass
More informationHunting New Physics in the Higgs Sector
HS Hunting New Physics in the Higgs Sector SM Higgs Sector - Test of the Higgs Mechanism Oleg Kaikov KIT, Seminar WS 2015/16 Prof. Dr. M. Margarete Mühlleitner, Dr. Roger Wolf, Dr. Hendrik Mantler Advisor:
More informationLecture II. QCD and its basic symmetries. Renormalisation and the running coupling constant
Lecture II QCD and its basic symmetries Renormalisation and the running coupling constant Experimental evidence for QCD based on comparison with perturbative calculations The road to QCD: SU(3) quark model
More informationWhy Be Natural? Jonathan Bain. Department of Technology, Culture and Society Tandon School of Engineering, New York University Brooklyn, New York
Why Be Natural? Jonathan Bain Department of Technology, Culture and Society Tandon School of Engineering, New York University Brooklyn, New York 1. How to Construct an EFT. 2. Why Be Natural? - Modest
More informationQFT Dimensional Analysis
QFT Dimensional Analysis In h = c = 1 units, all quantities are measured in units of energy to some power. For example m = p µ = E +1 while x µ = E 1 where m stands for the dimensionality of the mass rather
More informationWeek 3: Renormalizable lagrangians and the Standard model lagrangian 1 Reading material from the books
Week 3: Renormalizable lagrangians and the Standard model lagrangian 1 Reading material from the books Burgess-Moore, Chapter Weiberg, Chapter 5 Donoghue, Golowich, Holstein Chapter 1, 1 Free field Lagrangians
More informationWeak interactions and vector bosons
Weak interactions and vector bosons What do we know now about weak interactions? Theory of weak interactions Fermi's theory of weak interactions V-A theory Current - current theory, current algebra W and
More informationThe Phases of QCD. Thomas Schaefer. North Carolina State University
The Phases of QCD Thomas Schaefer North Carolina State University 1 Motivation Different phases of QCD occur in the universe Neutron Stars, Big Bang Exploring the phase diagram is important to understanding
More informationPHY357 Lecture 14. Applications of QCD. Varying coupling constant. Jets and Gluons. Quark-Gluon plasma. Colour counting
PHY357 Lecture 14 Applications of QCD Varying coupling constant Jets and Gluons Quark-Gluon plasma Colour counting The proton structure function (not all of section 5.8!) Variable Coupling Constants! At
More informationSymmetries in Effective Field Theory
Symmetries in Effective Field Theory Sourendu Gupta SERC Main School 2014, BITS Pilani Goa, India Effective Field Theories December, 2014 Outline Outline Symmetries in EFTs Softly broken symmetries in
More informationSUPERSYMETRY FOR ASTROPHYSICISTS
Dark Matter: From the Cosmos to the Laboratory SUPERSYMETRY FOR ASTROPHYSICISTS Jonathan Feng University of California, Irvine 29 Jul 1 Aug 2007 SLAC Summer Institute 30 Jul 1 Aug 07 Feng 1 Graphic: N.
More informationContents. Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition
Contents Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Notes xiii xv xvii 1 Basic Concepts 1 1.1 History 1 1.1.1 The Origins of Nuclear Physics 1 1.1.2 The Emergence of Particle Physics: the
More informationPart I: Heavy Quark Effective Theory
Part I: Thomas Mannel CERN-PH-TH and Theoretische Physik I, Siegen University KITPC, June 24th, 2008 Contents Motivation 1 Motivation Weak Interaction Reminder Peculiarties of the Standard Model 2 EFT
More informationHomework 3: Group Theory and the Quark Model Due February 16
Homework 3: Group Theory and the Quark Model Due February 16 1. Lorentz Group. From the defining requirement that a Lorentz transformation implemented by a matrix Λ leave the metric invariant: Λ µ ρη ρσ
More informationThe Soft-Collinear Effective Theory. Christian W. Bauer (LBL) and Iain W. Stewart (MIT) Iain W. Stewart (MIT)
Last Compiled June 13, 014 The Soft-Collinear Effective Theory Christian W. Bauer (LBL) and Iain W. Stewart (MIT) TASI Lecture Notes 013 and 014 & Iain W. Stewart (MIT) EFT course 8.851 and edx course
More informationAn Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics
An Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics W. N. COTTINGHAM and D. A. GREENWOOD Ж CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface. page xiii Notation xv 1 The particle physicist's view of Nature
More informationElementary Particle Physics
Yorikiyo Nagashima Elementary Particle Physics Volume 2: Foundations of the Standard Model WILEY- VCH WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Contents Preface XI Acknowledgments XV Color Plates XVII Part One
More informationElectroweak physics and the LHC an introduction to the Standard Model
Electroweak physics and the LHC an introduction to the Standard Model Paolo Gambino INFN Torino LHC School Martignano 12-18 June 2006 Outline Prologue on weak interactions Express review of gauge theories
More informationRG flow of the Higgs potential. Holger Gies
RG flow of the Higgs potential Holger Gies Helmholtz Institute Jena & Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena & C. Gneiting, R. Sondenheimer, PRD 89 (2014) 045012, [arxiv:1308.5075], & S. Rechenberger, M.M.
More informationThe Standard Model Part. II
Our Story Thus Far The Standard Model Part. II!!We started with QED (and!)!!we extended this to the Fermi theory of weak interactions! Adding G F!!Today we will extended this to Glashow-Weinberg-Salam
More informationPart III The Standard Model
Part III The Standard Model Theorems Based on lectures by C. E. Thomas Notes taken by Dexter Chua Lent 2017 These notes are not endorsed by the lecturers, and I have modified them (often significantly)
More informationIntroduction to particle physics Lecture 12: Weak interactions
Introduction to particle physics Lecture 12: Weak interactions Frank Krauss IPPP Durham U Durham, Epiphany term 2010 1 / 22 Outline 1 Gauge theory of weak interactions 2 Spontaneous symmetry breaking 3
More informationLight-Cone Quantization of Electrodynamics
Light-Cone Quantization of Electrodynamics David G. Robertson Department of Physics, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210 Abstract Light-cone quantization of (3+1)-dimensional electrodynamics is
More informationElectroweak Theory: 2
Electroweak Theory: 2 Introduction QED The Fermi theory The standard model Precision tests CP violation; K and B systems Higgs physics Prospectus STIAS (January, 2011) Paul Langacker (IAS) 31 References
More informationIntroduction to the SM (5)
Y. Grossman The SM (5) TES-HEP, July 12, 2015 p. 1 Introduction to the SM (5) Yuval Grossman Cornell Y. Grossman The SM (5) TES-HEP, July 12, 2015 p. 2 Yesterday... Yesterday: Symmetries Today SSB the
More informationelectrodynamics and Lorentz violation
Vacuum Cherenkov radiation in Lorentz violating quantum electrodynamics and experimental limits on the scale of Lorentz violation Damiano Anselmi (IHEP/CAS, Beijing, & Pisa University) Lorentz symmetry
More informationQCD on the lattice - an introduction
QCD on the lattice - an introduction Mike Peardon School of Mathematics, Trinity College Dublin Currently on sabbatical leave at JLab HUGS 2008 - Jefferson Lab, June 3, 2008 Mike Peardon (TCD) QCD on the
More informationRG flow of the Higgs potential. Holger Gies
RG flow of the Higgs potential Holger Gies Helmholtz Institute Jena & Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena & C. Gneiting, R. Sondenheimer, PRD 89 (2014) 045012, [arxiv:1308.5075], & S. Rechenberger, M.M.
More informationStandard Model of Particle Physics SS 2013
Lecture: Standard Model of Particle Physics Heidelberg SS 013 Weak Interactions II 1 Important Experiments Wu-Experiment (1957): radioactive decay of Co60 Goldhaber-Experiment (1958): radioactive decay
More informationkev sterile Neutrino Dark Matter in Extensions of the Standard Model
kev sterile Neutrino Dark Matter in Extensions of the Standard Model Manfred Lindner Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg F. Bezrukov, H. Hettmannsperger, ML, arxiv:0912.4415, PRD81,085032 The
More informationPhysics 129 LECTURE 6 January 23, Particle Physics Symmetries (Perkins Chapter 3)
Physics 129 LECTURE 6 January 23, 2014 Particle Physics Symmetries (Perkins Chapter 3) n Lagrangian Deductions n Rotations n Parity n Charge Conjugation Gauge Invariance and Charge Conservation The Higgs
More information2. HEAVY QUARK PRODUCTION
2. HEAVY QUARK PRODUCTION In this chapter a brief overview of the theoretical and experimental knowledge of heavy quark production is given. In particular the production of open beauty and J/ψ in hadronic
More information12.2 Problem Set 2 Solutions
78 CHAPTER. PROBLEM SET SOLUTIONS. Problem Set Solutions. I will use a basis m, which ψ C = iγ ψ = Cγ ψ (.47) We can define left (light) handed Majorana fields as, so that ω = ψ L + (ψ L ) C (.48) χ =
More informationRG flow of the Higgs potential. Holger Gies
RG flow of the Higgs potential Holger Gies Helmholtz Institute Jena & TPI, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena & C. Gneiting, R. Sondenheimer, PRD 89 (2014) 045012, [arxiv:1308.5075], & S. Rechenberger,
More informationSymmetries in Effective Field Theory
Symmetries in Effective Field Theory Sourendu Gupta Mini School 2016, IACS Kolkata, India Effective Field Theories 29 February 4 March, 2016 Outline Outline Symmetries in EFTs Softly broken symmetries
More informationNTNU Trondheim, Institutt for fysikk
NTNU Trondheim, Institutt for fysikk Examination for FY3464 Quantum Field Theory I Contact: Michael Kachelrieß, tel. 99890701 Allowed tools: mathematical tables Some formulas can be found on p.2. 1. Concepts.
More informationHadron Physics & Quantum Chromodynamics Adnan Bashir, IFM, UMSNH, Mexico August 2013 Hermosillo Sonora
Hadron Physics & Quantum Chromodynamics Adnan Bashir, IFM, UMSNH, Mexico August 2013 Hermosillo Sonora Hadron Physics & QCD Part 1: First Encounter With Hadrons: Introduction to Mesons & Baryons, The Quark
More informationSM, EWSB & Higgs. MITP Summer School 2017 Joint Challenges for Cosmology and Colliders. Homework & Exercises
SM, EWSB & Higgs MITP Summer School 017 Joint Challenges for Cosmology and Colliders Homework & Exercises Ch!"ophe Grojean Ch!"ophe Grojean DESY (Hamburg) Humboldt University (Berlin) ( christophe.grojean@desy.de
More informationTop Quarks, Unstable Particles... and NRQCD
Top Quarks, Unstable Particles... and NRQCD André H. Hoang Max-Planck-Institute for Physics Munich (Thanks to A. Manohar, I. Stewart, T. Teubner, C. Farrell, C. Reisser, M. Stahlhofen ) INT Workshop, May
More informationZhong-Bo Kang Los Alamos National Laboratory
Introduction to pqcd and Jets: lecture 1 Zhong-Bo Kang Los Alamos National Laboratory Jet Collaboration Summer School University of California, Davis July 19 1, 014 Selected references on QCD! QCD and
More informationThe mass of the Higgs boson
The mass of the Higgs boson LHC : Higgs particle observation CMS 2011/12 ATLAS 2011/12 a prediction Higgs boson found standard model Higgs boson T.Plehn, M.Rauch Spontaneous symmetry breaking confirmed
More information