Einstein's Energy Formula Must Be Revised

Transcription

1 Eintein' Energy Formula Mut Be Reied Le Van Cuong Information from a iene journal how that the dilation of time in Eintein peial relatie theory wa proen by the experiment of ientit from Canada lat month. It mean that the experimental apparatu uing light 1 for meaurement i orret. "Appendix, A: 4 the meaning of time." Eintein noted that thee potulate eemed to ontradit eah other. Taken together, they did not eem to make ene. The problem, wrote Eintein, wa that the meaurement of poition and time had to be onidered ery arefully. Time, aid Eintein, i omething meaured by a lok. Conider a peial lok intalled on a atellite. At one end of a beam of length L i a flah lamp and detetor. At the other end i a mirror. The light flahe and the mirror reflet the flah to the detetor. The detetor trigger the lamp, produing another flah. Eah flah i like the tik of a lok. Now, thi i not a pratial lok, but it i one that illutrate the priniple. An atronaut at ret with repet to the lok would find that the time between tik, t, would be equal to the ditane traeled, L, diided by the peed of light,. That i, t L /. In other word, t L. If the atellite i moing with eloity in a diretion perpendiular to the tik, onider what an oberer on the earth would ee. The lamp would flah, but in the time it take the flah to reah the mirror, t m, the mirror would hae moed a ditane t m. A hown in Figure A-, the path taken by the light i the hypotenue of a right triangle. The altitude i L, or t/ and the bae i t m. Beaue light moe at the ame eloity for all oberer, the ditane traeled by the light i t m. The Pythagorean theorem tate t + ( t ) ( t ) m m The return trip to the detetion take the ame amount of time. Let t e be the time between tik meaured by the oberer on the earth. Then t e t m, whih i t te The eloity i alway maller than, o the denominator i alway maller than one. Thu t e i alway larger than t. That i, the moing lok on the atellite run lowly a meaured by an oberer on the ground. Thi i alled time dilation. t m t 1

2 Figure A-. Experimental apparatu to meaure time uing light Note: We realize that t i a time paing of frame at ret (Clok at ret) and t e i a time paing of the moing frame (Moing lok). t 1 te, beaue:. So t e t. ( i dilate oeffiient) In my opinion, in fat the light eloity alo hange with the graitational field of the referene frame by a dilate oeffiient: and Eintein formula: E r m o.. whih expree the energy of frame when it moe with hanging ma, pae and time ha to be E r m o.. o. Thi i proed a follow: Sine Figure A- i an experiment apparatu to meaure time uing light, we find that l e.t m.t e i the ditane of tranlation of light in the moing frame and l L.t i ditane of tranlation of light in the frame at ret. We all l 300,000km o and t o are omponent of unit of light eloity: o in the frame at ret. Then o 300,000km o / o. And if we all l e 300,000km r and t e r are omponent of unit of light eloity: r in the moing frame. Then r 300,000km r / r.

3 In the moing frame, (in figure: Moing Clok), Eintein ha written l e..t m.t e. Beaue o 300,000km o / o, o l e 300,000km o / o.t m or l e 300,000km o / o.t e We realize that km o / o i a unit of light eloity: o in the frame at ret and t m or t e r i unit of time in the moing frame. The unit of time: t o in the frame at ret (in figure: Clok at ret) i different from the unit of time: t e r in the moing frame (in figure: Moing lok). The ditane of tranlation of light in the moing frame: l e i only alulated when the unit: km o / o beome km r / r, or the unit of time t e beome t.. So l e r.t e and l e.t e l e /t e.t m /t m. Eintein ha been onfued by thi 300,000km/ in the moing frame. (Eintein forgot to alter from the unit of pae: km o and time: o in the frame at ret to the unit of pae: km r and time: r in the moing km km. frame, or he ould be onfued by the alulation: ' ). Howeer, the experimental apparatu to meaure time uing light a per figure: a- i orret if we onider i only 300,000ontant whih orret in all frame of referene and the unit: km/ of 300,000 will be alulated in pae and time of eah frame of referene. Then, beaue t e r and t o and t e t. and l e r.t e, o l e r.t e 300,000km r / r.t e 300,000km r or l e.t. 300,000km o / o.t. 300,000km o. l. Or the ditane of tranlation of light: l e an be alo alulated a follow: From t m t t l e t m t l t and 1 l e l. We find that the pae whih i denoted by ditane: l e in the moing frame i alo dilate and the light eloity in the moing frame i r l e /t e, thu: le l. 300,000kmr 300,000kmo. r or r o. t t.. e r ( km o / o < km o. / o..km o / o o < r o. ) o 3

4 Thi i beaue pae and time are omponent of eloity and we an ee graph of the omponent of pae, time and light eloity a follow: From a graph of the omponent of pae, time and light eloity, we an illutrate a graph of eloity of light a follow: ( It i eay to make a mitake for the oberer when they are in the frame at ret and ue the unit: km; and alulate the eloity in pae and time of the moing frame with unit: km. ;.. The oberer alway ee and alulate: km km. '. (Of whih i eloity uing: km and, and i eloity in the pae and time uing: km. and.). But the oberer that are in the moing frame in the pae and time haing unit: km. km. and. alway realize that the eloity in their pae and time i only ', and. 4

5 km not: '. To ompare the eloity in the pae and time with unit: km and and the eloity in the pae and time with a unit: km. and., we find that they are imilar, but not equal. So, km. '. km km. km '. >, if > 1 ). Beaue r. o., o Eintein formula: E re m o.. whih expree the energy of frame when it moe with hanging ma, pae and time ha to be E r m o.. o. or E r m o. 3. o. We an onlude that light eloity: o in the frame at ret i different from the light eloity: r in the moing frame and we an t apply 300,000km o / o for the frame whih moe, where the pae and time are hanged. Eintein formula: E re m o.. i inorret and it ha to be reied by E r m o. 3. o. Eintein ha hown the hange of the pae and time in the frame when moing rapidly, but he ha been onfued by hi onept of inariable light eloity. The light eloity in the frame at ret i imilar to the light eloity in the moing frame, but the light eloity in the frame at ret i not equal to the light eloity in the moing frame. We alo hae to undertand that the tranlation of light in the frame at ret and in the moing frame i not in an empty pae or abolute auum. There i no empty pae or abolute auum a per Eintein eond potulate. If it were empty pae, how an it ontrat or expand? The tranlation of light ha been made in the graitational field of the frame at ret and the moing frame. The graitational field of the moing frame i different from the graitational field of the frame at ret. From Eintein formula of energy of the moing frame with extreme eloity: E r.m o. ha to be reied by E r m o.. o.. We find that the ma of the frame at ret i m o and the ma of the moing frame with extreme eloity i.m o. If the ma of the frame at ret (in the figure A: i Clok at ret) i m o and it graitational field in pae i G, then the ma of the moing frame with extreme eloity (in the figure A: i Moing lok) i.m o and it graitational field in pae i.g. The light eloity in the graitational field: G of the frame at ret i o, but the light eloity in the graitational field:.g of the moing frame with extreme eloity i r. o. So when the graitational field of the frame of referene i hanged from G to.g, then the light eloity i alo hanged from o to r. o. We an illutrate the tranlation of light in pae whih i ontained by graitational field of the moing frame a follow: 5

6 In the phyial quantum, when the partile (eletron...) moe with extreme eloity, then it graitational field i inreaed. We an t ee the light eloity:. in an eletron graitational field: r. when it moe with extreme eloity, but we an find that eletron radiu i larger than it origin radiu: r by the dilate oeffiient: and light eloity. an t appear in the area of radiu: r. of eletron. Conluion: Sine 1905, we hae been onfued by Eintein onept of inariable light eloity in an empty pae or abolute auum. In fat, the tranlation of light ha been made in pae, whih i ontained by the graitational field of the referene frame. When thi i hanged, then the tranlation of light i alo hanged. Eintein eond potulate in peial relatie theory ha to be reied by the light eloity hange in the graitational field of the referene frame. At bet, we hould affirm that light eloity i only ontant in eah frame of referene and the three phyial fator (light eloity: km/; pae: km and time: ) in all frame of referene are 6

7 diretly related to one another. If it i hanged, then thee three phyial fator hae to alter to reate a phyial rule of equialene among frame of referene. A formula: E r m o.. whih expree the energy of frame when it moe with hanging ma, pae and time ha to be reied by E r m o.. o.. Only uh a reiion of Eintein eond potulate an atify the equialene between the fixed frame and the moing frame when the latter eloity i a large a light eloity (the Eintein frame). Thu, it an then rightly be aid in phyial iene that light eloity i ontant and equal to 300,000km/ in all inertial frame of referene in the uniere and in the pae and time of eah inertial frame of referene. Hanoi, Noember 19, 007 Le Van Cuong 1 Phyi Priniple & Problem, Merrill Publihing Company-Columbu, Ohio 4316, page 551 and 55: 7