RELEVANT REVIEW ASSIGNMENTS:

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7 RELEVANT REVIEW ANSWER KEYS: MOMENTUM QUIZ REVIEW KEY Intruction: Show your work completely in your journal when anwering the following quetion. 1. If a 3.0 kg object move 10. meter in 2.0 econd, what i it average momentum? v = d t = 10 m 2.0 = 5.0 m p = mv = (3.0 kg)(5.0 m ) p = 15 N 2. An impule of 30.0 N i applied to a 5.00 kg ma. If the ma had a peed of 100. m before the impule, what would it peed be after the impule? I = m v = m(v 2 v 1 ) v 2 = I m + v 1 = 30.0 N 5.00 kg m v 2 = 106 m 3. A 15 N force act on an object in a direction due eat for 3.0 econd. What will be the change in momentum of the object? I = F t = (15 N)(3.0 ) I = p = 45 N 4. A 1.0 kg ma change peed from 2.0 m to 5.0 m. What i the change in the object momentum? p = m v = m(v 2 v 1 ) = (1.0 kg)(5.0 m 2.0 m ) p = 3. 0 N 5. A net force of 12 Newton acting North on an object for 4.0 econd will produce an impule of what? I = F t = (12 N)(4.0 ) I = 48 N 6. A ping-pong gun originally at ret fire a ball. What i the um of the gun and ball momenta after the hot? p before = p after = 0 N

8 7. A moving freight car run into an identical car at ret on the track. The car couple together. Compared to the velocity of the firt car before the colliion, what i the velocity of the combined car after the colliion? p before = p after m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = (m 1 + m 2 ) v mv = (2m)v v = 1 2 v 1 8. If a 54 N impule i given to a 6.0 kg object, what i the object change in momentum? I = p = 54 N 9. Which quantitie do not alway occur in equal and oppoite pair when and interaction take place within a ytem? a. Impule TRUE b. Acceleration FALSE c. Force TRUE d. Momenta change TRUE 10. Object A ha a momentum of 60.0 N. Object B, which ha the ame ma, i tanding motionle. Object A trike object B and top. If the ma of object B i 6.0 kg, what i the velocity of object B after the colliion? p before = p after m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 60 N + 0 = 0 + (6.0 kg)v 2 v 2 = 10. m

9 MOMENTUM AND ENERGY QUIZ REVIEW KEY Intruction: Show your work completely in your journal when anwering the following quetion. 1. Define the following (conceptual definition and equation): a. Momentum Momentum i imilar to inertia in motion; p = m v b. Impule Impule i a force applied over a time interval; I = F t = p c. Conervation of Momentum The momentum of a ytem before an event i equal to momentum afterward. d. Kinetic Energy p before = p after Energy due to motion; E K = 1 2 mv2 e. Potential Energy Energy due to poition/location; E P = mgh f. Mechanical Energy Energy due to motion or location of a phyical body; ME = E K + E P g. Conervation of Energy Mechanical energy of a ytem remain contant before and after an event; h. Elatic Colliion E K1 + E P1 = E K2 + E P2 A colliion where object bounce off each other undamaged; i. Inelatic Colliion m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 A colliion where object bounce off and each i damaged OR object collide and tick together; m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = (m 1 + m 2 ) v

10 UNIT 5 TEST REVIEW KEY Intruction: Show all of your work completely in your journal, including the equation ued in variable form. Pay attention to ig fig and unit; ue complete entence if applicable. 2. What i the kinetic energy for the following object? a. A 65 kg runner moving with a peed of 7.0 m E K = 1 2 mv2 = 1 2 (65 kg)(7.0 m ) 2 E K = 1600 J b. A 2.0 million kg pace huttle with a launch peed of 44 m E K = 1 2 mv2 = 1 2 ( kg)(44 m ) 2 E K = J c. A 5.0 kg bowling ball moving with a peed of 9.5 m d. A 75 kg kier at ret E K = 1 2 mv2 = 1 2 (5.0 kg)(9.5 m ) 2 E K = 230 J E K = 1 2 mv2 = 1 2 (75 kg)(0 m ) 2 E K = 0 J 3. What i the potential energy for the following object? a. A 0.50 kg orange itting on a helf 2.0 meter off the ground E P = mgh = (0.50 kg) (9.80 m 2 ) (2.0 m) E P = 9. 8 J b. A 68 kg nowboarder itting on a ramp 15 meter high E P = mgh = (68 kg) (9.80 m 2 ) (15 m) E P = J c. A 1200 kg car parked in a garage 6 torie up (21 meter) E P = mgh = (1200 kg) (9.80 m 2 ) (21 m) Page 10 of 43

11 E P = J d. A 16 kg box itting on the floor E P = mgh = (16 kg) (9.80 m 2 ) (0 m) E P = 0 J 4. You decide to apply your vat knowledge of phyic to baeball. You wing the bat and, oop, it a pop up. The kg ball tart traight up off the bat at 35 m. a. How much kinetic energy doe the ball have initially? At the top? E K(1) = 1 2 mv2 = 1 2 (0.145 kg)(35 m ) 2 E K(1) = 89 J E K(2) = 0 J b. At the top, what i the ball potential energy? E K1 + E P1 = E K2 + E P2 89 J + 0 = 0 + E P2 E P2 = 89 J c. The catcher catche the ball. Jut before it hit, what i the ball kinetic energy? Potential energy? Kinetic energy i conerved in an elatic colliion. Thu: E K = 89 J E P = 0 J Page 11 of 43

12 5. You go next door from the baeball field and find the local pool. You climb up onto the 10. m platform to take a dive. If your ma i 50. kg: a. What i the change in potential energy when you climb up there? E P = E P(2) E P(1) = mgh 2 mgh 1 = (50 kg) (9.80 m 2 ) (10 m) 0 E P = 4900 J b. You jump. How fat are you going jut before triking the water 10. m below? E K1 + E P1 = E K2 + E P J = E K2 + 0 E K2 = 4900 J E K(2) = 1 2 mv J = 1 (50 kg)v2 2 v = 14 m Page 12 of 43

13 6. A world-cla Olympic athlete tart from ret on top of a 100. meter hill, ki down the incline and make a world-record etting jump. If he ha a ma of 55 kg, ue the information given in the diagram to fill in the miing information. Point A: E P = mgh = (55 kg) (9.80 m 2 ) (100 m) = 53, 900 J E K = 1 2 mv2 = 0 J Point C: ME = E K + E P = 53,900 J ME = contant = 53,900 J Point D: E P = mgh = (55 kg) (9.80 m 2 ) (30 m) = 16, 170 J ME = E K + E P E K = ME E P = J J = 37, 730 J ME = contant = 53,900 J E K = 22,000 J Point E: ME = E K + E P E P = ME E K = J J = 31, 900 J E P = mgh h = E P mg = J (55 kg) (9.80 m 2 ) ME = contant = 53,900 J E P = 0 J = 59 m a. Calculate her velocity at point B and C ME = E K + E P E K = 53, 900 J Point B (equivalent to point D ince they re at the ame height!): E K = 1 2 mv2 = 22,000 J v B = 2E K(B) m = 2(22000 J) (55 kg) Page 13 of 43

14 v B = 28 m Point C: E K = 1 2 mv2 = 37,730 J v C = 2E K(C) m = 2(37730 J) (55 kg) v C = 37 m 7. Ue the law of conervation of energy to fill in the blank at the variou marked poition for a kg roller coater car. A. E P = mgh h = E P mg = J (1000 kg)(9.80 m 2 ) h = 46 m B. E K = 0 v B = 0 m C. ME = E K + E P E K = ME E P = J J E K = 250, 000 J D. E P = mgh h = E P mg = J (1000 kg)(9.80 m 2 ) E. E K = 1 2 mv2 = 200,000 v B = 2E K(B) m F. ME = E K + E P E K = 450, 000 J h = 20. m J) = 2( (1000 kg) v B = 22 m G. E P = mgh E P = 0 J H. E K = 1 2 mv2 = 400,000 v B = 2E K(B) m J) = 2( (1000 kg) v B = 30. m Page 14 of 43

15 TYING IT ALL TOGETHER: REFRESHER FOR UNIT 5 KEY 1. You are rolling bowling ball toward each other for fun (like phyic teacher do in their pare time) at Lucky Strike Lane. You take an 8.0 kg ball and roll it at 2.0 m toward a 12 kg bowling ball at ret. If the 12 kg ball ha a final velocity of 1.5 m, calculate the velocity of the 8.0 kg ball. What type of colliion i thi? Thi i an elatic colliion: p before = p after m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 (8.0 kg)(2.0 m ) + 0 = (8.0 kg)v 1 + (12 kg)(1.5 m ) (16 kg m ) (18 kg m ) = 2.0 kg m = (8.0 kg)v 1 v 1 = m 2. Ue conervation of energy to fill in the blank for the diagram below. Show all of your work! Point 1: E P = mgh = (50 kg) (9.80 m 2 ) (4 m) = 1960 J E K = 1 2 mv2 = 0 J v = 0 m ME = E K + E P = 1960 J Page 15 of 43

16 Point 2: ME = contant = 1960 J E P = mgh = (50 kg) (9.80 m 2 ) (3 m) = 1470 J ME = E K + E P E K = ME E P = 1960 J 1470 J = 490 J = 1 2 mv2 v = 2E K m J) = 2(490 (50 kg) = 4.4 m Point 3: ME = contant = 1960 J E P = mgh = (50 kg) (9.80 m 2 ) (0 m) = 0 J E K = 1960 J = 1 2 mv2 v = 2E K m J) = 2(1960 (50 kg) = 8.9 m Point 4: ME = contant = 1960 J E K = 1 2 mv2 = 1 2 (50 kg)(6 m ) 2 = 900 J ME = E K + E P E P = ME E K = 1960 J 900 J = 1060 J = mgh h = E P mg = 1060 J (50 kg) (9.80 m 2 ) = 2.2 m 3. In ballitic lab, the muzzle velocity of gun (the velocity of the bullet right a it leave the gun) i often found by firing the bullet into a maive block of wood on a frictionle urface and meauring the final velocity of the block. a. What type of colliion i thi? Inelatic colliion b. Given that the ma of the bullet i 13 gram, the ma of the block i 4.0 kg and the final velocity of the block with the embedded bullet i 1.2 m, find the initial velocity of the bullet. p before = p after m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = (m 1 + m 2 ) v (0.013 kg)v 1 + (4.0 kg)(0 m ) = (0.013 kg kg)(1.2 m ) Page 16 of 43

17 (0.013 kg)v 1 = 4.8 kg m v 1 = 370 m c. What i the magnitude of change in momentum experienced by the bullet jut after impact? p = m v = m(v 2 v 1 ) = (0.013 kg)(1.2 m 370 m ) p = 4. 8 N d. If the bullet low to a top in econd, what i the magnitude of average force on the bullet? I = p = F t F = p t F = 4.8 N F = 53 N e. Decribe how momentum and energy are conerved in thi ituation. Kinetic energy i not conerved (ince it an inelatic colliion). Mechanical energy i converted into another form (mot likely ound and heat) o energy i conerved overall. Momentum of the ytem overall i conerved; we mut conider the momentum of the bullet AND the block of wood. 4. A 1200 kg car i crah-teted againt a rigid wall. The car i accelerated by a cable underneath it, which provide a contant force of 500. N for a ditance of 15.0 m. a. What i the velocity jut before it hit the wall? W = E K F d = 1 2 m(v 2 2 v 1 2 ) 2(F d) N)(15.0 m) v = = 2(500 m 1200 kg v = m b. The car crumple zone crumple 2.30 m upon impact. What i the force the car experience upon impact? F = W = E K F d = 1 2 m(v 2 2 v 1 2 ) 1 2 m(v 2 2 v ) = 2 (1200 kg)(02 (3.54 m ) 2 ) d (2.30 m) F = 3210 N Page 17 of 43

18 5. Pat i ready for pring training! The ball i pitched at 45 m and he wing hi bat with an initial peed of 31 m. After the bat and the ball collide, the ball leave the bat at homerun velocity, 67 m. The time of contact i ec. The ma of the bat i 1.0 kg and the ma of the ball i 0.14 kg. a. What i the change in momentum of the baeball? p = m v = m(v 2 v 1 ) = (0.14 kg)(67 m 45 m ) p = N b. What i the force of impact of the bat againt the ball? I = p = 15.7 N I = p = F t F = I t F = 15.7 N F = 10, 500 N c. By how much i the bat lowed down by the impact? I = p = m v v = I m v = 15.7 N 1.0 kg v = m 6. Patty i looking to play a trick on Pat by dropping a water balloon on hi head. Her plan i to climb a tree, it on a branch and drop the water balloon a Pat walk underneath. Sound good, huh? a. If he carrie thi 0.75 kg balloon up a tree 15 m vertically, how much work ha he done to the balloon? W = E P = mg(h 2 h 1 ) = (0.75 kg) (9.80 m 2 ) (15 m 0 m) W = 110 N m b. When Patty drop the balloon on Pat head (approximately 2.0 m above the ground), how fat will the balloon be traveling? (Hint: Ue energy equation!) E K1 + E P1 = E K2 + E P J = 1 2 mv mgh 2 = 1 2 (0.75 kg)v (0.75 kg) (9.80 m 2 ) (2.0 m) v 2 = 16 m c. If Pat think quick, dodge and catche the balloon with a downward motion of hi hand, uch that he exert a contant force on the balloon for 0.30 econd, what i the magnitude of thi force? (Hint: think impule!) I = p F t = m(v 2 v 1 ) = (0.75 kg)(0 16 m ) F = m(v 2 v 1 ) t (0.30 ) F = 40 N Page 18 of 43

19 d. Why would the balloon break if it hit Pat head, but probably not if he caught it with a downward motion? Ue appropriate phyic terminology in your anwer. By catching it with a downward motion, he i increaing the time of contact. Our impule equation how u that thi will decreae the force, thu making it le likely the balloon will break. Page 19 of 43

20 UNIT 5 TEST REVIEW KEY Intruction: Show all of your work completely in your journal, including the equation ued in variable form. Pay attention to ig fig and unit; ue complete entence if applicable. 1. In your own word, define the following term. Include the conceptual definition, equation() and unit(): a. Momentum Momentum i imilar to inertia in motion; p = m v; the unit are kg m or N. b. Impule Impule i a force applied over a time interval; I = F t = p; the unit are kg m or N. c. Conervation of Momentum The momentum of a ytem before an event i equal to momentum afterward. The unit are kg m or N. p before = p after d. Kinetic Energy Energy due to motion; E K = 1 2 mv2 ; the unit are Joule ( J ). e. Potential Energy Energy due to poition/location; E P = mgh; the unit are Joule ( J ). f. Mechanical Energy Energy due to motion or location of a phyical body; ME = E K + E P ; the unit are Joule ( J ). g. Conervation of Energy Mechanical energy of a ytem remain contant before and after an event; the unit are Joule ( J ). h. Work E K1 + E P1 = E K2 + E P2 Work i defined a the tranfer of energy through motion. It equation i W = F d co θ and the unit are N m or Joule ( J ). i. Work-Energy Theorem Work i directly related to a change in kinetic energy. Thi i called the work-kinetic energy theorem. The equation for thi i W = E K = E K2 E K1 and the unit are N m or Joule ( J ). j. Power Power i defined a the rate at which work i done. It equation i P = W and the unit are J t or Watt (W). Page 20 of 43

21 2. Compare and contrat elatic and inelatic colliion. Make ure that you dicu what quantitie are conerved in thee type of colliion! An elatic colliion i one in which object bounce off each other undamaged; momentum and kinetic energy are conerved. An inelatic colliion i one in which object bounce off and each i damaged OR object collide and tick together; momentum i conerved, but kinetic energy i NOT conerved. 3. What are the relationhip between the following quantitie (i.e. invere, directly proportional, etc.)? a. Momentum and Velocity Directly: p α v b. Impule and Time Directly: I α t c. Force and Time Inverely: F α 1 t d. Impule and Δ Momentum Directly: I α p e. Kinetic and Potential Energy Inverely: E K α 1 E P f. Kinetic Energy and Velocity Squared: E K α v 2 g. Potential Energy and Height Directly: E P α h h. Work and Force Directly: W α F i. Work and Δ Kinetic Energy Directly: W α E K j. Power and Work Directly: W α P k. Power and Time Inverely: P α 1 t Page 21 of 43

22 WAVES, WAVE BEHAVIOR, GEOPHYSICS AND SOUND REVIEW ANSWER KEY Intruction: Show all of your work completely in your journal, including the equation ued in variable form. Pay attention to ig fig and unit; ue complete entence if applicable. 4. If you fire a bullet from a pitol and a revolver with a longer barrel, which will have greater velocity when it leave the barrel? Why? Becaue the force tay the ame and the time it i applied over increae, the impule increae. Since impule i directly proportional to change in velocity, thi mean it will have a greater velocity. 5. You are having a water balloon fight with your friend. Why are your water balloon more likely to break if you hit a friend who i not prepared veru letting them catch it? A friend who catche the balloon will mot likely move their hand with the motion of the balloon, thu increaing the time over which the balloon come to ret. Thi mean that the force experienced by the balloon ha a maller magnitude and i le likely to break. 6. Which i more damaging: running into a olid wall or colliding head on (with the ame peed from the wall) with an identical car moving at the ame peed? Why? They are both equally damaging! Think about the Myth Buter clip: Newton 3 rd law mean that they are both experiencing the ame force! 7. Two kier are moving toward each other and collide. If the come to ret at the point of impact, what do we know about their motion before the colliion? They had equal and oppoite momentum before the colliion. We know thi becaue the total momentum after their colliion i 0, o it mut have been 0 before! (Since we don t know their mae, we cannot ay their velocitie were equal and oppoite. We need more information for that). 8. When we talk about work, we are looking at a force cauing motion. What force are doing work in the following ituation? Thee force mut be cauing the motion and in the ame direction a the diplacement! a. A box i puhed 5 meter acro the floor The applied puh force b. A ky-diver fall 100 meter toward the Earth The force due to gravity c. An elevator i lifted 20 meter upward The of tenion in the cable 9. Why i it important for work to depend on diplacement veru ditance? What do we know about work a a reult? Diplacement i a vector! A a reult, work i independent of the path taken! All that matter i the tarting and ending point! 10. Two boat of unequal ma travel acro the bay at the ame peed and in the ame direction. If the water exert the ame frictional force on the boat, how will their topping ditance compare? Page 22 of 43

23 The boat with more ma will have a longer topping ditance. Thi i due to the work-kinetic energy theorem. More ma mean more kinetic energy and thu more work. If work i greater and force i the ame, the ditance mut be longer. 11. Baketball A and B each have a ma of 3.0 kg and are moving at 4.0 m. a. What i Baketball A momentum? Baketball B? p A = p B = mv = (3. 0 kg)(4. 0 m ) p A = p B = 12 kg m b. If A and B are moving in the ame direction, what i the momentum of the ytem? What if they move in oppoite direction? p total = p A + p B = 12 kg m + 12 kg m = 24 kg m p total = p A + p B = 12 kg m 12 kg m = 0 kg m 12. A roller coater cart tart at the bottom of a hill with ome peed. At ome point while moving up the hill, the cart ha a potential energy of 80.0 J and a kinetic energy of 20.0 J. a. When the cart i at the top of a hill and at ret, what i it potential energy? ME = contant = E K + E P = J J = 100. J At the top of the hill, velocity i 0 o kinetic energy i 0 J: E P = 100. J b. What wa the initial peed of the cart at the bottom of the hill if it ha a ma of 85.0 kg? At the bottom of the hill, height i 0 m o potential energy i 0 J: E P = 100. J = 1 2 mv2 v = 2E K m J) = 2(100 (85 kg) v = m 13. An ice kater i at ret on the ice when he catche a prop that her partner threw to her. If the kater ha a ma of 55 kg, the prop i 7.0 kg, and it wa initially moving toward her at 18 m, how fat will the kater with the prop be moving after he catche the prop? p before = p after m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = (m 1 + m 2 ) v 0 + (7.0 kg)(18 m ) = (55 kg kg)v 126 kg m = (62 kg)v v = 2. 0 m Page 23 of 43

24 14. What i the work done by a 35 N force exerted at an angle of 25 to puh a box of tool 15 m? W = F d co(θ) = (35 N)(15 m)co(25 ) W = 480 N m 15. What i the power upplied by a contant 75 N force if the object ha an average peed of 12 m? P = W t = F d t = F v = (75 N)(12 m ) P = 90 0 W Page 24 of 43

25 UNIT 6 QUIZ REVIEW: WAVES, WAVE BEHAVIOR, AND SOUND ANSWER KEY Intruction: Show all of your work completely in your journal, including the equation ued in variable form. Pay attention to ig fig and unit; ue complete entence if applicable. 1. Define and provided example for the following type of wave: a. Tranvere: wave with particle motion perpendicular to wave propagation (i.e. guitar tring, earthquake S-wave) b. Longitudinal: wave with particle motion parallel to wave propagation (i.e. ound wave, earthquake P-wave) c. Surface: wave with particle motion perpendicular AND parallel to wave propagation, reulting in a circular motion (i.e. water wave) 2. What i the only factor that affect the peed of a mechanical wave? Wave peed i a property of the medium through which the wave i travelling. 3. Define and lit the variable for the following term: a. Frequency: The number of complete cycle that pa a fixed point every econd; unit: Hertz (Hz) b. Period: The amount of time required to complete on full cycle; unit: econd () c. Wave Speed: The peed with which energy propagate through a medium; unit: m / d. Amplitude: For tranvere wave: amplitude i a meaure of maximum diplacement from equilibrium. In longitudinal wave: it i the difference in preure between the compreion and rarefaction (perceived a volume in ound wave). e. Wavelength: The ditance from one point on a wave to the ame point on the next wave (i.e.- cret to cret); unit: meter (m) f. Sound Intenity: power of ound per unit area; unit: decibel (db) 4. Sketch and label the following diagram: a. Tranvere Wave: Cret Trough Page 25 of 43

26 b. Longitudinal Wave: 5. Define and ketch a diagram for each of the following wave behavior: a. Contructive Interference b. Detructive Interference c. Reflection d. Fixed v. Free End: Incoming Wave: Fixed: Free: Page 26 of 43

27 e. Refraction f. Diffraction 6. What i the uperpoition principle? What doe it mean for mechanical wave? The uperpoition principle tate that wave can be in the ame place at the ame time. To find the reultant wave amplitude, we imply add the two wave point by point. 7. Define the following: a. Primary Wave: longitudinal wave that arrive firt during an earthquake b. Secondary Wave: tranvere wave that arrive econd during an earthquake c. Epicenter: the point on the earth urface directly above the focu d. Focu: the point where the earthquake occur e. Earthquake: a udden movement occurring to releae tre that build up between plate boundarie f. Tunami: long ea wave that travel up to 1000 km/hr with very long wavelength 8. What are the event that can caue earthquake? Tunami? Earthquake can be caued by tectonic activity, volcanic activity, or large hifting mae. Tunami can be caued by earthquake cauing tectonic diplacement, volcanic eruption cauing eimic activity, landlide above or below water, or ateroid (very rare). 9. What are the 3 type of plate boundarie we learned about? How do plate move relative to each other with thee type of boundarie? At divergent boundarie, plate are moving away from each other. At tranform boundarie, plate move pat each other. And at convergent boundarie, the plate are coming together. (Ocean meeting continental = ubduction zone; Continental meeting continental = mountain) Page 27 of 43

28 10. How do eimograph work? Thi can vary by deign; HOWEVER, the baic are the ame. The main houing of the eimograph i fixed to the earth, o it will hake with eimic activity. The recorder i attached to a free hanging object. The inertia of the recorder keep it from moving with the houing, thu recording the movement of the earth due to the eimic wave! 11. What the difference between a water wave and a tunami? Water wave have circular motion where tunami do not. Thi mean that water wave will cret and break in hallow water. Tunami, on the other hand, keep building amplitude and run quickly inland like a wall of water. 12. Why do the amplitude of tunami increae a they approach the hore? The hallower water act a a different medium, which low down the water in front. The back of the wave i till moving quicker, o it build up, thu increaing the amplitude (like a traffic jam). 13. Define pitch; what wave property i it mot cloely related to? Pitch i the tone of a ound (how high or low omething ound). It i mot cloely aociated with frequency. 14. Define loudne; what wave property i it mot cloely related to? Loudne i the brain interpretation of preure difference in ound wave. Thi i related to the amplitude of the ound wave. 15. If frequency change, what other wave propertie are changed? Are they directly or indirectly related? If frequency change (and the medium i not), the period change inverely (i.e. if frequency increae, period decreae), a doe the wavelength (alo inverely). 16. How doe air temperature affect the peed of ound? Lit an equation to upport your reaoning. Ye! Sound travel fater in warmer air becaue the molecule have more kinetic energy and are thu eaier to propagate through. v ound = T 17. Explain how the following part of your ear are related to your ability to hear: Page 28 of 43

29 UNIT 6/SEMESTER 2 FINAL REVIEW Intruction: Show all of your work completely in your journal, including the equation ued in variable form. Pay attention to ig fig and unit; ue complete entence if applicable. a. Eardrum: The eardrum vibrate when ound wave reach it; thee vibration are then carried a preure wave to the middle ear. b. Hammer: The hammer i a mall bone in the middle ear; it vibrate due to preure wave from the eardrum. c. Anvil: The anvil i a mall bone in the middle ear; it vibrate due to vibration from the hammer bone. d. Stirrup: The tirrup i a mall bone in the middle ear; it vibrate due to vibration from the anvil bone. It then tranmit preure wave to the inner ear. e. Cochlea: The cochlea ha tiny hair connected to nerve receptor. Thee hair vibrate due to the preure wave created by the bone in the middle ear. Thee hair create electrical impule that are ent to the brain and interpreted a ound! 18. Define the following term: a. Infraonic frequencie: frequencie LOWER than 20 Hz b. Ultraonic frequencie: frequencie HIGHER than 20,000 Hz c. Subonic peed: peed SLOWER than the peed of ound (~343 m /) d. Superonic peed: peed FASTER than the peed of ound 19. Define the Doppler Effect. How doe the apparent frequency hift for an oberver baed on the motion of the ource? The Doppler Shift i the APPARENT hift in frequency due to the relative motion of a ound ource to an oberver. When the ource i moving TOWARDS the oberver, the pitch the oberver hear will be HIGHER than the ource frequency and vice vera! 20. A tuning fork with a frequency of 480 Hz i played in a room with a temperature of 25 C. a. What i the period of the ound wave? f = 1 T T = 1 f = Hz T = = b. What i the velocity of the ound wave produced? v ound = T = (25 ) v ound = 346 m c. What i the wavelength of the reulting ound wave? v = fλ λ = v f = 346 m 480 Hz Page 29 of 43

30 λ = m = 721 mm 21. The velocity of the primary wave produced by an earthquake i 8900 m and that of the econdary wave i 5100 m. A eimograph record the arrival of the tranvere wave 74 after the arrival of the longitudinal wave. How far away i the earthquake? d = v t d p wave = v p wave t p wave d wave = v wave (t p wave + t delay ) d p wave = d wave v p wave t p wave = v wave (t p wave + t delay ) (8900 m ) t p wave = (5100 m ) (t p wave + 74 ) (8900 m ) t p wave = (5100 m ) t p wave + 377,400 m (3800 m ) t p wave = 377,400 m t p wave = 99 d p wave = v p wave t p wave = (8900 m ) (99 ) d p wave = 883, 911 m = 883 km Page 30 of 43

31 UNIT 6/SEMESTER 2 FINAL REVIEW 1. Define the Doppler Effect. How doe the apparent frequency for ound wave hift for an oberver baed on the motion of the ource? How doe thi differ from the Doppler Effect for light wave? The Doppler Shift i the APPARENT hift in frequency/wavelength due to the relative motion of a ound ource to an oberver. When a ound ource i moving TOWARDS the oberver, the pitch the oberver hear will be HIGHER than the ource frequency and vice vera! When a light ource i moving TOWARDS the oberver, the wavelength the oberver ee will be SHORTER than the ource frequency, thu the light i BLUE SHIFTED; and vice vera! 2. Define and each of the following wave behavior and provide example from mechanical wave, ound wave, and EM wave (uch a light): a. Interference: Interference i a reult of the uperpoition principle which tate that wave can be in the ame place at the ame time. Contructive interference mean that a wave with larger amplitude i produced; detructive interference mean that a wave with mall amplitude (or even 0!) i produced. We aw a mechanical wave example of thi in the ripple tank demo. In ound wave, interference pattern create beat frequencie. In light wave, interference pattern in Young double lit experiment howed that light ha wave propertie. b. Tranmiion: Tranmiion occur when ome or all wave pa through a material. We aw a mechanical wave example of thi in the ripple tank demo #2. An example from ound would be hearing voice from a neighboring room through the wall. An example from light would be light paing through tiue paper. c. Aborption: Aborption occur when part or all of a wave i blocked by a barrier. Thi occur in ound proofing for ome frequencie of ound. In light, an example would be ubtractive color mixing; i.e. a red roe aborb all frequencie of light except for red. d. Reflection: Reflection i the redirection of wave back into the ame part of the medium they came from a a reult of interaction with a barrier or medium change. We aw a mechanical wave example of thi in the ripple tank experiment #1. In ound, thi can be een with echoe. In light, pectral reflection, uch a with a mirror, reflect light ray parallel to each other. In diffue reflection, light i cattered and thu ha a halo of light, rather than a beam. e. Refraction: Refraction i the bending of wave when they enter a new medium. We aw a mechanical wave example of thi in the ripple tank experiment #2. In ound, we experience refraction with different temperature of air. In light, we ee refraction when medium are changed according to Snell law; thi i alo the reaon that prim can break white light down into the viible pectrum. f. Diffraction: Diffraction i the bending of wave front into an open part of a medium and around corner of barrier. We aw a mechanical wave example of thi in the ripple tank experiment #3. In ound wave, hearing omeone around a corner i an Page 31 of 43

32 example of diffraction. In light wave, light diffract around cloud, creating ome very cool pattern! 3. What i a beat frequency? Why i the pattern of beat produced? A beat frequency i produced by ound wave interference. Repeating pattern of contructive and detructive interference when two ource have different frequencie create a pattern of loud and oft beat. The number of beat per econd i called the beat frequency and i equal to the difference in frequency of the two ource. a. A tuning fork ha a frequency of 465 Hz. When a econd tuning fork i truck, beat interference pattern occur with a beat frequency of 5 Hz. What i the lowet and highet frequency of the econd fork? LOWEST FREQUENCY: 465Hz 5Hz = 460 Hz HIGHEST FREQUENCY: 465Hz + 5Hz= 470 Hz 4. What i a tanding wave and how i it created? What are node and anti-node? A tanding wave i created when a wave reflect back on itelf. Contructive interference create area of maximum diplacement called node and detructive interference created anti-node which remain tationary. a. Sketch tanding wave in a tring for the firt 4 harmonic. What general equation can be applied to tanding wave in a tring? n λ L = 2 Page 32 of 43

33 5. Sketch tanding wave in an open-end reonator for the firt 4 harmonic. What general equation do we ue for tanding wave in an open pipe? n λ L = 2 a. A flute act a an open-end reonator. If the flute ha a reonant length of 25 cm, what i the wavelength of the 3 rd harmonic frequency? n λ 2 L L = λ = 2 n = 2(0. 25m) 3 λ = m 6. Sketch tanding wave in a cloed-end reonator for the firt 4 harmonic. What general equation do we ue for tanding wave in a cloed pipe? n λ L = 4 Page 33 of 43

34 a. An organ pipe act a a cloed-end reonator. What i the length of an organ pipe which ha a fundamental frequency of 18 Hz? v = fλ λ = v f = 343 m = 19 m 18 Hz n λ 1(19 m) L = = 4 4 L = 4. 8 m 7. What i an EM Wave? What i the Electromagnetic Spectrum? How i it laid out in term of frequency, wavelength, and energy? An electromagnetic wave i a caued by imultaneou ocillation in the electric and magnetic field. It i a 2 dimenional tranvere wave. The EM pectrum organize different type of EM wave from longet to hortet wavelength. Wave are alo arranged in order from lowet to highet energy and frequencie. 8. Lit application of the following type of EM wave: a. Gamma Ray: nuclear reaction product, cancer treatment, terilization b. X-Ray: medical imaging, airport ecurity, deep pace telecope c. Ultraviolet Ray: tanning, forgery prevention, terilization d. Viible Light: eye, laer, technology uch a CD and DVD player, printer e. Infrared Radiation: remote control, healing injurie, thermal imaging f. Microwave: cooking, cell phone, radar, peed camera g. Radio Wave: communication Page 34 of 43

35 9. What i the peed of light? If it i contant, why doe it ometime eem to change with the medium? The peed of light i contant: c = 3.00 x 10 8 m/. Sometime it eem lower in a medium becaue it ha to take a longer path to get through the medium. The dener a medium i, the more the light will bounce around while paing through it! (Think about the preidential analogy video we aw in cla) 10. Explain Snell Law and index of refraction. Snell law i the law of refraction for light wave. The index of refraction i a property of a medium that affect the angle of refraction. a. Lit the equation for each and explain each of the variable. n 1 in θ 1 = n 2 in θ 2 Where n1 i the index of refraction in the incident medium,θ1 i the incident angle, n2 i the index of refraction in the refractive medium, and θ2 i the refractive angle. n = c v Where n i the index of refraction, c i the peed of light, and v i the peed of light in the medium for which we are determining the index of refraction. b. A beam of light pae from water into gla. The index of refraction for water (n water) i 1.33 and the angle of incidence i 25. If the angle of refraction i 22, what i the index of refraction for gla? n 1 in θ 1 = n 2 in θ 2 n 2 = n 1 in θ 1 in θ 2 = in 25 in 22 n 2 = Define total internal reflection. Total internal reflection occur when light fall on a urface of a le optically dene medium at an angle of incidence equal to or greater than the critical angle of the ubtance. There i no refracted ray; occur at critical angle. a. What i the critical angle and how doe it relate to total internal reflection? The critical angle i the angle of incidence in the more optically dene medium at which the angle of refraction in the le optically dene medium i exactly 90. If the incident angle of an incoming light beam i greater than the critical angle, total internal reflection will occur. b. What are ome application of total internal reflection? Total internal reflection i ued in fiber optic technology and binocular.

36 12. What i the range of the viible pectrum from hortet to longet wavelength? 400 (violet) 700 nm (red) a. What color do we typically ay make up the viible pectrum? ROYGBIV b. I white a color of light? Why or why not? NO! White light i the preence of all color of the viible pectrum. c. Why are unet red? Why i the ky blue? Sunet are red becaue red wavelength of light urvive being cattered by the air before reaching our eye. The ky i blue becaue blue wavelength of light are cattered by the air molecule, o when we look up, we ee all the cattered blue light! d. What i the relationhip between energy and frequency for a photon? A the energy of a photon increae, it frequency increae a well. 13. How can we ue prim to prove white light i made up of all the viible color of light? What i diperion? Prim break white light into the viible pectrum. They do thi uing refraction and diperion. Diperion i a phenomenon in which the angle of refraction depend on the wavelength of light. Thi mean that different color of light bend at different angle, thu creating the viible pectrum. 14. Draw and label a diagram for both additive and ubtractive color mixing. Additive Color Mixing Subtractive Color Mixing a. What are example of additive color mixing? Subtractive color mixing? Additive color mixing applie to light and our eye. Subtractive color mixing happen with colored pigment, ink, and dye. b. What are the primary, econdary, and complementary color of light? The primary color of light are red, blue, and green. The econdary color of light are cyan, yellow, and magenta. The complementary color are blue and yellow; green and magenta; & red and cyan. Page 36 of 43

37 c. What are the primary and econdary color of ink/pigment? The primary color of pigment/ink are cyan, yellow, and magenta. The econdary color of pigment/ink are red, blue, and green. d. I black a color of light? Why or why not? Black i a lack of color/light! Thu it i not a color at all. e. If you hine a red flahlight and a blue flahlight at a white wall, what color will you ee where the flahlight beam overlap? Thi i additive color mixing: red + blue = MAGENTA light f. What color i a yellow ball when viewed under cyan light? The ball i yellow becaue of ubtractive color mixing: blue light i ubtracted/aborbed. We ee yellow light becaue of additive color mixing: green and red light are reflected. Cyan light i a mixture of blue and green light; ince blue i aborbed, we will ee the ball a GREEN. 15. You decide to kick off your ummer with a relaxing cruie around Lake Sammamih in your friend boat. But a torm roll in to ruin your fun! a. If the temperature drop to 15.0 C, what i the peed of ound in air on the lake? v ound = T = (15 ) v ound = 340 m b. You ee a big flah of lightening and count 2.60 econd before hearing the thunder. How far away i the torm? v = d t d = v t = (340 m )(2. 60 ) d = 884 m c. How far did the flah of lightening travel in the 2.60 econd it took for the ound wave from the thunder to reach you? v = d t d = v t = ( m )(2. 60 ) d = 780, 000, 000 = m d. If the rumble of the thunder had an average frequency of 95 Hz, what wa the wavelength of the ound wave? v = fλ λ = v f = 340 m 95 Hz λ = m Page 37 of 43

38 e. What i the period of the thunder ound wave? f = 1 T T = 1 f = 1 95 Hz T = = Page 38 of 43

39 Phyic SEMESTER 2 FINAL: EQUATION SHEET CLASS COPY PHYSICAL CONSTANTS g = 9.80 m 2 v ound = 343 m I o = W 2 v light = m UNIT 1 CONVERSION FACTORS: 1 mi = 1609 m 1 in = 2.54 cm 1 hr = 3600 UNIT 2 (KINEMATICS) EQUATIONS: Linear Motion: v = d o t = d t v v = v 1 + v 2 2 Δv = v 2 v 1 and d = v t 1 kg = 2.2 lb 1 lb = 454 g 1 cm 3 = 1 ml a = v 2 v 1 t v 2 = v 1 + at v 2 2 = v ad d = v 1 t at2 Free Fall Motion: v = g t d = 1 2 gt2 UNIT 3 (VECTORS AND PROJECTILES) EQUATIONS: Vector Addition: in θ = oppoite hypotenue a 2 + b 2 = c 2 Projectile Motion: v vert (initial) = v initial in θ Δv vertical = g t v vert (final) = g t down t up = v vert (initial) g co θ = adjacent hypotenue R = R x 2 + R y 2 tan θ = oppoite adjacent θ = tan 1 ( R y R x ) v horizontal = v initial co θ d horizonal = v horizonal t total d horizonal = range = v initial 2 in(2θ) g t total = t up + t down d vertical = 1 2 gt2 Page 39 of 43

40 UNIT 4 (FORCES AND NEWTON S LAWS) EQUATIONS: F net = m a Vertical Motion: F up = m(a + g) F g = m g F up = m(g a) UNIT 5 (DYNAMICS) EQUATIONS: Momentum and Impule: p = m v p before = p after Energy: E K = 1 2 mv2 Impule = F t Impule = p = p 2 p 1 = m v E p = mgh E K1 + E P1 = E K2 + E P2 Work and Power: W = F d co θ W = E K = E K2 E K1 P = W t = E t F d P = = F v t UNIT 6 (WAVES) EQUATIONS: Mechanical Wave: Sound Wave: v = λ T v ound = T λ oberver = v ound ± v ource f ource f = 1 T v = fλ db = 10 log ( I ) I o v ound f oberver = f v ound ± v ource ource Standing Wave: Light Wave: n λ L = 2 n λ L = 4 L = λ 2 L = λ 4 n 1 in θ 1 = n 2 in θ 2 Page 40 of 43

41 UNIT STUDY GUIDES FOR SEMESTER 2 FINAL EXAM:

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