Appendix A: Mercury Emissions Associated with Electricity Production and Consumption in Minnesota,

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1 Appendix A Air Quality in Minnesota: 2009 Report to the Legislature Appendix A: Merury Emissions Assoiated with Eletriity Prodution and Consumption in Minnesota, Introdution In aordane with Minnesota Statute , this appendix reports merury emissions assoiated with eletriity prodution and onsumption in Minnesota. In addition to eletriity, merury emissions are assoiated with other energy prodution ativities, taonite proessing and releases from the use of merury in produts. Emissions soures and impats are summarized at the end of this doument. In 2007, the Minnesota Pollution Control Ageny (MPCA) established an emissions redution goal and is now implementing stakeholder reommendations to meet the goal. More information about Minnesota s merury emissions and redution strategies an be found at Merury Emissions from Eletriity Generation Minnesota Statutes setion requires produers and retailers of eletriity to report the amount of merury emitted through the generation of eletriity. This law also requires the MPCA to summarize this information in its biennial air toxis report to the legislature. Emissions from 2006 and 2007 are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. Minnesota law exempts ertain eletri-generation failities from reporting merury emissions: (1) those that operate less than 240 hours per year, (2) ombustion units that generate fewer than 150 British thermal units (Btu) per hour, (3) generation units with a maximum output of 15 megawatts or less, and (4) ombustion failities that emit less than three pounds of merury in a given year. Therefore, generation failities that do not emit any merury, suh as nulear, wind and hydroeletri, are not reported here. Although not required to annually report to the MPCA, Tables 1 and 2 inlude some ombustion failities that emit less than three pounds per year beause of exellent pollution ontrol or beause they use lowmerury fuel, suh as natural gas. In addition, beause of variation in operating onditions, some failities may emit more than three pounds one year and less than three pounds in another. When emissions are less than three pounds, the atual emissions are either given or listed as exempt, depending on the wishes of the faility s management. Submissions from 62 generation units in Minnesota are summarized in Table 1. The major fuel for most units was oal, although some failities depend on muniipal solid waste, oil or natural gas for fuel. The law also requires Minnesota retailers and wholesalers of eletriity produed outside the state to report merury emissions assoiated with prodution; this information is summarized in Table 2. Inluded in Table 2 are Minnesota distribution ooperatives that distribute eletriity to onsumers but do not generate any eletriity. All retailers of eletriity are required to report merury emissions assoiated with the generation of the eletriity they distribute. In the ase of Minnesota s distribution ooperatives, most of their eletriity was generated in North Dakota, South Dakota and Wisonsin. The information is provided to the distribution ooperatives by their suppliers,,, and East River Eletri Power. The alulated merury emissions, in milligrams per megawatt-hour from eah supplier may vary beause of varying amounts of eletriity purhased from the grid and beause of the varying amounts of hydroeletri power used by eah distribution ooperative. For 2006, failities in Minnesota reported the emission of 1,746 pounds of merury in the prodution of 36,566,484 MWh of eletriity and a median release rate of 15 mg/mwh. For 2007, reported emissions A-1

2 Appendix A Air Quality in Minnesota: 2009 Report to the Legislature dereased to 1,302 pounds in the prodution of 35,557,082 MWh, an average emission rate of 16 mg/mwh. Reports of eletriity onsumed in Minnesota, but produed outside the state, in 2006 totaled 18,467,858 MWh assoiated with merury-emitting failities. These failities emitted 1,491 pounds of merury, with a median emission rate of 33 mg/mwh. Reports for 2007 were similar, totaling 18,865,932 MWh and 1,475 pounds of merury emitted. The median emission rate for 2007 was 32 mg/mwh. The use of lignite oal as a fuel at power-generating failities outside the state appears to be largely responsible for the higher ratio of merury emissions to MWh for out-of-state produers (32 to 33 mg/mwh) ompared to Minnesota produers (15 to 16 mg/mwh). Lignite oal ontains more merury per Btu than other types of oal. Summing Tables 1 and 2 yields estimates of merury emissions assoiated with eletriity prodution and onsumption in Minnesota. In 2006, 3,237 pounds of merury were reported as emitted in the prodution of 57,034,342 megawatt MWh. In 2007, 2,777 pounds of merury were reported as emitted in the prodution of 54,423,014 MWh. A signifiant proportion of merury emissions assoiated with Minnesota s eletrial prodution and onsumption ourred outside the state: about 46 perent in 2006 and 53 perent in Minnesota Merury Emission Soures In addition to eletriity generation, merury emissions are assoiated with a variety of other ativities in Minnesota whih the MPCA divides into three ategories: (1) emissions inidental to energy prodution (inluding eletriity), (2) emissions due to purposeful use and (3) emissions due to material proessing. The MPCA estimates that in 2005, emissions from Minnesota soures totaled 3,341 pounds. In 2007, the MPCA established a goal of reduing merury emissions by about 76 perent from 2005 levels to below 800 pounds. This target was established through the development of a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) study as part of Clean Water At requirements to address impaired waters in the state. Ahieving this target will redue Minnesota s ontribution to merury ontamination of fish. The MPCA is urrently implementing stakeholder developed strategies to reah this goal by More on Minnesota s plan for reduing merury is available at A-2

3 Appendix A Air Quality in Minnesota: 2009 Report to the Legislature Figure 1. Soures of Atmospheri Deposition to Minnesota, 2005 Minnesota Emissions Merury Deposition and Fish Contamination Merury ontamination of fish is a well doumented problem in Minnesota. The Minnesota Department of Health advises people to restrit their onsumption of sport fish due to merury ontamination on virtually every lake tested. Nearly all more than 95 perent of the merury in Minnesota lakes and rivers omes from the atmosphere. About 30 perent of merury in the atmosphere is the result of the natural yling of merury. But 70 perent of the merury is a result of human ativities that have inreased the release of merury from the geologial materials in whih it had been loked up. Beause merury vapor an be transported long distanes by the atmosphere, most of Minnesota s emissions are deposited in other states and ountries, and Minnesota reeives some of their emissions. Only about 10 perent of merury deposition in Minnesota is the result of emissions within the state. A-3

4 Table 1. Reported 2006 and 2007 emissions of merury from eletrial prodution failities in Minnesota Company Generating Faility Major Fuel Type(s) 2006 Eletriity 2007 Eletriity 2007 Produed (MWh) Produed Merury (MWh) Austin NE Power Plant Unit 1 oal, gas 126, , Covanta Hennepin Energy Resoure Co Covanta Hennepin Energy Resoure Co Hibbing Publi Utilities Hibbing Publi Utilities Hibbing Publi Utilities Hibbing Publi Utilities Interstate Power and Light Company, Sherburn, MN Unit 1 a MSW 129, , Unit 2 a MSW 129, , Cambridge Station oil , Elk River Station a oil, gas, MSW 181, , Lakefield Station oil, gas 265, , Maple Lake Station oil Pleasant Valley Station oil, gas 327, , Rok Lake Station oil St. Bonifaius Station oil NA NA 0.00 NA NA 0.00 h, Unit 1A oal, oil see unit 3A 2.13 see unit 3A 3.07 h, Unit 2A oal, oil see unit 3A 1.75 see unit 3A 3.07 h, Unit 7A wood see unit 3A 1.67 h Unit 3A oal, oil 65, , Fox lake Power Station #3 f oil, gas 49, exempt g 69, exempt g Minnesota Power(Taonite Harbor Energy Center) Taonite Harbor Energy Center Unit 1 oal, oil 523, , Minnesota Power(Taonite Harbor Energy Center) Taonite Harbor Energy Center Unit 2 oal, oil 497, , Minnesota Power(Taonite Harbor Energy Center) Taonite Harbor Energy Center Unit 3 oal, oil 522, , Minnesota Power Boswell Unit 1 oal, oil 560, , Minnesota Power Boswell Unit 2 oal, oil 540, , Minnesota Power Boswell unit 3 oal, oil 2,568, ,271, Minnesota Power e Boswell Unit 4 oal, oil 4,072, ,522, Minnesota Power Hibbard 3-4 oal, gas 79, , Minnesota Power Laskin Unit 1 & 2 oal, oil 688, , Minnesota Power (Rapids Energy Center) Northshore Mining Company Northshore Mining Company Rapids Energy Center 5-6 oal, wood NA 2.00 NA 2.00 Silver Bay Power Plant PB 1 oal, oil, gas 341, , Silver Bay Power Plant PB 2 oal, gas 438, , AS King 1 oal, gas, petroleum oke 1,665, ,

5 Company Generating Faility Major Fuel Type(s) 2006 Eletriity 2007 Eletriity 2007 Produed (MWh) Produed Merury (MWh) Blak Dog 3 oal, gas 539, , Blak Dog 4 oal, gas 1,062, ,074, Blak Dog 5 gas 486, , Blue Lake 1-3 oil, gas 9, , Blue Lake 7-8 gas 136, , Granite City 1-4 oil, gas 2, , High Bridge 5 oal, gas 488, , High Bridge 6 oal, gas 722, , Inver Hills 1-6 oil, gas 61, , Key City 1-4 gas 2, , Minnesota Valley 4 oal, oil, gas Red Wing 1 Waste-to-Energy Red Wing 2 Waste-to-Energy b gas, RDF 51, , b gas, RDF 59, , Riverside 6/7 oal, oil, gas 727, , Riverside 8 oal, oil, oke 1,033, ,432, Sherburne 1 oal, oil 4,823, ,879, Sherburne 2 oal, oil 4,101, ,091, Sherburne 3 ( Xel owned portion) oal, oil 3,947, ,327, Wilmarth 1 Waste-to-Energy RDFb, gas 53, , Wilmarth 2 Waste-to-Energy RDFb, gas 57, , Otter Tail Power Hoot Lake #2 & 3 oal, oil 870, , Rohester Publi Utilities Silver Lake 3 oal, gas 82, Rohester Publi Utilities Silver Lake 4 oal, gas 156, Rohester Publi Utilities Casade Creek Station 1 oil, gas Rohester Publi Utilities Casade Creek Station 2-3 oil, gas 4, Sappi-Cloquet Sappi-Cloquet Sappi-Cloquet Sappi-Cloquet exempt g 88, exempt g exempt g 224, exempt g exempt g exempt g exempt g 6, exempt g Power Boiler 7 h oil, gas, wood 126, exempt g 125, exempt g Power Boiler 8 h gas 171, exempt g 182, exempt g Power Boiler 9 h oil, gas, wood 101, exempt g 111, exempt g Power Boiler 10 h gas 1.00 exempt g 1.06 exempt g

6 Company Generating Faility Major Fuel Type(s) 2006 Eletriity Produed (MWh) Southern Minnesota Muniipal Power Ageny Faribault Energy Park oil, gas 2007 Eletriity Produed (MWh) 2007 Merury exempt g 229, exempt g Southern Minnesota Muniipal Power Ageny Sherburne 3 (SMMPA owned portion) oal, oil 2,777, ,008, Southern Minnesota Muniipal Power Ageny Minnesota River Station Combustion Turbine d oil, gas exempt g 12, exempt g Verso Paper- Sartell BBC Turbine/Boiler oal, oil, wood, sludge 89, , Willmar Muniipal Utilities Boiler 3 oal, natural gas , Summary of Reports 36,566,484 1,746 median = 15 35,557,082 1,302 median = 16 Notes a MSW is Muniipal Solid Waste. b RDF is Refuse-Derived Fuel, whih is sorted and proessed muniipal solid waste. Faility has agreed to inlude for reporting merury emissions of less than 3 pounds. d Merury emissions round to less than 0.00 pounds merury for one or both years. e 34 pounds of merury in 2006 and 33 pounds merury in 2007 assoiated with eletriity sold out of state. f 5.21% for 2006 and 5.23% for 2007 of total energy prodution for all failities is sold to Minnesota ustomers. g Exempt from reporting. (Failities emitting under 3 pounds of merury or less than 240 hours of operation per year.) Total Reported 2006 Eletriity Produed (MWh) h Due to ommon steam headers, alulation of merury per eletrial generation is not possible, eletrial generation is from eah individual turbine not from eah boiler Total Reported Median Reported Total Reported 2007 Eletriity Produed (MWh) Total Reported 2007 Merury Median Reported

7 Table 2. Reported 2006 and 2007 emissions of merury from eletrial prodution failities outside of Minnesota for whih the eletriity was likely onsumed in Minnesota. Company Eletrial Supplier, if not generated by the Reporting Company Generating Faility Major Fuel Type(s) 2006 Eletriity 2007 Eletriity Interstate Power and Light Company, Dubuque, IA (Alliant Energy) Dubuque 1, Dubuque IA oal, nat gas Interstate Power and Light Company, Dubuque, IA (Alliant Energy) Dubuque 5, Dubuque IA oal, nat gas Interstate Power and Light Company, Dubuque, IA (Alliant Energy) Dubuque 6, Dubuque IA oal, nat gas Interstate Power and Light Company, Lansing, IA (Alliant Energy) Lansing 3, Lansing IA oal, oil Interstate Power and Light Company, Lansing, IA (Alliant Energy) Lansing 4, Lansing IA oal, oil Interstate Power and Light Company, Clinton, IA (Alliant Energy) ML Kapp 2, Clinton IA oal, gas Interstate Power and Light Company, Louisa County, IA (Alliant Energy) Louisa 1/Louisa Co. IA oal, gas Interstate Power and Light Company, Sioux City, IA (Alliant Energy) Neal 3, Sioux City IA oal, gas Interstate Power and Light Company, Sioux City, IA (Alliant Energy) Neal 4, Sioux City IA oal, oil Interstate Power and Light Company, Burlington, IA (Alliant Energy) Burlington Station #1 oal, nat gas Interstate Power and Light Company, Ottumwa, IA (Alliant Energy) Ottumwa Station #1 oal, oil Rapids, IA (Alliant Energy) Prairie Creek Station #1a-2 oal, gas Rapids, IA (Alliant Energy) Prairie Creek Station #3 oal, oil, gas Rapids, IA (Alliant Energy) Prairie Creek Station #4 oal, gas Interstate Power and Light Company, Marshalltown, IA (Alliant Energy) Sutherland Station #1 oal, gas Interstate Power and Light Company, Marshalltown, IA (Alliant Energy) Sutherland Station #2 oal, gas Interstate Power and Light Company, Marshalltown, IA (Alliant Energy) Sutherland Station #3 oal, gas Rapids, IA (Alliant Energy) Sixth Street Station #2 oal, oil, gas Rapids, IA (Alliant Energy) Sixth Street Station #3-4 oal, gas Rapids, IA (Alliant Energy) Sixth Street Station #5-6 oal, gas Rapids, IA (Alliant Energy) Sixth Street Station #7-8 oal, gas Rapids, IA (Alliant Energy) Sixth Street Station #9-10 oal, gas 8, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , NA NA NA NA NA NA , , , , , Minnesota Power Milton R. Young #2, Center, ND lignite oal 2,069, ,533, Marshall Muniipal Utilities Heartland Power sub oal 422, ,

8 Company Eletrial Supplier, if not generated by the Reporting Company Generating Faility Major Fuel Type(s) 2006 Eletriity 2007 Eletriity Marshall Muniipal Utilities Missouri River Energy sub oal 65, , Northern Muniipal Power Ageny, Thief River Falls Northern Muniipal Power Ageny, Thief River Falls Northern Muniipal Power Ageny, Thief River Falls People's Servies People's Servies People's Servies People's Servies People's Servies, Great River Energy/G3, Milton R. Young #1, Center, ND lignite oal 139, , Milton R. Young #2, Center, ND lignite oal 86, , Coyote Station, Beulah, ND lignite oal 71, , Alma 1-5 Bit/Sub Coal 42, , JP Madgett Sub bituminous oal 91, , Genoa Bit/Sub Coal 93, , /G3 Bit/Sub Coal Seven Mile Creek Landfill gas NA Tri-County Eletri Tri-County Eletri Tri-County Eletri Tri-County Eletri Tri-County Eletri Freeborn-Mower Servies Freeborn-Mower Servies Freeborn-Mower Servies Freeborn-Mower Servies Freeborn-Mower Servies Alma 1-5 Sub Coal 58, , JP Madgett Bit/Sub oal 127, , Genoa Bit/Sub Coal 129, , /G3 Bit/Sub Coal Seven Mile Creek Landfill gas 1, NA Alma 1-5 Bit/Sub Coal 35, , JP Madgett Sub bituminous oal 75, , Genoa 3 Bit/Sub Coal 77, , /G3 Bit/Sub Coal Seven Mile Creek Landfill gas NA Agralite Eletri lignite oal 146, , Arrowhead Eletri lignite oal 66, , Beno Eletri lignite oal 248, , Brown County Rural Eletrial Ass'n lignite oal 86, , Connexus Energy lignite oal 2,259, ,386, Light and Power lignite oal 86, , Crow Wing Power lignite oal 508, , Dakota Eletri Ass'n lignite oal 1,857, ,958, East Central Energy lignite oal 895, , Federated Rural Eletri lignite oal 136, , Goodhue County Eletri Ass'n lignite oal 81, ,

9 Company Eletrial Supplier, if not generated by the Reporting Company Generating Faility Major Fuel Type(s) 2006 Eletriity 2007 Eletriity Itasa-Mantrap Co-op. Eletrial Ass'n lignite oal 172, , Kandiyohi Power lignite oal 112, , Lake Country Power lignite oal 627, , Lake Region Eletri lignite oal 280, , MLeod Power Ass'n lignite oal 160, , Meeker Light & Power Ass'n lignite oal 128, , Mille Las Eletri lignite oal 182, , Minnesota Valley Eletri lignite oal 593, , Nobles Eletri lignite oal 136, , North Itasa Eletri, In. lignite oal 49, , Redwood Eletri lignite oal 26, , Runestone Eletri Ass'n lignite oal 158, , South Central Eletri Ass'n lignite oal 136, , Stearns Eletri Ass'n lignite oal 370, , Steele-Wasea Eletri lignite oal 226, , Todd-Wadena Eletri lignite oal 121, , Wright-Hennepin Eletri Ass'n lignite oal 796, , Clearwater-Polk Eletri Clearwater-Polk Eletri Clearwater-Polk Eletri North Star Eletri North Star Eletri North Star Eletri PKM Eletri PKM Eletri PKM Eletri Red Lake Eletri Red Lake Eletri Red Lake Eletri Red River Valley Power Ass'n Red River Valley Power Ass'n Red River Valley Power Ass'n Roseau Eletri Roseau Eletri Milton R. Young #1, Center, ND lignite oal 33, , Milton R. Young #2, Center, ND lignite oal 20, , Coyote Station, Beulah, ND lignite oal 17, , Milton R. Young #1, Center, ND lignite oal 42, , Milton R. Young #2, Center, ND lignite oal 26, , Coyote Station, Beulah, ND lignite oal 22, , Milton R. Young #1, Center, ND lignite oal 33, , Milton R. Young #2, Center, ND lignite oal 20, , Coyote Station, Beulah, ND lignite oal 17, , Milton R. Young #1, Center, ND lignite oal 43, , Milton R. Young #2, Center, ND lignite oal 27, , Coyote Station, Beulah, ND lignite oal 22, , Milton R. Young #1, Center, ND lignite oal 44, , Milton R. Young #2, Center, ND lignite oal 27, , Coyote Station, Beulah, ND lignite oal 22, , Milton R. Young #1, Center, ND lignite oal 58, , Milton R. Young #2, Center, ND lignite oal 36, ,

10 Company Eletrial Supplier, if not generated by the Reporting Company Generating Faility Major Fuel Type(s) 2006 Eletriity 2007 Eletriity Roseau Eletri Coyote Station, Beulah, ND lignite oal 30, , Wild Rie Eletri Milton R. Young #1, Center, ND lignite oal 89, , Wild Rie Eletri Milton R. Young #2, Center, ND lignite oal 55, , Wild Rie Eletri Coyote Station, Beulah, ND lignite oal 45, , Beltrami Eletri Milton R. Young #1, Center, ND lignite oal 172, , Beltrami Eletri Milton R. Young #2, Center, ND lignite oal 106, , Beltrami Eletri Coyote Station, Beulah, ND lignite oal 88, , Sioux Valley-Southwestern Eletri Coop L & O Eletri oal 59, , (Purhases from Basin Ele.) Lyon-Linoln Eletri East River Eletri lignite oal 61, , Power Minnesota Valley Coop. Light & Power Ass'n Basin Eletri lignite oal 14, , Traverse Eletri Basin Eletri lignite oal 29, , Wright-Hennepin Eletri Ass'n Basin Eletri lignite oal 20, , Renville Sibley Ass'n East River Eletri Power lignite oal 117, , Minnesota Valley Eletri Utilities Plus lignite, sub oal 54, , Stearns Eletri Assoiation Utilities Plus sub oal, lignite 26, Wright-Hennepin Eletri Ass'n Utilities Plus lignite, sub oal 65, Willmar Muniipal Utilities Coal Creek, ND sub oal 238, , Otter Tail Power Big Stone Power, Big Stone, SD oal, oil 873, , Otter Tail Power Coyote Station, Beulah, ND oal, oil 513, , Summary of Reports 18,467,858 1, ,865,932 1, Total Reported 2006 Eletriity Produed (MWh) Total Reported Median Reported Total Reported 2007 Eletriity Produed (MWh) Total Reported Median Reported Notes NA indiates data was either not available or not submitted to MPCA a used Basin Eletri lb Hg/MWh emission fator to alulate estimated emissions

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