Ground-Water Flow through Porous Medium

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Ground-Water Flow through Porous Medium"

Transcription

1 Soil & Ground Water Distribution Eastern USA Soil Moisture Belt Unsaturated (Vadose( = Aeration) Zone Capillary Fringe Water Table Saturated (Phreatic)) Zone Ground-Water Flow through Porous Medium Water Wells = Head

2 V = K h/l Darcy's Law Applied to movement of water through a permeable substance K = hydraulic conductivity in gal/day-ft 2 h/l = hydraulic gradient Darcy's Law V = K h/l K = hydraulic conductivity in gal/day-ft 2 since then Q = A V Q = A K h/l Darcy Constants Material clean clean sand vfsd silt unweathered gravel sandy gvl loams clays Aquifer GOOD POOR IMPERVIOUS Darcy K

3 Darcy's Law Example Given: pond with surface area of 1000 ft 2 and hydraulic gradient of 100 ft of rise in 100 ft of horizontal distance. Calculate the amount of water that would leak out of the pond if the bottom is (A) gravel with K = 10 6 or (B) clay with K = Q = A K h/l Pond 1000 ft 2 Darcy's Law Example Q = A K h/l 100 ft gravel K = 10 6 clay K = 10-3 Stream 100 ft Add Ohio Outwash Terrace Flow Net map, Show effects of well field for 2001

4 Ground-Water Flow Ground-Water Discharging into Stream Aquifer System

5 Oil Well Aquifer System Perched Aquifers Influent Stream Recharging Aquifer Kite Stream, Antarctic Polar Desert Steve Kite Photo

6 Artesian Aquifer Hot Ground-Water: 2 Methods Bring Heat Source near the Surface: Super-Heating and Boiling! Iceland, Yellowstone, etc. Take Water Deep below the Surface, Followed by Rapid Rise & Discharge Thermal Springs in the Virginias Old Faithful Geyser, Yellowstone NP

7 Pool in Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Siliceous Sinter Fishing Cone Hot Spring, Yellowstone NP Minerva Travertine Terrace, Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone NP

8 TYPICAL GEOTHERMAL GRADIENT 16.5 o C/km 48 o F/mi Average Worldwide Slow Deep Infiltration + Rapid Rise & Discharge Hot Springs, Virginia Average Air Temp. = ~52 o F Average Water Temp = ~106 o F How Far Down to Raise Water ~54 o F ~54 o F / (48 o F/mi) = 1.1 mile deep Water Must Rise to Surface Rapidly, or It Will Cool on Way to Surface Geology of White Sulphur Springs, WV Recharge Sulphur-Rich Black Shale Limestone Limestone Fault

9 Geology of White Sulphur Springs, WV Sulphur-Rich Black Shale Geothermal Heating Limestone Limestone Fault Geology of White Sulphur Springs, WV Sulphur-Rich Black Shale Limestone Fault Limestone Geology of White Sulphur Springs, WV Sulphur-Rich Black Shale Limestone Fault Limestone

10 Geology of White Sulphur Springs, WV Sulphur-Rich Black Shale Limestone Fault Limestone Geology of White Sulphur Springs, WV Nasty-Smelling, Hard, Warm Spring Sulphur-Rich Black Shale Limestone Fault Limestone Geology of White Sulphur Springs, WV $$$$ Sulphur-Rich Black Shale Limestone Fault Limestone

11 The Rock Organ Organ Cave, Greenbrier Co., WV Karst & Caves Carbonate Dissolution CaCO 3 + H 2 O+ CO 2 = CaCO 3 + H 2 CO 3 = Ca HCO - 3 (Dissolved Ions) Conditions Favoring Karst: 1. Lithology >60 % calcite, best if > 90 % calcite Best If Massive, Xline, Hard, Pure Limestone Shale in Thin Bedded Limestone = Ground-water Flow Barrier Rock Needs Strength to Support Karst Features

12 Conditions Favoring Karst: 1. Lithology 2. Available relief: permits vertical drainage component 3. Well-developed bedding or fractures Conditions Favoring Karst: 1. Lithology 2. Available relief 3. Well-developed bedding or fractures 4. >100m unit thickness 5. Humid, warm climate high CO 2 content (vegetation decomposition) rapid reactions (kinetics) Typical Limestone Outcrops in Karst Landscape

13 Variable Depth to Bedrock & Well Prospects ch_l/gif/l082.gif Sinkhole (Doline) near Mammoth Cave NP, KY Trout Pond: Sinkhole Exposed in Hardy Co., WV during August 2002 Pre-Draining vs. Post-Draining USFS Photo Photo: Lee Avery, WVGES Water Levels Dropped Several ft/day ~ 3 to 5 August 2002

14 Blue Ridge Foothills Karst Elevator! Depth to Bedrock may be >200 m usgs.gov/gwa/ ch_l/gif/l081.gif West East Grote, T.G., 2006, WVU PhD colluvium Qaf3 Pit 1 Pit 3 Pit 2 Qaf2 Qaf1 carbonate residuum karst features Cumberland Valley Sequence carbonate rocks Chilhowee Group metasedimentary rocks Florida Aquifer Miller, James A., 1990, GROUND WATER ATLAS of the UNITED STATES: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, USGS HA 730-G capp.water.usgs.gov/gwa/ ch_g/g-text6.html

15 Doline = Sinkhole near Echo River Spring, FL natu/mamc/sinkhole.htm Florida Sinkholes dynamic/groundwater/groundw ater.html Raders Valley, Greenbrier Co., WVa

16 Rders Valley Greenbrier Co, WV Detail Clastic Rx Where are Carbonate Rx? Where are Clastic Rx? Winterpark, Florida Sinkhole Swallows Porsche Dealership Miller, 1990, USGS HA 730-G

17 Guatemala City Sinkhole, 23 Feb 2007 Not for Web Reproduction Groundwater, Karst, and Caves LLORCA, JUAN CARLOS, Associated Press Guatemala City Sinkhole, 2007 Not for Web Reproduction LLORCA, JUAN CARLOS, Associated Press Tower Karst & Karren - China

18 Tower Karst - China Cave Passages Record History of Cave Development Styx River Resurgence Mammoth Cave NP, KY

19 River Resurgence in Wyoming gov/gwa/ch_l/gif/l083.gif Break Down, Mammoth Cave

20 Mammoth Cave Elliptical Tube Buckeye Cave, Greenbrier Co., WV, Greg Springer Website Elliptical Tube Partly Filled with Alluvial Sediments Photo 2001 by Ed McCarthy & Carl Samples. Vadose Tube: Looking Down, Mammoth Cave

21 Vadose Tube: Looking Up, Mammoth Cave Mammoth Cave Web Sites Cass Cave, photo by Tom Hay Vadose Canyon Leads into Phreatic Tube

22 Carbonate Dissolution CaCO 3 + H 2 O+ CO 2 = CaCO 3 + H 2 CO 3 = Ca HCO - 3 (Dissolved Ions) Carbonate Precipitation Ca HCO 3- = CaCO 3 + H 2 O+ CO 2 Travertine, Tufa, Marl Falling Spring Marl-Travertine Deposit, Rt. 220, Near Covington, Virginia Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Photo Dmr/GALLERY/historic/ Images/BWMORP/ bwcov.jpg

23 Falling Spring Marl-Travertine Deposit, Rt. 220, Near Covington, Virginia S. Kite Photo Stalactites and Stalagmites earth.com/ virtcave/ stalmite/ stalmite. html Travertine Precipitation Ca HCO 3 - = CaCO 3 + H 2 O+ CO 2 Degassing of CO 2

24 Ornamentation Stalactites Popcorn Popcorn Ornamentation Aragonite Xls Ornamentation

25 Stalagmites Columns Columns

26 Rim Stone Rim Stone, Stalactites, Stalagmites, Columns Ornamentation Speleothem Web Sites:

27 Rock Shelter in Baja Claifornia Meadowcroft Rock Shelter, Avella, PA April 1975 photo by Mark McConaughy MCCONAUGHY/web/ Meadowcroft/meadcr07.htm Meadowcroft Rock Shelter Today WQED Pittsburgh History Series

28 Meadowcroft Rock Shelter Roof-Fall Breakdown WQED Pittsburgh History Series Meadowcroft Rock Shelter Stratigraphy Sediment Sources: Rock Fall Blocks Grain Fall Rain Slopewash from Above Colluvium from Margins Anthropogenic Deposits For More on Meadowcroft and other Important Archeological Sites: /sites/northamerica/meadowcroft.html

Ground-Water Flow through Porous Medium. GEO 321 Lecture 14 Dr. J. S. Kite. Groundwater, Karst, and Caves

Ground-Water Flow through Porous Medium. GEO 321 Lecture 14 Dr. J. S. Kite. Groundwater, Karst, and Caves GEO 321 Lecture 14 Dr. J. S. Kite The Rock Organ Organ Cave, Greenbrier Co., WV Groundwater, Karst, and Caves Soil & Ground Water Distribution Eastern USA Soil Moisture Belt Unsaturated (Aeration) Zone

More information

Groundwater. (x 1000 km 3 /y) Reservoirs. Oceans Cover >70% of Surface. Groundwater and the. Hydrologic Cycle

Groundwater. (x 1000 km 3 /y) Reservoirs. Oceans Cover >70% of Surface. Groundwater and the. Hydrologic Cycle Chapter 13 Oceans Cover >70% of Surface Groundwater and the Hydrologic Cycle Oceans are only 0.025% of Mass Groundwater Groundwater is liquid water that lies in the subsurface in fractures in rocks and

More information

Karst found mostly in limestone (rock with at least 50% carbonate minerals), depends on 1) permeability & porosity

Karst found mostly in limestone (rock with at least 50% carbonate minerals), depends on 1) permeability & porosity KARST LANDFORMS produced by weathering & erosion in regions of carbonate rocks and evaporites processes called karstification mainly below ground surface predominantly underground drainage poorly-developed

More information

Solution Processes and. Karst Topography

Solution Processes and. Karst Topography Solution Processes & Karst Topography Come forth into the light of things, Let Nature be your teacher. William Wordsworth 1 Solution Processes and Karst Topography The Impact of Solution Processes on the

More information

Groundwater. (x 1000 km 3 /y) Oceans Cover >70% of Surface. Groundwater and the. Hydrologic Cycle

Groundwater. (x 1000 km 3 /y) Oceans Cover >70% of Surface. Groundwater and the. Hydrologic Cycle Chapter 17 Oceans Cover >70% of Surface Groundwater and the Hydrologic Cycle Vasey s Paradise, GCNP Oceans are only 0.025% of Mass Groundwater Groundwater is liquid water that lies in the subsurface in

More information

Essentials of Geology, 11e

Essentials of Geology, 11e Essentials of Geology, 11e Groundwater Chapter 10 Instructor Jennifer Barson Spokane Falls Community College Geology 101 Stanley Hatfield Southwestern Illinois Co Jennifer Cole Northeastern University

More information

Chapter 13. Groundwater

Chapter 13. Groundwater Chapter 13 Groundwater Introduction Groundwater is all subsurface water that completely fills the pores and other open spaces in rocks, sediments, and soil. Groundwater is responsible for forming beautiful

More information

Groundwater. Earth Chapter 17

Groundwater. Earth Chapter 17 Groundwater Earth Chapter 17 Chapter 17 Groundwater Importance of Groundwater Groundwater is water found in the pores of soil and sediment, plus narrow fractures in bedrock Groundwater and the Hydrosphere

More information

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100 Fresh Water What we will cover The Hydrologic Cycle River systems Floods Groundwater Caves and Karst Topography Hot springs Distribution of water in

More information

Chapter 14. Groundwater

Chapter 14. Groundwater Chapter 14 Groundwater Importance of groundwater! Groundwater is water found in the pores of soil and sediment, plus narrow fractures in bedrock! Groundwater is the largest reservoir of fresh water that

More information

EARTH SCIENCE 11 CHAPTER 9 NOTES WATER MOVING UNDERGROUND

EARTH SCIENCE 11 CHAPTER 9 NOTES WATER MOVING UNDERGROUND EARTH SCIENCE 11 CHAPTER 9 NOTES WATER MOVING UNDERGROUND KEY A. ALL THE WORLD S WATER 1. The world has an estimated one and one third thousand million cubic kilometers of water. 2. The earth s water is

More information

11/22/2010. Groundwater in Unconsolidated Deposits. Alluvial (fluvial) deposits. - consist of gravel, sand, silt and clay

11/22/2010. Groundwater in Unconsolidated Deposits. Alluvial (fluvial) deposits. - consist of gravel, sand, silt and clay Groundwater in Unconsolidated Deposits Alluvial (fluvial) deposits - consist of gravel, sand, silt and clay - laid down by physical processes in rivers and flood plains - major sources for water supplies

More information

Prof. Stephen A. Nelson EENS 111. Groundwater

Prof. Stephen A. Nelson EENS 111. Groundwater Page 1 of 8 Prof. Stephen A. Nelson EENS 111 Tulane University Physical Geology This page last updated on 20-Oct-2003 is water that exists in the pore spaces and fractures in rock and sediment beneath

More information

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 5 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 5 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 5 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors

More information

What is a water table? What is an aquifer? What is the difference between a spring and a well?

What is a water table? What is an aquifer? What is the difference between a spring and a well? CHAPTER 11 3 Water Underground SECTION The Flow of Fresh Water BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is a water table? What is an aquifer? What

More information

Chapter 14: Groundwater. Fig 14.5b

Chapter 14: Groundwater. Fig 14.5b Chapter 14: Groundwater Fig 14.5b OBJECTIVES Recognize that groundwater is a vital source of accessible freshwater. Describe how groundwater forms below the water table. Explain the origin of aquifers,

More information

6.1 Water. The Water Cycle

6.1 Water. The Water Cycle 6.1 Water The Water Cycle Water constantly moves among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere. This unending circulation of Earth s water supply is the water cycle. The Water Cycle

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Running Water and Groundwater Running Water The Water Cycle Water constantly moves among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere. This

More information

STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY. Movement and Storage of Groundwater

STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY. Movement and Storage of Groundwater Groundwater SECTION 10.1 Movement and Storage of Groundwater In your textbook, read about the hydrosphere, precipitation and groundwater, and groundwater storage. Use the following terms to complete the

More information

Test is over no later than 9:40 p.m. There are 43 questions. Each is worth points, for a total of 100 points.

Test is over no later than 9:40 p.m. There are 43 questions. Each is worth points, for a total of 100 points. Student name NOTE: Test 2 - Form B 3370:133 Section 001 SAMPLE Caves Count pages to make sure that you have all of them. Turn in this question sheet when done. Fill in all information requested on the

More information

What we will cover. The Hydrologic Cycle. River systems. Floods. Groundwater. Caves and Karst Topography. Hot springs

What we will cover. The Hydrologic Cycle. River systems. Floods. Groundwater. Caves and Karst Topography. Hot springs Fresh Water What we will cover The Hydrologic Cycle River systems Floods Groundwater Caves and Karst Topography Hot springs On a piece of paper, put these reservoirs of water in to order from largest to

More information

Hydrogeology of Karst NE Wisconsin. Dr. Maureen A. Muldoon UW-Oshkosh Geology Department

Hydrogeology of Karst NE Wisconsin. Dr. Maureen A. Muldoon UW-Oshkosh Geology Department Hydrogeology of Karst NE Wisconsin Dr. Maureen A. Muldoon UW-Oshkosh Geology Department WI Bedrock Outline Karst Landscapes Existing WQ Data Flow in Karst Aquifers Overview of Silurian Aquifer Water Level

More information

Earth Science Chapter 9. Day 6 - Finish Capillary Action Lab - Quiz over Notes - Review Worksheets over Sections 9.2 and 9.3

Earth Science Chapter 9. Day 6 - Finish Capillary Action Lab - Quiz over Notes - Review Worksheets over Sections 9.2 and 9.3 Earth Science Chapter 9 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Read Section 9.1 Surface Water Chapter 9 Term Sheet Notes over Section 9.1 Surface Water Section 9.1 Review Worksheets Quiz over Section 9.1 Notes Virtual Lab

More information

Why Study Groundwater?

Why Study Groundwater? Groundwater Water filling open spaces in rock, sediment, and soil beneath the surface is called groundwater. This natural resource is as important to human endeavors as surface water. Groundwater is an

More information

Section I: Multiple Choice Select the best answer to each question. Mark your final answer on the answer sheet. (1 pt each)

Section I: Multiple Choice Select the best answer to each question. Mark your final answer on the answer sheet. (1 pt each) Sedimentary Rocks & Surface Processes Quest Name: Earth Science 2013 Block: Date: Section I: Multiple Choice Select the best answer to each question. Mark your final answer on the answer sheet. (1 pt each)

More information

Soils, Hydrogeology, and Aquifer Properties. Philip B. Bedient 2006 Rice University

Soils, Hydrogeology, and Aquifer Properties. Philip B. Bedient 2006 Rice University Soils, Hydrogeology, and Aquifer Properties Philip B. Bedient 2006 Rice University Charbeneau, 2000. Basin Hydrologic Cycle Global Water Supply Distribution 3% of earth s water is fresh - 97% oceans 1%

More information

WATER ON AND UNDER GROUND. Objectives. The Hydrologic Cycle

WATER ON AND UNDER GROUND. Objectives. The Hydrologic Cycle WATER ON AND UNDER GROUND Objectives Define and describe the hydrologic cycle. Identify the basic characteristics of streams. Define drainage basin. Describe how floods occur and what factors may make

More information

Karst Topography In order to understand karst topography we must first have a basic understanding of the water cycle, the formation of limestone (carb

Karst Topography In order to understand karst topography we must first have a basic understanding of the water cycle, the formation of limestone (carb Karst Topography The formation of caves and other associated features in limestone bedrock is called karst topography. Limestone, a sedimentary rock made mostly of the mineral calcite and small amounts

More information

Florida s Karst Geology

Florida s Karst Geology Florida s Karst Geology Orange Creek Basin Interagency Working Group Public Workshop, November 5 th, 2015 Harley Means, P.G. Assistant State Geologist Florida Geological Survey Karst Karst a type of topography

More information

RIVERS, GROUNDWATER, AND GLACIERS

RIVERS, GROUNDWATER, AND GLACIERS RIVERS, GROUNDWATER, AND GLACIERS Delta A fan-shaped deposit that forms when a river flows into a quiet or large body of water, such as a lake, an ocean, or an inland sea. Alluvial Fan A sloping triangle

More information

Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky

Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky Objectives of Today s Lecture Refresher on Sedimentary Depositional Systems and Rock Classifications Transgressive and Regressive Marine Environments Carbonate Depositional

More information

Karst Landforms. Caverns Sinkholes Disappearing Streams Springs Towers

Karst Landforms. Caverns Sinkholes Disappearing Streams Springs Towers Karst Landforms Karst is a term used to describe landscapes that are formed by chemical weathering process controlled by groundwater activity. Karst landscapes are predominantly composed of limestone rock

More information

Karst: multiple concepts for a unique geological object Dr Michel Bakalowicz

Karst: multiple concepts for a unique geological object Dr Michel Bakalowicz Karst: multiple concepts for a unique geological object Dr Michel Bakalowicz Michel.Bakalowicz@gmail.com By way of an introduction The project of exploiting a lignite deposit in a limestone environment

More information

Groundwater Hydrology

Groundwater Hydrology EXERCISE 12 Groundwater Hydrology INTRODUCTION Groundwater is an important component of the hydrologic cycle. It feeds lakes, rivers, wetlands, and reservoirs; it supplies water for domestic, municipal,

More information

HID 362 MESLEKİ İNGİLİZCE 2

HID 362 MESLEKİ İNGİLİZCE 2 HID 362 MESLEKİ İNGİLİZCE 2 Hafta 5 Prof. Dr. N. Nur ÖZYURT 2017-2018 Bahar Dönemi http://www.philippe-crochet.com/galerie/karst/details/18/lapiaz-et-sites-ruiniformes/236104/rr-14-0032-pic-saint-loupherault-figures-de-karstification-sur-la-crete-ouest

More information

Stream Entrainment, Erosion, Transportation & Deposition

Stream Entrainment, Erosion, Transportation & Deposition Lecture 12 Zone 2 of the Fluvial System, Continued Stream Entrainment, Erosion, Transportation & Deposition Erosion in a Fluvial Landscape Corrosion Chemical Erosion Corrasion Mechanical Weathering Cavitation

More information

Wisconsin s Hydrogeology: an overview

Wisconsin s Hydrogeology: an overview 2012 Soil and Water Conservation Society Conference Stevens Point, WI Feb 9, 2012 Wisconsin s Hydrogeology: an overview Ken Bradbury Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey University of Wisconsin-Extension

More information

Surface Processes. Water Cycle. Evaporation Transpiration Condenstation Precipitation Infiltration Runoff

Surface Processes. Water Cycle. Evaporation Transpiration Condenstation Precipitation Infiltration Runoff s e s s roce S P e c urfa s e s s e c o r P e s c d r a a f C r Su iew Note v e R Water Cycle Evaporation Transpiration Condenstation Precipitation Infiltration Runoff Runoff The moving of water along

More information

1 Water Beneath the Surface

1 Water Beneath the Surface CHAPTER 16 1 Water Beneath the Surface SECTION Groundwater KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What are two properties of aquifers? How is the water table related to the land

More information

Chapter 8 Fetter, Applied Hydrology 4 th Edition, Geology of Groundwater Occurrence

Chapter 8 Fetter, Applied Hydrology 4 th Edition, Geology of Groundwater Occurrence Chapter 8 Fetter, Applied Hydrology 4 th Edition, 2001 Geology of Groundwater Occurrence Figure 8.42. Alluvial Valleys ground-water region. Fetter, Applied Hydrology 4 th Edition, 2001 Fetter, Applied

More information

Which map shows the stream drainage pattern that most likely formed on the surface of this volcano? A) B)

Which map shows the stream drainage pattern that most likely formed on the surface of this volcano? A) B) 1. When snow cover on the land melts, the water will most likely become surface runoff if the land surface is A) frozen B) porous C) grass covered D) unconsolidated gravel Base your answers to questions

More information

Surface Water and Stream Development

Surface Water and Stream Development Surface Water and Stream Development Surface Water The moment a raindrop falls to earth it begins its return to the sea. Once water reaches Earth s surface it may evaporate back into the atmosphere, soak

More information

8UNIT. External dynamics of the Earth. What do you remember? Key language. Content objectives

8UNIT. External dynamics of the Earth. What do you remember? Key language. Content objectives 8UNIT External dynamics of the Earth What do you remember? Can you name the solids in the photograph? nd the liquid? Is the liquid moving? How does it move? What is the name of this formation of water?

More information

Avoiding Geohazards in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands by Using Natural Stream Principles

Avoiding Geohazards in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands by Using Natural Stream Principles Avoiding Geohazards in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands by Using Natural Stream Principles J. Steven Kite, WVU Neal Carte, WVDOT Will Harman, Michael Baker Corp. Donald D. Gray, WVU Photo: W. Gillespie North

More information

Chapter 6 Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rock

Chapter 6 Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rock Chapter 6 Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rock Weathering and Erosion Wherever rock is exposed at Earth s surface, it is continuously being broken down by weathering a set of physical and chemical processes

More information

Surface Processes Focus on Mass Wasting (Chapter 10)

Surface Processes Focus on Mass Wasting (Chapter 10) Surface Processes Focus on Mass Wasting (Chapter 10) 1. What is the distinction between weathering, mass wasting, and erosion? 2. What is the controlling force in mass wasting? What force provides resistance?

More information

1.72, Groundwater Hydrology Prof. Charles Harvey Lecture Packet #5: Groundwater Flow Patterns. Local Flow System. Intermediate Flow System

1.72, Groundwater Hydrology Prof. Charles Harvey Lecture Packet #5: Groundwater Flow Patterns. Local Flow System. Intermediate Flow System 1.72, Groundwater Hydrology Prof. Charles Harvey Lecture Packet #5: Groundwater Flow Patterns c Local Flow System 10,000 feet Intermediate Flow System Regional Flow System 20,000 feet Hydrologic section

More information

It usually refers to limestone terrain characteristically. possessing a patchy and thin soil cover, containing many enclosed depressions, and

It usually refers to limestone terrain characteristically. possessing a patchy and thin soil cover, containing many enclosed depressions, and Karst Landform karst is terrain in which soluble rocks are altered above and below ground by the dissolving action of water and that bears distinctive characteristics of relief and drainage (Jennings 1971,)

More information

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscape Development

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscape Development Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscape Development I. Weathering - the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles, also called sediments, by natural processes. Weathering is further divided into

More information

LBJWC - Sinkhole Lesson

LBJWC - Sinkhole Lesson LBJWC - Sinkhole Lesson Concept Caves and sinkholes are major openings in the ground that recharge water to the Edwards Aquifer. Objective - Students will: 1) identify a sinkhole, cave, fracture, fault,

More information

Weathering and Soil Formation. Chapter 10

Weathering and Soil Formation. Chapter 10 Weathering and Soil Formation Chapter 10 Old and New Mountains The Appalachian Mountains appear very different from the Sierra Mountains. The Appalachians are smaller, rounded, gently sloping, and covered

More information

10/27/2014. Surface Processes. Surface Processes. Surface Processes. Surface Processes. Surface Processes

10/27/2014. Surface Processes. Surface Processes. Surface Processes. Surface Processes. Surface Processes Hewitt/Lyons/Suchocki/Yeh Conceptual Integrated Science Chapter 25 Surface or surficial processes originate at Earth's surface and reshape its contours. Surface processes include: Weathering Erosion Deposition

More information

Subsidence is the sinking or collapse of a portion of the land surface. The movement involved in subsidence is essentially vertical; little or no

Subsidence is the sinking or collapse of a portion of the land surface. The movement involved in subsidence is essentially vertical; little or no 1 Subsidence is the sinking or collapse of a portion of the land surface. The movement involved in subsidence is essentially vertical; little or no horizontal motion is involved. It may take the form of

More information

' International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement. 2 Groundwater Investigations. N.A. de Ridder'? 2.1 Introduction. 2.

' International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement. 2 Groundwater Investigations. N.A. de Ridder'? 2.1 Introduction. 2. 2 Groundwater Investigations N.A. de Ridder'? 2.1 Introduction Successful drainage depends largely on a proper diagnosis of the causes of the excess water. For this diagnosis, one must consider: climate,

More information

QUANTITY, MARCH 1962

QUANTITY, MARCH 1962 BASE-FLOW STUDIES, GUADALUPE RIVER COMAL COUNTY, TEXAS QUANTITY, MARCH 1962 TEXAS WATER COMMISSION BULLETIN 6503 MARCH 1965 TEXAS WATER COMMISSION Joe William D E 0. F. Dent Carter, Chairman Berger, Commissioner

More information

Module 10: Resources and Virginia Geology Topic 4 Content: Virginia Geology Notes

Module 10: Resources and Virginia Geology Topic 4 Content: Virginia Geology Notes Virginia is composed of a very diverse landscape that extends from the beaches and barrier islands all of the way to the highly elevated Appalachian Plateau. Geologists have discovered ancient shallow

More information

Monument Valley, Utah. What weathering processes contributed to the development of these remarkable rock formations? Weathering Mechanisms

Monument Valley, Utah. What weathering processes contributed to the development of these remarkable rock formations? Weathering Mechanisms Monument Valley, Utah. What weathering processes contributed to the development of these remarkable rock formations? Weathering Includes Physical, Chemical, Biological processes WEATHERING CHAPTER 7 Weathering

More information

5. Which surface soil type has the slowest permeability rate and is most likely to produce flooding? A) pebbles B) sand C) silt D) clay A) B) C) D)

5. Which surface soil type has the slowest permeability rate and is most likely to produce flooding? A) pebbles B) sand C) silt D) clay A) B) C) D) 1. During a heavy rainstorm, soil samples A and B both became saturated with water. However, 10 minutes after the storm ended, the soils appeared as shown below. Which statement best explains the observed

More information

Name: Period: Date: ID: A. Circle the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question and write the letter on the blank.

Name: Period: Date: ID: A. Circle the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question and write the letter on the blank. Name: Period: _ Date: _ ID: A Unit 7 Practice Circle the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question and write the letter on the blank. 1. What term describes the movement of rock

More information

Glaciers. 1. The photograph below shows the results of a landslide.

Glaciers. 1. The photograph below shows the results of a landslide. Name: Date: 1. The photograph below shows the results of a landslide. This landslide is an example of A) wind abrasion B) glacial deposition C) wave action D) mass movement 2. Which agent of erosion is

More information

Weathering and Erosion

Weathering and Erosion Weathering and Erosion OBJECTIVE: Explain how erosion and deposition shape Earth s surface by matching and using models How do erosion and deposition shape Earth s surface? Deposition Formation Transported

More information

Tim Carr - West Virginia University

Tim Carr - West Virginia University Tim Carr - West Virginia University Exploration s Ultimate Goal is to Answer Four Questions: Where to Drill? What to Expect? How Certain? How Profitable? Location & Depth HC Volumes Chance of Success

More information

Each basin is surrounded & defined by a drainage divide (high point from which water flows away) Channel initiation

Each basin is surrounded & defined by a drainage divide (high point from which water flows away) Channel initiation DRAINAGE BASINS A drainage basin or watershed is defined from a downstream point, working upstream, to include all of the hillslope & channel areas which drain to that point Each basin is surrounded &

More information

STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY. Surface Water Movement

STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY. Surface Water Movement Surface Water SECTION 9.1 Surface Water Movement In your textbook, read about surface water and the way in which it moves sediment. Complete each statement. 1. An excessive amount of water flowing downslope

More information

Topic 6: Weathering, Erosion and Erosional-Deposition Systems (workbook p ) Workbook Chapter 4, 5 WEATHERING

Topic 6: Weathering, Erosion and Erosional-Deposition Systems (workbook p ) Workbook Chapter 4, 5 WEATHERING Topic 6: Weathering, Erosion and Erosional-Deposition Systems (workbook p. 95-125) Workbook Chapter 4, 5 THE BIG PICTURE: Weathering, erosion and deposition are processes that cause changes to rock material

More information

HW #2 Landscape Travel from A to B 12,

HW #2 Landscape Travel from A to B 12, HW #2 Landscape 2016 Section: Name: ate: 1. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the map below, which represents two bridges that cross the Green River. Letters,, and represent locations

More information

Weathering: the disintegration, or breakdown of rock material

Weathering: the disintegration, or breakdown of rock material Weathering: the disintegration, or breakdown of rock material Mechanical Weathering: no change in chemical composition--just disintegration into smaller pieces Chemical Weathering: breakdown as a result

More information

EROSION, DEPOSITION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. Reading: Earth Science Tarbuck and Lutgens Chapter 5: pages Chapter 3: pages 52-54, 61-69

EROSION, DEPOSITION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. Reading: Earth Science Tarbuck and Lutgens Chapter 5: pages Chapter 3: pages 52-54, 61-69 EROSION, DEPOSITION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Reading: Earth Science Tarbuck and Lutgens Chapter 5: pages 124-133 Chapter 3: pages 52-54, 61-69 Base Level Resistant bed Resistant bed creates a local base level

More information

C) D) 3. Which graph best represents the relationship between soil particle size and the rate at which water infiltrates permeable soil?

C) D) 3. Which graph best represents the relationship between soil particle size and the rate at which water infiltrates permeable soil? 1. Which earth material covering the surface of a landfill would permit the least amount of rainwater to infiltrate the surface? A) silt B) clay C) sand D) pebbles 2. Which graph best represents the relationship

More information

Michigan s Geology and Groundwater

Michigan s Geology and Groundwater Michigan s Geology and Groundwater Ralph J. Haefner Deputy Director U.S. Geological Survey Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center Lansing, Michigan Outline About the USGS Geology 101 Michigan s geology Bedrock

More information

Exam #3 Study Guide Questions

Exam #3 Study Guide Questions Exam #3 Study Guide Questions Below are questions that go with the notes we discussed in class. You do not need to answer these questions, as they will not be collected. These are intended to help you

More information

What are the different ways rocks can be weathered?

What are the different ways rocks can be weathered? Romano - 223 What are the different ways rocks can be weathered? Weathering - the breakdown of rocks and minerals at the Earth s surface 1. 2. PHYSICAL WEATHERING Rock is broken into smaller pieces with

More information

Lecture 15: Subsidence

Lecture 15: Subsidence Lecture 15: Subsidence Key Questions 1. How does removal of groundwater cause subsidence on a regional scale? 2. Under what conditions does a building sink into sediment? 3. Why do clays consolidate more

More information

GEOL 110. Sedimentary Layering. Geologic Structures (faults, joints, folds), Unconformities, Karst. Sedimentary Layering 9/23/17. Geologic Structures

GEOL 110. Sedimentary Layering. Geologic Structures (faults, joints, folds), Unconformities, Karst. Sedimentary Layering 9/23/17. Geologic Structures GEOL 110 Sedimentary Layering Geologic Structures (faults, joints, folds), Unconformities, Karst Layering = horizontal, continuous banding produced during sediment deposition Sedimentary Layering Geologic

More information

Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering Center GEOTHERMAL ENERGY. Sustainable Energy Sources. Source:

Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering Center GEOTHERMAL ENERGY. Sustainable Energy Sources. Source: Sustainable Energy Sources GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Earth s Temperature Profile GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Plate Tectonics Earth's crust is broken into huge plates that move apart or push together at about the rate our

More information

River Processes. Drainage Basin Morphometry

River Processes. Drainage Basin Morphometry Drainage Basin Morphometry River Processes Morphometry - the measurement and mathematical analysis of the configuration of the earth s surface and of the shape and dimensions of its landforms. Horton (1945)

More information

1/31/2013. Weathering Includes Physical, Chemical, Biological processes. Weathering Mechanisms. Wind abrasion forming Ventifacts

1/31/2013. Weathering Includes Physical, Chemical, Biological processes. Weathering Mechanisms. Wind abrasion forming Ventifacts Monument Valley, Utah. What weathering processes contributed to the development of these remarkable rock formations? Weathering Includes Physical, Chemical, Biological processes Weathering Mechanisms Physical

More information

EARTH S CHANGING SURFACE

EARTH S CHANGING SURFACE EARTH S CHANGING SURFACE Weathering Together, weathering and erosion work continuously to wear down the material on Earth s surface. weathering process that breaks down rock and other substances of Earth

More information

Sedimentary Rocks. Origin, Properties and Identification. Physical Geology GEOL 100. Ray Rector - Instructor

Sedimentary Rocks. Origin, Properties and Identification. Physical Geology GEOL 100. Ray Rector - Instructor Sedimentary Rocks Origin, Properties and Identification Physical Geology GEOL 100 Ray Rector - Instructor Sedimentary Rock Origin and Identification Lab Pre-Lab Internet Link Resources 1) http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html

More information

Wednesday, October 10 th

Wednesday, October 10 th Wednesday, October 10 th Page 13a (left side) / Place Lab on table Objective: We will describe the different types of weathering and erosion and identify evidence of each type. Warm-up: 1. What is weathering?

More information

STUDY GUIDE FOR MID-TERM EXAM KEY. Color, luster, cleavage, fracture, hardness, taste, smell, fluorescence, radioactivity, magnetism

STUDY GUIDE FOR MID-TERM EXAM KEY. Color, luster, cleavage, fracture, hardness, taste, smell, fluorescence, radioactivity, magnetism STUDY GUIDE FOR MID-TERM EXAM KEY 1. In which type of rock are fossils most likely to be found? Sedimentary Rocks 2. Which mineral is easily identified by smell? Sulfur 3. Which natural resource makes

More information

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition Weathering, Erosion, Deposition The breakdown of rocks at or near the Earth s Surface. Physical Chemical - The breakdown of rock into smaller pieces without chemical change. - Dominant in moist /cold conditions

More information

Abrasion: The physical weathering of rocks by particles rubbing against each other.

Abrasion: The physical weathering of rocks by particles rubbing against each other. FOSS Earth History Course Glossary (10-4-04) Abrasion: The physical weathering of rocks by particles rubbing against each other. Absolute age: The exact age of an object (such as a rock or artifact); found

More information

Chapter 13 Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Chapter 13 Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements Chapter 13 Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements What is the controlling force for mass wasting? What factors influence mass wasting? Classification of Mass Wasting Mass wasting events are

More information

mountain rivers fixed channel boundaries (bedrock banks and bed) high transport capacity low storage input output

mountain rivers fixed channel boundaries (bedrock banks and bed) high transport capacity low storage input output mountain rivers fixed channel boundaries (bedrock banks and bed) high transport capacity low storage input output strong interaction between streams & hillslopes Sediment Budgets for Mountain Rivers Little

More information

EMERGENCY INVESTIGATION OF EXTREMELY LARGE SINKHOLES, MAOHE, GUANGXI, CHINA

EMERGENCY INVESTIGATION OF EXTREMELY LARGE SINKHOLES, MAOHE, GUANGXI, CHINA EMERGENCY INVESTIGATION OF EXTREMELY LARGE SINKHOLES, MAOHE, GUANGXI, CHINA Mingtang Lei, Xiaozhen Jiang, Zhende Guan Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin, China, mingtanglei@hotmail.com Yongli Gao

More information

Objectives. Introduction to Soils. Terms to know: What is soil? Study of Soils. The Soil Body 11/9/2012

Objectives. Introduction to Soils. Terms to know: What is soil? Study of Soils. The Soil Body 11/9/2012 Objectives Explain what soil is and where it comes from Define a soil body List examples of the five soil-forming factors Explain how soils develop Introduction to Soils Terms to know: What is soil? Alluvial

More information

Unit 3 Review - Surface Processes

Unit 3 Review - Surface Processes Unit 3 Review - Surface Processes 1. Why is the surface of Mercury covered with meteor impact craters, while Earth s surface has relatively few craters? A) Mercury is larger than Earth, so it gets hit

More information

Section 11.1 pp Where Mountains Form

Section 11.1 pp Where Mountains Form Section 11.1 pp. 236 237 Where Mountains Form Chapter 11 Set a Purpose: TE, p. 236 Reading Study Guide, p. 36 Discussion: TE, p. 236 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 236 Visual Teaching Interpret

More information

GEOL 1121 Earth Processes and Environments

GEOL 1121 Earth Processes and Environments GEOL 1121 Earth Processes and Environments Wondwosen Seyoum Department of Geology University of Georgia e-mail: seyoum@uga.edu G/G Bldg., Rm. No. 122 Seyoum, 2015 Chapter 6 Streams and Flooding Seyoum,

More information

Physical Geology Last Chapters Review Questions Chapters 12,13,16,17

Physical Geology Last Chapters Review Questions Chapters 12,13,16,17 Physical Geology Last Chapters Review Questions Chapters 12,13,16,17 1. The percentage of Earth's water that is in the oceans is. a. 100 percent b. 97 percent c. 93 percent d. 55 percent e. 50 percent

More information

KANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open File Report LAND SUBSIDENCE KIOWA COUNTY, KANSAS. May 2, 2007

KANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open File Report LAND SUBSIDENCE KIOWA COUNTY, KANSAS. May 2, 2007 KANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open File Report 2007-22 LAND SUBSIDENCE KIOWA COUNTY, KANSAS Prepared by Michael T. Dealy L.G., Manager, Wichita Operations SITE LOCATION The site was approximately four miles

More information

Weathering Notes. When the mineral composition of the rock is changed

Weathering Notes. When the mineral composition of the rock is changed Weathering Notes Weathering Weathering is the breaking down on rocks into smaller pieces Two types of weathering o Physical (mechanical) When the mineral composition of the rock isn t changed Ex: Smashing

More information

Chapter 2. Regional Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Chapter 2. Regional Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle Chapter 2. Regional Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle W. Lee Daniels Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech Table of Contents Introduction... 23 Soils and landscapes of the

More information

Example Quiz on Earthquakes

Example Quiz on Earthquakes Example Quizzes, Tests, and Review Information A Example Quiz on Earthquakes Quizzes such as this one are given at the beginning of each lab. 1. The point beneath the Earth s surface at which an earthquake

More information

AWRA PMAS Engineers Club of Philadelphia. A Geologic Perspective on Stormwater

AWRA PMAS Engineers Club of Philadelphia. A Geologic Perspective on Stormwater AWRA PMAS Engineers Club of Philadelphia A Geologic Perspective on Stormwater Toby J. Kessler, P.G. Hydrogeologist Trevor G. Woodward, P.G. Engineering Geologist September 10, 2014 Gilmore & Associates,

More information

Land Subsidence. Land subsidence is defined as the lowering of the land surface.

Land Subsidence. Land subsidence is defined as the lowering of the land surface. Land Subsidence Land subsidence is defined as the lowering of the land surface. Many different factors can cause the land surface to subside. Subsidence can occur rapidly due to: a sinkhole or under ground

More information

GEOL 407- Geomorphology Fall '10

GEOL 407- Geomorphology Fall '10 1. Definitions- define any 8 of the following (3 pts each) A. Karst- A term derived from the type section area of the former Yugoslavia which describes a landscape created by dissolution of the underlying

More information

Week 4/5: Limestone & Rock ages

Week 4/5: Limestone & Rock ages Week 4/5: Limestone & Rock ages Monday Warm Up: Write two things you still need to finish in order to be prepared for your presentation tomorrow. LT: I can make a presentation about my solution to a science

More information

GEOL.3250 Geology for Engineers Glacial Geology

GEOL.3250 Geology for Engineers Glacial Geology GEOL.3250 Geology for Engineers Glacial Geology NAME Part I: Continental Glaciation Continental glaciers are large ice sheets that cover substantial portions of the land area. In the region of accumulation

More information