Test is over no later than 9:40 p.m. There are 43 questions. Each is worth points, for a total of 100 points.

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1 Student name NOTE: Test 2 - Form B 3370:133 Section 001 SAMPLE Caves Count pages to make sure that you have all of them. Turn in this question sheet when done. Fill in all information requested on the answer sheet. This includes name, date, etc. You will lose 1 point for each item not legibly filled in. Code in the form letter (A, B, or C) from the top of this page on to your computer answer sheet. Test is over no later than 9:40 p.m. There are 43 questions. Each is worth points, for a total of 100 points. The use of any notes, books, or other material is forbidden. Talking or any other communication is forbidden after the test has started, except for questions to the instructor. Do not look at the work of other students, or hold up your own test or answer sheet. At this time you should have turned off all electronic devices and put them away - do not touch them during the entire class period. Violation of the above results in zero for the test, and referral to Student Judicial Affairs. There is no second chance. If you need to ask a question, please raise your hand. You may leave when you have completed the test, but do so quietly in consideration for those who are still working. Bring your answer sheet, ID, & test to the table in the front of the room. Choose the best answer, even if none seems exactly right. Good luck! 1. The name for a closed depression that is 10 km in size, and that floods seasonally is a A. Karren B. Uvala C. Sinkhole D. Thalweg E. Polje 2. Mammoth Cave Kentucky is about how long (pick closest value): A. 5.0 miles B. 50 miles C. 500 miles D miles E. 50,000 miles 3. The term sinkhole is the same as A. Doline B. Cave C. Extrusion D. Karst E. Karren

2 3370:133 SAMPLE TEST Page 2 of 5 4. The overall pattern that a cave takes depends on; A. Dominant biota and hyperluoic conditions B. Action of burrowing rodents C. Continental drift D. Leeward movement of bedrocks E. Initial porosity and recharge mode 5. At least how far in to Mammoth Cave did Native Americans travel? A. 12 miles B. 8 miles C. 4 miles D. 2 miles E. 1 mile 6. Speleothems that are orange or red are usually that color due to A. Iron inclusion in the crystal structure B. Mold and bacteria discoloration C. Cadmium inclusion D. Organic soil acids E. Bat guano 7. What has been found in the sulfur deposits of Lechuguilla Cave A. Bacteria B. Diamonds C. Hydromegansite D. All of the above E. None of the above 8. The water that forms most caves comes directly from: A. Lakes B. Rain C. Rivers D. Ocean basins Use this illustration for the following 3 questions 9. Drawing 1 is a cross-section that is suggestive of a cave that formed under 10. Drawing 2 is a cross-section that is suggestive of a cave that formed under 11. Drawing 3 is a cross-section that is suggestive of a cave that formed under

3 3370:133 SAMPLE TEST Page 3 of How long are the longest gypsum chandeliers in Lechuguilla Cave? A. 2 inches B. 20 inches C. 2 feet D. 20 feet E. 200 feet 13. The name for a small solution feature, such as found on a hand-sized sample, is a A. Karren B. Uvala C. Sinkhole D. Thalweg E. Polje 14. Hypogene caves usually form by the action of A Waves B. Wind erosion C. Carbonic acid D. Boring organisms E. Sulfuric acid 15. Hypogene caves form by A. Deep acids B. Surficial acids C. Biological action D. Feldspar remnants E. Mineral precipitation 16. What is found in the caves of the Austrian Alps, as shown in the film? A. Ice D. Dirt B. Bears E. Radioactivity C. Mammoths 17. Stalactites grow from the A. Ceiling B. Floor 18. Speleothems are most commonly made from the mineral A. Pyrite B. Limestone C. Calcite D. Gypsum E. Sulfur 19. Stalagmites grow from the A. Floor B. Ceiling 20. In Ohio, sinkhole and cave problems are most likely in the part of the state. A. Eastern C. Western B. Northern D Southern 21. Problems associated with sinkholes (that were mentioned in class material) are A. Collapses B. Flooding C. Insect infestations D. A & B E. A & C 22. Breakdown is clastic material that is created A. Inside the cave B. Outside the cave 23. Groundwater and spring contamination are likely in karst areas than in non-karst areas. A. More B. Less C. Similarly

4 3370:133 SAMPLE TEST Page 4 of The name for a compound (multiple) sinkhole is A. Uvala B. Polje C. Feldspar D. Quartz E. Doline 25. Floyd Collins was a famous cave biologist:. 26. Epigene (meteoric) caves usually form by the action of A Waves B. Wind erosion C. Carbonic acid D. Boring organisms E. Sulfuric acid 27. Which speleothem has an internal structure that can be described as a stack of cups? A. Stalactite B. Stalagmite C. Spattermite D. Gypsum Flower 28. A cave passage that has a sinuous, curvy path (when viewed on a map) likely formed on a A. Bedding plane B. Joint C. Fault D. Concomitant breach 29. Larger cave entrances usually lead to the largest caves 30. Shafts (pits) can grow quite large. How big can they get? A. Big enough to fit a motorcycle B. Big enough to fit a car C. Big enough to fit a house D. Big enough to fit 10 houses E. Big enough to fit a skyscraper. 31. Which is not a speleothem? A. Stalactite B. Stalagmite C. Flowstone D. Rimstone dam E. Scallop 32. Which mineral forms speleothems in dry areas? A. Limestone B. Guano C. Dolomite D. Spodumene E. Gypsum 33. Carbon dioxide levels are typically in soils as compared to the main earth atmosphere A. Greater B. The same C. Lesser

5 3370:133 SAMPLE TEST Page 5 of Spring -water usually has amounts of calcium (Ca) than rainwater. A. lesser B. equal C. greater 35. Karren is the term given for A. Caves that form below the surface B. Small dissolution features C. Chemical reactions involving silicates D. Flow that is not darcian 36. The scallop cross-section drawn above right shows that water was flowing to the A. Left B. Right 37. A cave passage that has a straight linear path (when viewed on a map) likely formed on a A. Bedding plane B. Joint C. Fault D. Concomitant breach 38. Bat feces were once considered an important resource 39. Humans have been entering caves for at least (pick maximum discussed) A. 100 years B years C. 10,000 years D. 100,000 years E. 1,000,000 years 40. Carbonate rocks are most important for forming caves 41. We analyze a natural water, and determine that it has a saturation index (SI) of negative 2 (that is, -2). Will this water dissolve limestone? A. Yes B. No 42. Caves form in coastal regions by a process called A. Diagenesis B. Mixing corrosion C. Depetrification D. Precipitation E. Hydration 43. Calcite has the chemical formula: A. H2O D. CaCO B. CO2 C. H2CO3

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