Prepared For: NRAP Stakeholders Meeting February 4 and 5 th, Prepared By: George Koperna, VP ADVANCED RESOURCES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Transcription

1 SECARB Anthropogenic Test Prepared For: NRAP Stakeholders Meeting February 4 and 5 th, 2014 Prepared By: George Koperna, VP ADVANCED RESOURCES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

2 Acknowledgement This presentation is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory under DE-FC26-05NT42590 and was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. 2 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

3 Presentation Outline Background Geologic Characteristics Nature of the Injection Monitoring Protocols Lessons Learned Data Being Collected 3 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

4 4 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP Background

5 Storage Overview Project Schedule and Milestones The CO 2 capture unit at Alabama Power s (Southern Co.) Plant Barry became operational in 3Q A newly built 12 mile CO 2 pipeline from Plant Barry to the Citronelle Dome completed in 4Q A characterization well was drilled in 1Q 2011 to confirm geology. Injection wells were drilled in 3Q k 300k metric tons of CO 2 will be injected into a saline formation, beginning in 3Q years of post-injection monitoring. 5 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

6 6 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP Geologic Characteristics

7 Injection/Storage Site Geology Proven four-way closure at Citronelle Dome Injection site located within Citronelle oilfield where existing well logs are available Deep injection interval (9,400 ft) Numerous confining units Base of USDWs ~1,400 feet Existing wells cemented through primary confining unit No evidence of faulting or fracturing, based on oilfield experience, new geologic mapping and reinterpretation of existing 2D seismic lines. 7 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

8 Geologic Characterization Baseline Reservoir Characterization: Analysis of over 80 existing oilfield ld well logs for porosity, thickness and depositional style. Sand mapping to determine open or closed sand units. Collected new geologic data on the Paluxy reservoir and confining unit with the drilling of the project s three new wells: 210 feet of whole core and 70 percussion sidewall cores Full set of open hole logs on all three wells (quad combo, MRI, spectral gamma, mineralogical evaluation, waveform sonic, cement quality, pulsed neutron capture) Baseline vertical seismic profiles and crosswell seismic collected in Feb SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

9 Whole Core Analyses & Confining Unit Characterization 9 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP Core Analysis D 9-7 #2 D 9-8 #2 D 9-9#2 Spectral Gamma Ray X X X Routine Porosity, Permeability, Grain Density X X X Vertical and Orthogonal Permeability X X X Relative Permeability X-ray Diffraction Mineralogy X X X Fluid Sensitivity Permeability vs. Throughput Thin-Section Petrography X X X Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure Total Organic Carbon X X Source Rock Analysis X X Shale Rock Properties X X Methane Adsorption Isotherm X X X X X

10 Paluxy Sandstone Section of the D-9-7#2 core (9,598 to 9,607ft) 680 md 1.8 Darcy 1 Darcy 730 md Fine to medium coarse-grained fluvial sandstones. Grains are sub-round, moderately 1.6 well sorted, predominately quartz. Darcy Occasional clay pebble Darcy 860 md 600 md 0.27 md conglomerate and rip-up clasts at base of fluvial channel sequences. Burrowed to bioturbated sandstone at top of channel sequences 279 sequences. md Mottled red-brown to light gray. Sandstone permeability generally correlates to grain size. 10 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

11 Shale Rock Properties Marine Tuscaloosa Shale Samples, RED Paluxy Shale Samples, BLUE 11 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

12 12 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP Nature of Injection

13 CO 2 Stream Composition CO2 Stream composition data (%) CO 2 O 2 N 2 Total Nov Oct Sep Aug Jul Jun May Apr Mar Feb Jan Dec Nov Oct Sep Aug average SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

14 Pressure & Injection Rate Response D 9-8 #2 D 4-14 In Zone D 4-13 Above Confinement 14 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

15 15 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP MVA Protocols

16 Project Timeline The MVA Program is a continuum: Shallow MVA Deep MVA Experimental MVA Will be in place for six (6) years throughout the three phases of the project Baseline Injection Post 1 year 2 years 3 years APR 2011 to AUG 2012 SEPT 2012 to SEPT 2014 OCT 2014 to SEPT SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

17 Defined Elements of the MVA Program Shallow MVA Groundwater sampling (USDW Monitoring) Soil Flux PFT Surveys Deep MVA Reservoir Fluid sampling Crosswell Seismic CO 2 Volume, Pressure, and Composition analysis Injection, Temperature, and Spinner logs Pulse Neutron Capture logs Vertical Seismic Profile MVA Experimental tools 17 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

18 Wells and Injection Facilities 18 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

19 19 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP Lessons Learned

20 Lessons Learned Every potential storage project is different &MVA should be site specific in design When deploying non-commercial MVA protocols, redundancy with more commercial tools is necessary to ensure the data quality Build from the lessons learned at existing projects Regulators may add to a project s MVA plan 20 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

21 Lessons Learned, Continued Data resolution may be challenging in deep settings MVA systems can impact injection & vice versa Time and cost reductions, but not yet commercial Data, data, & more data We have a good capacity, injectivity, and no apparent formation damage 21 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

22 22 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP Data Being Collected

23 SECARB Anthropogenic MVA Frequency MVA MethodMethod Shallow Soil flux Groundwater sampling (USDW) PFT survey Deep CO2 volume, pressure & composition Reservoir fluid sampling Injection, temperature & spinner logs Pulse neutron logs Crosswell seismic Vertical seismic profile (VSP) Experimental Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) Comparative fluid sampling methods MBM VSP Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Frequency Continuous Monthly Quarterly Annual Milestone (Baseline, Injection, Post) 23 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

24 MVA Tests and Their Frequencies (1) Measurement Technique Measurement Parameters Application UIC Required Frequency Status Reservoir and downhole Key measurement for assessing Constant during (2) Panex gauges g run D- above-zone pressure gauges pressure the injection pressure field and for regulatory compliance. Abovezone monitoring to detect leakage through the confining unit injection operations, annually postinjection 9-8#2 with MBM in March 2012; MRO gauges run in D-9-13 and D-4-14 in June 2012 Cased-hole Neutron capture CO2 saturation buildup near new Baseline Baseline logs run on D-4- pulsed neutron logging as a function of CO2 saturation buildup and existing wellbores. Demonstrates CO2 plume migration and monitor for abovezone leakage deployment, annually during injection, bi-annually post-injection 13, D-4-14, D-9-7#2, D- 9-8#2 and D-9-9#2 August 2011, September 2012, and August 2013 Time-lapse CO2 induced d Distribution ib ti of CO2 plume One baseline Baseline VSP acquired in seismic (crosswell and/or vertical seismic profiling) change from baseline sonic velocity and amplitude vertically and horizontally deployment, once post-injection Feb 2012; baseline crosswell acquired in Jan 2012; Time-lapse in May & August 2013 Reservoir fluid sampling Pressurized fluid samples taken from the injection zone. Analyze for ph, and selected cations and anions Geochemical changes to injection zone that occur as a result of CO2 injection Semi-annually during injection phase, annually post-injection D-9-8#2 Baseline samples taken via U- Tube June 2012; Kuster samples taken in March and June 2012; additional samples taken November SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

25 MVA Tests and Their Frequencies (2) Measurement Technique Measurement Parameters Application UIC Required Frequency Status Drinking water Alkalinity, DIC, DOC, Monitoring of USDWs for Quarterly during Baseline USDW samples aquifer (USDW) monitoring selected cations and anions geochemical changes related to shallow CO2 leakage. and postinjection acquired and analyzed in Feb, March, July, November (2012), February, April, August, and November (2013) Injection well Pressure gauges Annular pressure is an Constant t during Gauges installed, tied into annular and Denbury s data acquisition tubing pressure system located on the wellhead to monitor casing annular and tubing pressure indication of wellbore integrity. Tubing pressure assures regulatory compliance with maximum injection pressure injection operations and post-injection Soil CO2 Flux Mass of CO2 emitted from the soil per unit time and area Monitor for anomalous increases in the amount of CO2 that is emitted from the soil surface as an indication of CO2 leakage Quarterly during and postinjection (12) soil flux stations in place. Monitoring began in December 2011 and continue through present. Eleven field deployments to date Perfluorocarbon tracers (PFTs) introduced in the CO2 stream Measure tracer levels near the ground surface around new and preexisting oilfield wells Monitor for the presence of tracer buildup near wellbores which would suggest leakage of CO2 Single baseline, annually during and postinjection Baseline sampling August 2012 at the D-9-1, D-9-2, D-9-3, D-9-6, D-9-7, D-9-8, D-9-9, D-9-10 and D-9-11 well locations and again in June and November SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

26 Contact Office Locations Washington, DC 4501 Fairfax Drive, Suite 910 Arlington, VA Phone: (703) Fax: (703) Houston, TX Wickchester Ln., Suite 200 Houston, TX Phone: (281) Fax: (281) Knoxville, TN 111 N. Central Street, Suite 7 Knoxville, TN Phone: (865) Fax: (865) Cincinnati, OH 1282 Secretariat Court Batavia, OH Phone: (513) scarpenter@adv-res.com 26 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

27 27 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP Back-up & Supporting Slides

28 Communication is Key! 28 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

29 Extrapolated Continuity of Upper Paluxy Sandstones At Citronelle Southeast Unit Northwest t - Southeast t 29 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

30 Extrapolated Continuity of Upper Paluxy Sandstones At Citronelle Southeast Unit West - East 30 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

31 Injection Zone Characteristics Sand Name Top Depth (ft, log) Gross Thickness (ft) Net Thickness (ft) Log porosity (%) Sidewall core porosity (%) Permeability (md) from porosity - permeability cross (%) plot Perforated Intervals (ft) Total Perf Footage , , , , n/a , n/a , , , N/A 120 N/A N/A , , , , N/A 90 N/A N/A , N/A N/A , N/A 30 N/A N/A , N/A 100 N/A N/A , N/A 260 N/A N/A , N/A 90 N/A N/A , N/A 60 N/A N/A , N/A 40 N/A N/A , N/A 30 N/A N/A , N/A 40 N/A N/A , N/A 70 N/A N/A , N/A 60 N/A N/A Total Gross Thickness: 470 Total Net Thickness: 263 Weighted Average: 18.2 Weighted Average: 208 Perf Thickness: SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

32 Paluxy Fm. Relative Permeability for Citronelle D-9-8 8#2 32 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

33 D-9-8#2 Downhole Pressure & Temperature Data Gauge calibration issue 33 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

34 Spinner Surveys Sand Sand Unit Properties (ft) Nov 2012 Aug 2013 Oct 2013 Unit Bottom Top Thickness Flow % Flow % Flow % J 9,454 9, I 9,474 9, H 9,524 9, G 9,546 9, F 9,580 9, E 9,622 9, D 9,629 9, C , , B 9,744 9, A 9,800 9, SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

35 Constraints, Restrictions, and Toolkit Additions to Down-Select MVA Program Constraints Active waterflood in Donovan (below) Water disposal in Tuscaloosa (above) Eliminate surface change measurements and noise monitoring Class VI UIC aspects added d Soil flux measurements AoR via modeling Experimental technologies Experimental MVA techniques Reservoir fluid sampling (UTube) MBM VSP Seismic via DAS Heat pulse decay (DTS) 35 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

36 Down-Select from Cranfield & Frio Experience Motivation: Sequestration sites will use dedicated monitoring wells. Maximize efficient use of available boreholes for semi-permanent monitoring Measurements of Interest: Pressure* Temperature Fluid Sampling* Wireline logs Geophyiscal Monitoring Seismic: active source and passive monitoring Electrical * Requires perforations and packer for zonal isolation when deployed inside casing 36 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

37 Soil Flux Sampling Results 37 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

38 PFT Survey D-9-7#2 Primary Injection Well PFT Monitoring Sites Plume Extent (AoR) Site was inoculated August 2012, prior to injection and retested in June & November 2013 Inoculation Testing Well/Sample AUG 2012 JUN 2013 NOV 2013 D 9 1 ND ND ND D 9 2 ND ND ND D 9 3 ND ND ND D 9 6 ND ND ND D ND ND ND D 9 8 Invalid Data ND ND D 9 9 ND ND ND D 9 10 Invalid Data ND ND D 9 11 ND ND ND Air Blank 1 ND NST NST System Blank ND ND 38 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

39 Seismic: Baseline Crosswell Survey Parameters Source Type: Piezoelectric Receiver type: Hydrophone 10 levels Source & Receiver interval: 10 feet Sweep length: 2.6 sec(record length 3 sec) Survey Results High resolution image between injection well & observation well (~10 feet vertical resolution) No reservoir or confining unit discontinuities observed Good CO 2 confinement Confining Zone Injecti ion Zone 39 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

40 Time-Lapse Difference, MBM, VSP Shorter MBM array has an lateral image area that is smaller, but itshould be able to see changes in the gather response and images over time due to CO 2 injection 40 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

41 Seismic: MBM VSP 41 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

42 PNC Logging Time Lapse 42 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

43 USDW Sampling D SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

44 MBM Design: Flat-Pack & Geophone 44 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

45 MBM Geophone Array: Baseline VSP, OVSP and Walkaway Next Step: Resolution Comparison Crosswell ~ 10 feet Full VSP ~ feet MBM VSP~ 50 feet Establish fence post Collect time lapse seismic events Collaborative analysis of varying resolutions Map of VSP shot points 45 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

46 Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) VSP data piggy-back on standard acquisition Initial data quality insufficient greater source effort needed Benefit: 3000 sensors versus SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

47 Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) Using pressure data to infer a relative difference in relative head related to a column of water water, indicating whether or not the reservoir remains water saturated DH (mh2o) dh (mh2o) DH (mh2o) Pressure (psia) Temp (degc) 10 RGA5109 Temp RGA5109 Pres RGA5108 Pres RGA5108 Temp January 20, January 20, March 1, 2013 April 10, 2013 May 20, 2013 Axis Title 47 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP June 29, 2013 August 8, September 17, 2013 March 1, 2013 April 10, 2013 May 20, 2013 June 29, 2013 August 8, 2013 September 17, 2013

48 Pressure at Monitoring Well D 9-8 4,500 4,480 4,460 4,440 Pressure, ps sia 4,420 4,400 4, ,360 4,340 4,320 4,300 8/1/ /31/2012 1/30/2013 5/1/2013 8/1/ /31/2013 1/30/2014 D9-8 Bottom Gauge D9-8TopGauge Simulation Data 48 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

49 Pressure at Monitoring Wells D 4-13 and D (until end of January 2014) D 4-14 Simulation D4-14 D414 Bot D 4-14 Top D 4-13 Top D 4-13 Simulation D 4-13 Bot 49 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513

50 CO 2 Plume View Gas Saturation Note: grid refined grid blocks are 80 by feet GasInj1 D_9_8 D 9-7 D feet Cumulative Injection is 100,316 tonnes 50 SECARB Anthropogenic Test SP111513