Geology 12 Past Provincial Exam Workbook Includes Answer Key and Data Booklets

Transcription

1 1 Geology 12 Past Provincial Exam Workbook Includes Answer Key and Data Booklets June 1999 Exam June 2000 Exam January 2001 Exam June 2001Exam June 2002 Exam June 2003 Exam June 2004 Exam August 2005 Exam

2 2 Course Unit Title Legend Chapters in Physical Geology and the Environment, 2 nd Canadian Edition, Plummer (2007) BC Ministry of Education Geology 12 Curriculum 1995 PLO s 2006 PLO s 1 Introduction to Geology 01 A A 2 Earth Materials 05, 06, 07, 09, 10 B, C, D, E B 3 Time and Geology 19 G, H, I, J D 4 Internal Processes 02, 03, 04, 11 K, L, M, N, O E 5 Surface Processes 08, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 P, Q, R, S F 6 Earth Resources 12 F C 7 Comparative Planetology 21 T F Note: The prescribed learning outcomes (PLO s) used in this workbook are coded using the 1995 curriculum not the 2006 curriculum.

3 3 Unit 01: Introduction to Geology A1. Describe geology as a discipline. A2. Describe at least three aspects of geology that make it different from other sciences. A3. Differentiate between rocks and minerals. A4. Describe the formation of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks, and classify rocks as: igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic. A5. Interpret a rock cycle diagram. A6. Demonstrate an understanding that uniformitarianism is a fundamental principle of geology. A7. Demonstrate the ability to calculate the rates of geologic processes. A8. Describe and utilize methods of obtaining, displaying, and analysing local and regional information about the earth. A9. Compare and evaluate various careers associated with geological technologies and sciences June A1, A2

4 June A5 A4, A5

5 June A4, A June A5 A6

6 6 A June A3, A4, A5

7 7 Unit 02: Earth Materials (Minerals) B1. Outline the importance and abundance of various elements in the earth s crust. B2. Demonstrate an ability to use the following properties in identifying minerals: simple crystal shape, cleavage, fracture, hardness, specific gravity (relative density), colour, streak, lustre, special properties, such as reaction to dilute HCl, magnetism. B3. Use appropriate references and tests to describe and identify the following minerals: (1) silicates and aluminosilicates (quartz and varieties of quartz, potassium feldspar and plagioclase feldspar, muscovite, biotite, and talc, augite (pyroxene) and hornblende (amphibole), garnet, asbestos, olivine), (2) oxides (hematite, limonite, magnetite), (3) sulphides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, molybdenite, bornite), (3) carbonates and sulphates (calcite, malachite, azurite, gypsum), (4) native elements, halides and phosphates (graphite, gold, halite, fluorite, apatite) June B1 B2, B3 B2, B3

8 June B2 B2, B2, B3

9 January B2, B3, B2, B3

10 June B2 B2

11 11 B2, B3 B2, B3 B2, B3 B1

12 June B1 B2, B3 B2, B3

13 June B1

14 June B1, B2 B2

15 15 B2, B August B1

16 16 B2, B3 B3 B2

17 17 Unit 02: Earth Materials (Igneous Rocks and Processes) C1. Describe and demonstrate factors affecting cooling rate and crystal size. C2. Relate texture to rate of crystallization for extrusive (volcanic) and intrusive (plutonic) igneous rocks. C3. Identify and classify igneous rocks according to their texture (coarse or fine grained, vesicular, glassy, fragmental-pyroclastic) and composition (felsic, intermediate, mafic). C4. Describe the features of and identify the following igneous rocks: granite, diorite, gabbro, peridotite (ultramafic), andesite, tuff, rhyolite, basalt, volcanic breccia, obsidian, pegmatite, pumice, porphyry. C5. Describe and explain the order of crystallization of minerals from a magma (Bowen s reaction series). C6. Distinguish among the following volcanic features: shield volcanoes, cinder cones, composite volcanoes, columnar jointing, volcanic domes, lava plateaus. C7. Distinguish among the following types of lava by their composition and flow behaviours, and identify or predict the rock or feature formed when the lava cools: ash flows or nuee ardente, pillow lava, aa, pahoehoe. C8. Identify and describe batholiths, sills, dikes, xenoliths, stocks, and plutons June C4 C3

18 18 C6, C7 C8

19 19 C1, C8

20 20 C1, C8

21 June C3, C4 C5 C6

22 January C3, C6, C7 C3, C4 C7 C1, C2, C3, C4

23 June C2, C3 C3, C4 C5 C7

24 June C3 C1, C2 C June C2, C3, C4

25 25 C8 C6, C7 C6, C7 C6, C7

26 June C3 C1, C2, C3, C8

27 27 C5 C3, C4

28 28 C2, C3, C4, C6, C7

29 August C3

30 30 C6 C7 C1, C2

31 31 Unit 02: Earth Materials (Sedimentary Rocks and Processes) D1. Outline the origin and process of formation of sedimentary rocks. D2. Contrast clastic sediments with chemical (precipitate or biochemical) sediments and the rocks they become. D3. Describe the features of and identify the following sedimentary rocks: conglomerate, breccia, sandstone, siltstone, shale, limestone, chert, gypsum, rock salt, coal. D4. Diagram and describe the following sedimentary features and use them to reconstruct hypothetical sedimentary environments: (1) sedimentary structures (stratification, crossbedding, ripple marks, mud cracks, graded bedding, varves), (2) particle size, shape, and sorting, (3) fossils and organic structures June D4 D3

32 June D1, D3 D1, D3 D4

33 33 D January D1

34 34 D3 D4 A6, D4

35 June D3 D June D1 D3

36 36 D June D2, D3, D4 D2, D3

37 37 D June D3 D4 D1, D4

38 38 D August D1

39 39 D3 D4 D4

40 40 Unit 02: Earth Materials (Metamorphic Rocks and Processes) E1. Relate the types and characteristics of metamorphic rocks to parent rock, temperature, pressure, and chemical conditions. E2. Describe the features of the following metamorphic rocks: slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss, metaconglomerate (stretched pebble), quartzite, marble. E3. Contrast the two major categories of metamorphic rocks: foliated and non-foliated. E4. Contrast the two types of metamorphism: contact and regional. E5. Describe changes that occur in the country rock and in the intrusion at a contact. E6. Relate metamorphic rock type to the concept of metamorphic grade June E6 E1 E4

41 June E1 E1, E4 A4, C2, C3, C4, D1, D3, E2

42 January E1, E3, E6

43 43 E1, E5 E2, E June E1, E5 E6

44 44 D1, D2, E1, E June E2 E3

45 June E1, E2, E3 C1, E June E2 E1, E3

46 August E1

47 47 Unit 03: Internal Processes (Plate Tectonics) K1. Outline evidence for lithospheric plate motion and continental drift. K2. Explain what is meant by seafloor spreading and outline evidence to support it. K3. Describe convergent, divergent, and transform types of plate boundaries. K4. Suggest possible causes for the movements of the plates. K5. Describe the origin of magma formed during plate tectonic processes. K6. Relate volcanic activities and features to convergent, divergent, and intraplate settings. K7. Describe the geologic activities that occur at lithospheric plate boundaries. K8. Relate the rock cycle to plate tectonics June K3 K6 K1, K7

48 48 K2, K7 K3, K7 K3, K4

49 June K4 K3, K3, K7, K6

50 50 K1 K1, K7 K1, K2, K6

51 January K3, K7 K3, K7 K3, K7 K4

52 52 A5, C1, C2, C4, D1, E1, E2, K5 K2, K7 K5

53 June K1 K2

54 54 K3 K1, K7 K4

55 55 K June K2, K3, K6, K7

56 56 K6, K7 K5, K6, K7 K2, K6, K7 K7, K3

57 57 E1, E4, K7, K June K1 K2 K5, K6, K7 K4

58 58 K1, K2, K3, K6, K7

59 June K3, K7 K5, K7 K3, K4, K7

60 60 A7, K1, K2, K7

61 August K1 K3 K4

62 62 K6

63 63 A5, C2, D1, E1, K8

64 64 Unit 03: Internal Processes (Seismology) L1. Describe fault creep and elastic rebound as they relate to seismic activity. L2. Distinguish between magnitude and intensity. L3. Compare and contrast the Richter and Mercalli scales. L4. Manipulate seismograph data to determine the distance, location, and magnitude of an earthquake. L5. Assess the seismic risks for a particular area using: geographic location, topography, ground strength, rock types, proximity to faults, construction design. L6. Evaluate various methods of earthquake prediction (e.g., dilatancy data, seismic gap, animal behaviour) June L2, L3 L6 L5 L1

65 June L4

66 66 L1, L6 L2, L5

67 January L4

68 68 L5 L2, L3 L2, L5

69 June L1 L1, L6

70 June L4 L2 L5

71 June L1 L4

72 72 L2, L5

73 73 L2, L3, L5

74 June L2, L3, L5 L5

75 75 L1

76 76 L2, L5 L4

77 August L1 L3 L4

78 78 L4

79 79

80 80 Unit 03: Internal Processes (Earth s Interior - Isostacy) M1. Analyse the adjustment of the crust to changes in loads associated with volcanism, mountain building, erosion, and glaciation by using the concept of isostasy June M June M1

81 January M June M1

82 June M June M June M1

83 83 Unit 03: Internal Processes (Earth s Interior) N1. Give evidence for the fact that the earth is layered. N2. Diagram or model the interior of the earth, labelling all principal parts and showing the approximate thickness of each layer. N3. Differentiate among the layers of the earth and describe their characteristics June N3 L4, N1, N2, N3

84 June N1

85 85 L4, N1, N3

86 January N1 N1, N3

87 June N1, N3 N2, N3

88 88 N3

89 89 N3, L3, L5, K1, K2, K3, K4

90 90

91 June N1, N3 N3

92 92 L4, N1, N June N1

93 June N1, N2, N3 N1, N August N3 N1, N3

94 94 N3

95 95 Unit 03: Internal Processes (Geologic Structures) O1. Describe the factors that determine if a rock will behave in a plastic or brittle manner when stressed. O2. Distinguish between faults and joints. O3. Distinguish between dip-slip (normal, reverse, thrust), strike-slip (left lateral, right lateral) and transform faults. O4. Relate compressional, tensional, and shear forces to the various types of faults and folds. O5. Recognize and diagram normal, reverse, thrust, and strike-slip (transform) faults and identify these structures from maps or photographs. O6. Interpret the dip and strike of an outcrop to determine subsurface structures. O7. Recognize and diagram domes, basins, anticlines, synclines, and over-turned folds and identify these structures from maps or photographs. O8. Recognize and interpret an unconformity as a geologic structure. O9. Show the interrelationships among a geologic map, a cross section, a block diagram, and the subsurface structure and geologic history of an area. O10. Construct a geologic map using appropriate data.

96 June O6, O9, O3 O2

97 97 O4 O7, O9, O10

98 June O3

99 99 O7, O9 O7

100 100 O4 G2, G4, G5, J5, O5

101 January O3, O4, O5 O7 O6

102 102 O3, O5, O7, O9, O10

103 June O3, O5 O7

104 104 O6 O8 O6, O9

105 105 O7, O9

106 June O2

107 107 O7 O6, O7 O3, O5 O4

108 108 O6, O7, O9, O June O3

109 109 O6 O7 O4 O8

110 110 O5, O6, O7, O9, O June O7

111 111 O6, O7, O9 O6, O9, O10

112 August O1

113 113 O8 O6

114 114 O4, O7 O4, O7

115 115 O3, O5

116 116 K2, K3, K7, O10

117 117 Unit 04: Surface Processes (Weathering, Erosion and Mass Wasting) P1. Distinguish between weathering and erosion. P2. Describe the processes and effects of physical (mechanical), chemical, and biological weathering. P3. Relate Bowen s reaction series to a mineral s susceptibility to chemical weathering. P4. Identify types and causes of mass wasting. P5. Design or evaluate methods to control mass wasting June P2 P4

118 June P4, P5, P4, P5

119 119 O4, O5, O6, O7, P2

120 120 P1, P January P1

121 121 P June P2

122 122 P4, P June P4, P5

123 123 P2, P3, P June P2

124 124 P3 B2, B3, C5, P2, P3,

125 125 P June P3 P4

126 126 P1 P August P1 P2 P4

127 127 B2, P2, P3 P5

128 128 Unit 04: Surface Processes (Streams and Floods) Q1. Identify the three types of stream load (solution, suspension, bed load) and describe how each moves in a stream. Q2. Relate stream velocity to sediment sorting. Q3. Relate such factors as load, gradient, discharge, channel shape, sediment composition, and human activities to erosion and deposition by streams. Q4. Contrast particle size and shape, degree of sorting and sedimentary structures of stream, glacial, and wind deposits June Q3 Q4

129 June Q4

130 January Q3, Q June Q3 Q3

131 131 Q June Q3, Q3 Q1, Q2

132 132 Q1, Q2, Q4 A5, C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C7, C8, D1, Q1, Q2

133 133

134 134 D1, D2, D4, R1; Q2, Q4

135 June Q4 Q4

136 136 Q1 T June Q1 Q3

137 August Q3 Q4

138 138 B2, B3, F3, Q3

139 139 Unit 04: Surface Processes (Ground Water) S1. Describe the nature and constituents of subsurface water, including water table, zone of saturation, zone of aeration, perched and confined water tables, aquifers, and impermeable layers. S2. Demonstrate how the abundance, availability, and movement of subsurface water are directly related to the porosity and permeability of geologic materials. S3. Construct a subsurface water profile from sample data. S4. Describe how the following human activities affect the quality and quantity of groundwater: (urbanization, waste disposal, agriculture, conservation and reclamation) June S1 S2

140 140 S2, S4

141 June S1, S2, S4

142 January S1 S2

143 June S4

144 June S2, S3, S4

145 June S2

146 146 S June S2 S1, S2

147 147 S1, S August S2

148 148 S2, S4

149 149 Unit 04: Surface Processes (Glaciers) R1. Identify examples and distinguish between erosional and depositional glacial features: (1) erosional features (U-shaped valley, hanging valley, cirque, horn, arête, glacial striations), (2) depositional features (glacial erratic, moraine (ground, recessional, terminal, lateral, and medial), drumlin, kame terrace, esker). R2. Reconstruct past glacial positions using erosional and depositional features June R1 R2

150 150 R1, R2

151 June R1

152 152 R1 R2

153 January R1

154 154 R1

155 155 R1, R June R1 R1, R2

156 156 R June R1, R June R1, R2 R1, R2

157 157 R1

158 June R August R1

159 159 R1 M1, R2

160 160 Unit 04: Surface Processes (Deserts and Wind) No Provincial Exam Questions (yet) Unit 04: Surface Processes (Coasts and Oceans) No Provincial Exam Questions (yet)

161 161 Unit 05: Earth Resources F1. Explain how hydrothermal activity can produce ore deposits. F2. Describe how simple geochemical or geophysical data can be used to locate mineral, rock, or petroleum deposits. F3. Describe the uses of mineral, rock, and energy resources of major economic importance in British Columbia, including: (1) chalcopyrite, galena, gold, sphalerite, molybdenite, gypsum, limestone, (2) construction materials, coal, oil and gas. F4. Deduce the origin of an ore body or a mineral or petroleum resource from data and geologic descriptions of the deposit. F5. describe the sequence of events through which oil and natural gas are believed to form F6. Explain how a variety of factors (e.g., price, concentration, accessibility, size, and environmental considerations) determine whether or not it is economically feasible to extract a given occurrence of a mineral, rock, or energy resource. F7. Explain the role of permeability and porosity in creating oil and gas reservoirs and traps. F8. Describe the sequence of stages in the formation of different grades of coal June F3

162 162 F4, F2 F7

163 163 F8 F1, F6

164 June F1, F3 F3 F1, F4 F5

165 165 F January F3 F4, F5, F7

166 166 F7 F8

167 167 F1, F3, F June F3

168 168 F7 F1

169 June F1, F4

170 170 F4, F7 F7

171 171 F2, F3, F4, F5, F8

172 June F4, F7

173 173 D3, E1, E2, E6, F3, F6, F8

174 June F1, F6

175 175 F August F3 F8

176 176 Unit 06: Time and Geology (Relative Dating) G1. Define relative age and absolute age, and differentiate between them G2. Determine the relative ages of different formations using the principles of: faunal succession, uniformitarianism, original horizontality, cross-cutting relationships, correlation, superposition, included fragments. G3. Correlate sequences of rock with each other using guide fossils or rock data. G4. Identify and interpret an unconformity as a break in the time record. G5. Interpret the history of a sequence of rock units and structures June G1 G2

177 177 G4

178 June G2

179 179 G5 G January G2

180 180 J1, J2, A6, G June G5

181 June G2, G3 G2, G4

182 182 G2, G June G2

183 183 G3 G4

184 184 G June G3

185 185 G August G1 G4

186 186 G2, G5

187 187 Unit 06: Time and Geology (Absolute Dating) H1. Explain how the half-lives of radioactive elements are used in estimating ages of materials. H2. Determine the age of a sample using radiometric data. H3. Evaluate the sources of error in estimating a radiometric age. H4. Determine the approximate age range of a sedimentary rock from absolute age data about associated, intrusive, or extrusive igneous rocks June H2 H1

188 June H1, H3 H1, H1 and H January H1, H2, H3

189 189 H1, H2 H4, G2, G4, G5

190 June H1 H1 H4

191 June H1, H June H2

192 192 H3 H4

193 193 H1

194 June H1 H2

195 195 G2, G5, H4

196 August H2 H4

197 197 H2, H3

198 198 Unit 06: Time and Geology (Geologic Time Scale) I1. Sequence the major events in the earth s history, such as: beginning of each geologic era, formation of oldest rocks, formation of earth, earliest recorded life, invertebrates dominated, first land plants, fishes dominated, formation of coal forests, reptiles dominated, amphibians dominated, mammals dominated, appearance of flowering plants, appearance of humans, Pleistocene glaciation, Pacific Coast orogeny, Rocky Mountain orogeny. I2. Demonstrate the ability to use the geologic time scale to help interpret the history of a sequence of rocks June I June I1

199 June I1 I2

200 200 I1, J1, J3, J5, J6, J7

201 June I1, I2 I June I1

202 202 I August I1

203 203 Unit 06: Time and Geology (The Fossil Record) J1. Identify the conditions necessary for the preservation of fossils. J2. Differentiate between fossils and trace fossils. J3. Describe the processes of original preservation, carbonization, replacement, permineralization, and mould and cast formations. J4. Analyse the characteristics of a fossil that would make a good index (or guide) fossil. J5. Identify and classify the following fossils using appropriate references: foraminifera, mollusca, brachiopoda, echinodermata, arthropoda (trilobites), coelenterata (corals), vertebrate, graptolites, conodonts, plants. J6. Describe the probable environment suggested or indicated by a fossil assemblage. J7. Relate the evidence of faunal succession from the fossil record to principles of evolution such as: punctuated equilibrium, adaptive radiation, natural selection June J2 J3

204 204 J4 J6

205 205 J7

206 June J4 J7

207 207 J1 G2, J4, A6

208 January J5 J3 J2 J7

209 June J2 J5, J6 J5 J5, J June J2, J3

210 210 J5, J6 J4, J5 J7

211 211 J1, J2, J June J5 J2 J3

212 212 J June J1 J2 J7

213 213 J5 J3 J3

214 August J1 J2

215 215 J3 J4 J6

216 216 J7

217 217 F6, F7, G2, I2, J4, J6

218 218

219 219 Unit 07: Comparative Planetology T1. Propose and defend criteria that help divide the planets into two groups: the inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) and the outer planets. T2. Relate the densities, compositions, and spacing of the planets to their formation, according to the nebular model for the origin of the solar system. T3. Compare and contrast the following characteristics of Earth with the other inner planets and Earth s moon: atmosphere, surface features, internal structures, magnetism, and cratering. T4. Determine the geologic history of a planet or Earth s moon, using relative age dating techniques June T3 T2

220 220 T June T4

221 221 T2 T1, T January T1, T2 T3

222 222 T2 T June T3

223 223 T2 T3 T June T1 T3

224 224 T2 K6, Q3, T June T1 T2 T3

225 June T3 T2 T3

226 226 T1, T August T1 T2 T3

227 227 T3, T4 End of Geology 12 Provincial Package See Data Booklets for Data See Answer Keys for Answers