TRWD Stream Trailer Demonstration Guide

Transcription

1 TRWD Stream Trailer Demnstratin Guide Objectives: The Student Will Observe and interact with an evlving river and wetland. Understand the three cmpnents f a river system Understand the rle ersin plays in a river system and wetland Label different variables that are related t a river system Create variable ersin patterns with the placement f vegetatin Analyze the effects f ersin n reservirs Materials: 1. Stream Trailer 2. Vegetatin Prps 3. Human Structure Prps 4. Laminated Vcabulary Labels 5. 3 Ft 2 by 4 piece f wd 6. Windw Squeegee Science: 6 th Grade: 6.1B 6.5B 6.12E 7 th Grade: 7.8ABC 7.10AB 7.12A 8 th Grade: 8.11B TEKS v Page 1

2 Activity Duratin: TRWD Stream Trailer Demnstratin Guide minutes 15 minutes 20 minutes 25 minutes 30 minutes Intrductin (5 minutes) TEKS: 6.1 B Intrductin (5 minutes) TEKS: 6.1B Intrductin (7 minutes) TEKS: 6.1B Intrductin (7 minutes) TEKS:6.1B Intrduce the stream Intrduce the stream Intrduce the stream Intrduce the stream Start with a Why everyne shuld Straight line river Straight line river meandering river care abut the river, Ask fr hypthesis n Ask fr hypthesis n Old vs. new drinking, lakes what will happen with what they think will Why everyne shuld Straight line river straight river happen care abut the river, Ask fr hypthesis Why everyne shuld Explain what is happening drinking, lakes n what they think care abut the river, Shw delta will happen drinking, lakes Explain why peple shuld Old vs. new Old and new river care abut their actins Why this happened (explanatin) systems Old & new river system Middle (5 minutes) TEKS: 7.8B; 7.8C; 6.12E;6.5B;8.11B Middle (10 minutes) TEKS: 7.8B;7.8A;7.8C; 8.11B Middle (12 minutes) TEKS: 7.8A; 7.8B; 7.8C; 8.11B Middle (15 minutes) TEKS: 7.8A;7.8B;7.8C; 8.11B 3 cmpnents f a river Create a meandering Meandering river Meandering river Water river Explain difference Explain difference btwn Sediment Explain sinuus, btwn sinuus, sinuus, straight, Vegetatin straight, & straight, meander meandering The effects f meandering What affects a What affects a meandering weathering, ersin, 3 cmpnents f a meandering river river and depsitin river Slpe Slpe What grund is Water Size f particles Size f particle Lcatin Sediment Speed & amunt f Speed & amunt f Definitin f surface Vegetatin Talk abut effects f 3 parts f a river 3 parts f a river weathering, ersin, Water Water and depsitin Sediment Sediment Flding (the effects), Vegetatin Vegetatin ersin, fldplain Flding/effects n Flding/effects n river Grund (what it river Ersin is) Ersin Fldplain Urban effects Fldplain Weathering (cncrete) Weathering Urban effects Urban effects Cncrete Cncrete Grund Grund Definitin Definitin Surface Difference frm surface End (5 minutes) TEKS: N/A End (5 minutes) TEKS: N/A End (6 minutes) TEKS: N/A End (8 minutes) TEKS: N/A Game (tabs) Recap questins Game Recap questins Game (tabs) Recap questins Game (tabs) Recap questins v Page 2

3 TRWD Stream Trailer Demnstratin Guide A few rules t remember as we g: Please be keep yur hands ut f the crushed buttns unless directed. If yu have crushed buttns n yur hands please d nt wipe them ff n the grund. It is plastic and we want t make sure it stays in the. Always respect yur classmates and instructr, listen carefully and participate fully. We need yur help t make this lessn a success! Intrduce the Stream Trailer Start by intrducing yurself with yur name and where yu wrk. Then cntinue with what makes up the. Start by explaining that the has 1 tank that hlds 50 gallns f, then 2 pumps pump the frm the tank up int the pan f the. The ges dwn the river and thrugh the black screen and back int the tank. Mentin that we are recycling the when we g ut t events. SETTING UP THE DEMO STREAM Straight Line River System Hw t set up sand//channel, push the sand int the middle flattening it s that it is parallel with the tp f the. Then take the piece f wd and push it thrugh the middle f the sand. There shuld be a space creating 2 smaller rectangles f sand. Meandering River System Hw t set up sand//channel, push the sand int the middle flattening it s that it is parallel with the tp f the. Then using yur hand, draw ut an S shape making sure t put the excess sand n the sides. Yu shuld be able t see the bttm f the. CONCEPTS Straight Line River Start with a straight line dwn the river and turn the pumps n Have the students hypthesize what they think will happen when the is turned n Ask them t define ersin and t pint t where it is ccurring in the stream Have the students tell yu where the sediment is ending up (Answer: lake) Old vs. New River Shw an aerial map f a meandering river Pint ut the curves f the river and identify thse curves as meanders Explain the lder the river is the mre defined the curves Why Everyne Shuld Care Cnnect ersin t Time, energy, and mney. Yu can see that as the time ges n ersin is ccurring and the sil is falling int the river and being swept int the reservir. ASK: why d yu think this is a bad thing? while having them v Page 3

4 TRWD Stream Trailer Demnstratin Guide lk at the bttm reservir. G n t say that the reservir is where they get their drinking. ASK: wuld yu want t drink that that has the sediment? What Affects a Meandering River? Slpe: The slpe f the land affects the meandering river by increasing r decreasing the amunt f energy the has. The mre slpe a river has the mre energy the will have. ASK/SHOW: bend yur arm at a 90 degree angle and raise it s that it is hrizntal. ASK: Will the be flwing very fast if there is nt slpe? Tilt yur arm s that yur fingers are ging twards the sky. ASK: I increased the slpe f the river, will the be flwing faster r slwer? ANSWER: the flw f the will increase. Size f the particle: there are many different size particles f sediment that are flwing thrugh the river. These include gravel, sand, silt, and clay. The larger the particle size, the mre energy needed t mve the particle thrugh the river. Speed f : speed f the depends n the slpe f the land, the size and shape f the river bed, the amunt f, and the amunt f material carried by the. The mre slpe the river has the faster the will flw. The mre curves r meanders a river has t mve thrugh the decrease in the speed f the. Different Shapes f a River Sinusity: a measure f the wiggle r meander f a stream channel. Increase in sinusity increases length f the river and results in energy dissipatin. Indicatrs f energy dissipatin: rcks, wdy material, vegetatin, adequate fldplain size, verflw channels Straight: the river has n wiggle r meander in the stream channel. The mves faster because there are n meanders in the river fr the flw f the t slw dwn. The ges straight thrugh which increases the flw. Meandering: the curves f the river. The mre defined the curves are the lder the river system is. The meanders are frmed when sediment frm the uter curve f each meander erdes and depsits it n the inner curve further dwnstream. SHOW: aerial picture f the Red River and Trinity River 3 Cmpnents f a River System Three cmpnents f a river system:, sediment, and vegetatin. The cllects in the channel which is the deep part f the stream where cllects t flw dwnstream. Sediment: Prper name fr dirt is sil and when it gets int a bdy becming sediment. Sediment is any bit f rck r sil, such as mud, clay, silt, sand, r gravel even bulders. Excess sediment blcks ut light, killing aquatic plants r preventing their grwth. Sediment cvers up the nks and crannies where aquatic rganisms live. It smthers fish by clgging their gills and by reducing the amunt f disslved xygen in the. Vegetatin is an imprtant part f the river it helps hld sil in place, trap sediment, filter and cl the, dissipate energy, slws the velcity f fld, the fldplain/riparian spnge is enlarged, increase in grund recharge, and the base flw is sustained ver time. Flding Flding: the lw lying area n either side f the river is called a fldplain, this is where will flw ver the river channel during fld events. Sediment is depsited nt the fldplain every time there is a fld. A fldplain is the relatively flat land extending utward n bth sides f a stream r a river. During flds, leaves the river channel and sedimentatin ccurs n the fldplain. v Page 4

5 TRWD Stream Trailer Demnstratin Guide Weathering, Ersin and Depsitin Weathering, Ersin, and Depsitin: Ersin the wearing away f land surface materials, especially rcks, sediments, and sils, by the actin f, wind, r ice; usually includes the mvement f such materials frm their riginal lcatin. Sil particles are mre likely t be disldged and carried away by. Ersin and depsitin are in balance when erded bank material is being depsited nt far dwnstream, building a new r expanded pint bar and helping create sinusity. Ersin f tpsil build up in streams and lakes can harm aquatic life. Degradatin a gelgic prcess that lwers the stream channel due t ersin. Als knwn as dwn cutting. Aggradatin the gelgic prcess by which a stream bttm r fldplain is raised in elevatin by the depsitin f material Human Impacts Human impacts: the USGS did a study n the effects f urban develpment n stream ecsystems in 9 metrplitan study areas. One study area was the Dallas and Frt Wrth Metrplitan area. The study states that there was an increase f cntaminants in the with urban develpment. Urban develpment increases the amunt f entering a stream after a strm, while decreasing the time it takes fr the t travel ver altered land surfaces befre entering the stream. In urban areas, must quickly be drained frm rads and parking lts in rder t reduce flding. This increases the amunt f that is entering int a river within a shrter perid f time. This increase can lead t stream flashiness and altered stream channels. Stream flashiness is when streams rise and fall due t the respnse t strms. The quicker a stream rises and falls the flashier it is. Since the runff is flwing quickly, there is a decrease in the amunt f available t infiltrate the sil and recharge the aquifers. When the hydrlgy f the stream is altered, the physical habitat f a stream becmes degraded frm channel ersin. Grund and Surface Water Grund that flws r cllects beneath the Earth s surface in saturated sil r aquifers. Grund can als be extracted thrugh a well drilled int the aquifer. A well is a pipe in the grund that fills with grund. This can be brught t the surface by a pump. Shallw wells may g dry if the table falls belw the bttm f the well. Sme wells, called artesian wells, d nt need a pump because f natural pressures that frce the up and ut f the well. Surface is that cllects n the surface f the grund. It is the tp layer f a bdy f. Rivers, lakes, and streams all have surface. Surface precipitatin that runs ff the land surface and is cllected in pnds, lakes, streams, rivers, and wetlands. Assessment Activities: Vcabulary Game with Labels Print, cut, and laminate labels. Distribute t students and ask them t place the label n the feature in the. Discuss. v Page 5

6 TRWD Stream Trailer Demnstratin Guide MEANDER FLOODPLAIN CHANNEL POINT BAR SEDIMENT LARGE WOOD WETLAND GROUND WATER DEPOSITION EROSION WATER VEGETATION MEANDER FLOODPLAIN CHANNEL POINT BAR SEDIMENT LARGE WOOD WETLAND GROUND WATER DEPOSITION EROSION WATER VEGETATION v Page 6

7 TRWD Stream Trailer Demnstratin Guide Student Jurnal Sheet: v Page 7