EXAM #1 PHYSICAL SCIENCE 103 Spring, 2016

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1 OBJECTIVES 1. Ft Pressure EXAM #1 PHYSICAL SCIENCE 103 Spring, 2016 Determine the surface area f an bject. Given the weight and surface area, calculate the pressure. 2. Measuring Vlume & Mass Prvided a graduated cylinder: recrd the vlume t crrect accuracy. cnvert units f milliliters and liters. Prvided a triple-beam balance: recrd the mass t crrect accuracy. cnvert unit f grams and kilgrams. Cnduct an experiment t: measure the mass and vlume f an bject. graph data, draw best-fit line, and determine the slpe. relate slpe with density. 3. Measuring Length & Vlume determine the vlume f a given mass. determine the mass f a given vlume. Prvided a ruler: recrd the length t crrect accuracy. cnvert units f mm, cm, m, and km. Apply the rules fr significant figures when perfrming calculatins. Apply the rules f scientific ntatin when perfrming calculatins. Calculate the vlume f a cylindrical and rectangular slid. Cnduct experiments t determine the number f bjects within a cntainer. 4. Speed & Acceleratin Prvided a graph (distance vs. time) and/r (speed vs. time) fr a mving bject, be able t determine the slpe f the line and describe the speed and acceleratin f the bject. Explain the cncept f terminal speed. Apply the units f speed (m/s) and units f acceleratin (m/s 2 ) when describing mtin. Calculate the speed and acceleratin f a mving bject n an inclined plane.

2 Distance Speed 5. Newtn s Laws f Mtin Explain inertia in terms f mass. Explain the mathematical prprtinality f frce, mass and acceleratin. Perfrm calculatins with Newtn s Secnd Law Differentiate between mass and weight. Identify the actin / reactin pairs f frces. Apply Newtn s Laws t a variety f physical situatins. 6. Wrk, Pwer & Energy Calculate the wrk required t lift an bject a specific height. Calculate the gravitatinal ptential energy f an bject at a given height. Calculate the velcity & kinetic energy f a falling bject. Calculate the pwer required t perfrm an activity. Identify the energy transfrmatins that ccur in a device, such as a light bulb. Cnvert between the units jules, calries, and Calries. Given the calric value f a fd, determine the wrk required f an activity t cnvert the chemical energy t wrk (mechanical energy). Practice Prblems (with answers) 1. A car is traveling at a cnstant speed f 65 mph alng Rute 95 tward Bstn frm Prvidence. The car reaches a wrk zne and slws t 40 mph. After it passes thrugh the wrk zne it resumes its speed f 65 mph. Draw tw graphs, labeling the axes, that illustrate the speed and acceleratin f the car. Time Time 2 A sheet f paper measures cm wide by 9.10 cm lng. What is the area f the sheet f paper? Recrd yur answer with the apprpriate number f significant figures and in scientific ntatin x 10 2 cm 2

3 3 A student is determining the density f an unknwn piece f mineral. She partially fills a graduated cylinder with water. Use the graduated cylinder t the right t determine the vlume f water added t the graduated cylinder (r clse) ml L Next, the student placed a piece f mineral int the graduated cylinder. Recrd the vlume f the water and sample in the graduated cylinder ml L Determine the vlume f the piece f mineral = 44.5 ml L The student then determined the mass f the piece f mineral. Recrd the mass frm the balance (r clse) g kg Calculate the density f the sample f mineral. (Remember significant figures and prper units!) g / 44.5 ml = 3.52 g/ml 4 A vial f beans has a diameter f cm and a height f cm. The dimensins f a typical bean is presented in the table belw. Apprximately hw many beans wuld fit int this cntainer? Length Height Width Bean 1.10 cm 0.90 cm 1.23 cm Determine the vlume f the bean expressing yur answer with the apprpriate number f significant figures. Vlume f an average bean: 1.2 cm mm 3 Determine the vlume f the vial expressing yur answer with the apprpriate number f significant figures. Vlume f vial: 1972 cm mm 3

4 Determine the number f beans in the vial expressing yur answer with the apprpriate number f significant figures and in scientific ntatin 1972 cm 3 / 1.2 cm 3 = 1600 beans r 1.6 x A skydiver has a mass f kg. What is the dwnward frce f the skydiver? 980 Newtns 6. An elephant s ft measures 17.5 inches arund and weighs 1200 lbs. What is the pressure n the bttm f the elephant s ft? 12.3 lbs/in 2 7. An inclined plane measures 2.50 m lng. It takes n average 4.10 secnds fr a ball t travel t the end f the ramp, and travels 15.0 cm. in the first secnd. What is the final speed at the bttm f the ramp? 1.22 m/s What is the average acceleratin alng the ramp? m/s 2 What is the acceleratin during the first secnd? 0.30 m/s 2 Apprximately hw far wuld the ball rll after 2 secnds? 3 secnds? 0.60 m, 1.35 m 8. Using the car, ramp, meterstick, stpwatch, and balance: a. Calculate the ptential energy f the car at the tp f the ramp. b. Determine the final velcity f the car at the bttm f the ramp. c. Determine the kinetic energy f the car at the bttm f the ramp. d. The average acceleratin f the car dwn the ramp. e. The frce required t accelerate the car dwn the ramp. f. The amunt f energy "lst". g. Accunt fr the "lst" energy, hw d yu accunt fr it being "lst"? Data Table Mass f car: g Height f Ramp: cm Length f Ramp: 1.80 m Time (Trial 1) 2.30 s (Trial 2) 2.45 s (Trial 3) 2.40 s a. GPE at tp = J b. Velcity at bttm = 1.51 m/s c. Kinetic Energy at bttm = J d. acceleratin = m/s/s e. Frce = N f. Energy "lst" = J g. Thermal energy! Frictin between car and ramp. 9. A ty car with a mass f 25.0 grams is sitting n the tp f an inclined plane. The inclined plane is 1.80 meters lng and 25.0 cm high at ne end. What is the gravitatinal ptential energy f the car at the tp f the ramp? J 10. When the car in the abve prblem was allwed t rll dwn the ramp, a student determined that it required 1.90 secnds t reach the end f the ramp. What is the kinetic energy f the car at the bttm f the ramp using the student's data? J 11. Explain why a magician is able t pull a tableclth ut frm under a dining set cmplete with candle hlders. The dining set has a large intertia.

5 12. Assuming that a red car has a mass f 1000 kg and a white car has a mass f 2000 kg. If bth cars are traveling at the same velcity, which car has the greater kinetic energy? The KE f the white car is larger. 13. Assume that a red car has a mass f 1000kg and a white car has a mass f 2000 kg. If the red car has twice the velcity f the white car, which car has the greater kinetic energy? The red car s KE is twice as big. 14. A car mves 4 times as fast as anther identical car. Cmpared t the slwer car, hw much mre kinetic energy des the faster car have than the slwer car? 16 times the KE 15. When the same net frce is applied t tw blcks, the yellw ne has a larger acceleratin than the blue ne. Explain. The yellw ne has a smaller mass. Practice Prblems (withut answers) 1. A camel s ft has a circumference f 50.0 cm. If it weighs 800 lbs, what is the pressure n the bttm f a camel s ft? 2. My sn s ty truck (a Frd F-150) measures cm lng and cm high. If the real truck is exactly 7 feet tall, hw lng is the real truck? 3. The fllwing data was btained by measuring the mass and vlume f 5 samples f a mineral. Calculate the ttal mass and ttal vlume fr the samples as yu did in the labratry. Draw a best-fit graph t determine the average density f the material. Sample Mass (g) Vlume (ml) Ttal Mass (g) Ttal Vlume (ml) Using yur graph, if yu have a g sample f the mineral, what vlume wuld it ccupy? If yu had a have a 40.0 ml sample f the mineral what is the mass f this sample? 5. What is the vlume f a rectangular slid that is 8.6 mm x 15.0 mm x 59.6 mm? In mm 3, cm 3, and m 3. Express yur answer in crrect significant figures and in scientific ntatin. 6. Hw many pieces f rice that are 1.4 mm x 8.2 mm x 1.4 mm wuld fit int a cylinder that measures cm high and has a diameter f 7.26 cm? Express yur answer in crrect significant figures and in scientific ntatin. 7. If yu estimated that there were 580 jelly beans in a jar and actually there were 550 jelly beans, what is yur percent errr? 8. If a car is traveling at 110 km/hr and it travels fr 45 minutes hw far des it g?

6 9. If a truck travels 540 km in 6.5 hrs, what is its average speed? 10. Cnsider the fllwing scenari. A car (and driver) are traveling dwn Rt. 95 at 55 mph. The driver increases its speed t 70 mph t pass a truck. A plice car spts the car speeding, and pulls the car ver t the side f the rad t a cmplete stp. Cnstruct a graph illustrating the speed and acceleratin fr this car. 11. Tw students are cnducting an experiment t determine the height f a building. One student at the tp drps a rck. The secnd student times hw lng it takes the rck t fall t the grund. Ignring air resistance, hw high is the building if it takes 4.5 secnds fr the rck t fall frm the tp f the building. (d = ½at 2 ) What is the speed f the rck when it hits the grund? (Final Speed = acceleratin x time) 12. If a ball rlls dwn a ramp that is 1.750m lng and it takes 2.48s t d s: a) what is the acceleratin f the ball and b) what is the speed f the ball at the end f the ramp? Hw far did it travel in the first secnd? After tw secnds? What is its speed after ne secnd? After tw secnds? 13. A car traveling at a cnstant speed f 65 mph has zer acceleratin. Explain hw this is s. 14. A skydiver has a mass f kg. What is the dwnward frce f the skydiver? 15. At the instant the skydiver exits the airplane, what is the dwnward acceleratin f the skydiver? 16. As the skydiver falls thrugh the air, what changes ccur in the fllwing: (circle the crrect answers) The skydiver s dwnward frce: Increase Decrease N Change The skydiver s acceleratin: Increase Decrease N Change The upward air resistance: Increase Decrease N Change 17. In the mrning I have lts f energy s I can usually run up the stairs t the secnd flr f Clarke Science, smetimes taking tw steps at a time. By the afternn I m tired, and I walk up the stairs much slwer. Cmpare the wrk perfrmed climbing the stairs in the mrning and afternn. 18. A small child slides dwn a playgrund slide. The child s bigger brther is sitting at the bttm f the slide and the child crashes int his brther at the bttm. What can be said abut the frces acting n the child and the bigger brther? 19. The Apll 15 astrnauts: a. What did they d? b. What happened? c. What did it prve?

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