IAEA CLASSIFICATION OF URANIUM DEPOSITS. Patrice BRUNETON IAEA Vienna URAM 2014
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1 IAEA CLASSIFICATION OF URANIUM DEPOSITS Patrice BRUNETON IAEA Vienna URAM 2014
2 Franz DAHLKAMP
3 Europe (2014?) 4. Africa-Australia??
4 Classifications of uranium deposits follow two general approaches, focusing on: descriptive features such as the geotectonic position, the host rock type, the orebody morphology, : «geologic classification» or on genetic aspects : «genetic classification»
5 1991 IAEA uranium deposits classification 1) Unconformity-related 23 2) Sandstones 250 3) Quartz-pebble conglomerates 22 4) Veins 128 5) Breccia complexes 1 6) Intrusive 13 7) Phosphorites 10 8) Collapse breccia pipes 10 9) Volcanic 43 10) Surficial 16 11) Metasomatites 12 12) Metamorphic 10 13) Lignite-coal 22 14) Black shales 9 15) Other types (carbonates) 13 (582) Deposits were conventionally listed in order of economic ranking
6 2012 «Red Book» classification 1) Unconformity-related (McArthur, Ranger) 2) Sandstones (Mynkuduk, Arlit) 3) Hematite breccia complexes (Olympic Dam) 4) Quartz-pebble conglomerates (Witwatersrand) 5) Veins (Limousin, Czech Republic) 6) Intrusive (Rossing, Ilimaussaq) 7) Volcanic and caldera-related (Streltsovska) 8) Metasomatites (Michurinskoye, Lago Real) 9) Surficial (Yeelirrie, Langer Heinrich) 10) Collapse breccia pipes (Arizona Strip) 11) Phosphorites (Uncle Sam, Gantour) 12) Other types (metamorphic, limestones, coal) 13) Rock types with elevated U content (pegmatites, granites, black shales)
7 IAEA 2013 classification of uranium deposits The 2013 IAEA classification is a combination between the IAEA classification used in the Red Book since 1991 and the Dahlkamp (1993, 2009) classifications: 15 main types of deposits, 36 sub-types and 14 classes have been retained
8 «Uranium DEPOSITS» IAEA-NEA Red Book (2012): «Uranium deposit : a mass of naturally occurring mineral from which uranium could be exploited at present or in the future» IAEA-UDEPO Database: geological database first no economic connotation: geological resources 300 t U minimum, no restrictions for the grade 1532 deposits/districts in 74 countries listed end of 2013
9 IAEA 2013 classification 1. Intrusive 2. Granite-related 3. Polymetallic hematite breccia complex 4. Volcanic-related 5. Metasomatite 6. Metamorphite 7. Proterozoic unconformity 8. Collapse breccia pipe 9. Sandstone 10. Paleo quartz-pebble conglomerate 11. Surficial 12. Coal-lignite 13. Carbonate 14. Phosphate 15. Black shales
10 IAEA 2013 classification 1. Intrusive 2. Granite-related 3. Polymetallic hematite breccia complex 4. Volcanic-related 5. Metasomatite 6. Metamorphite 7. Proterozoic unconformity 8. Collapse breccia pipe 9. Sandstone 10. Paleo-quartz pebble conglomerate 11. Surficial 12. Coal-lignite 13. Carbonate 14. Phosphate 15. Black shales
11 Sediment/sedimentary basins associations 11. Surficial 9. Sandstone 10. Paleo-quartz pebble conglomerate 8. Collapse breccia pipe 7. Proterozoic unconformity 12. Coal-lignite 13. Carbonate 14. Phosphate 15. Black shales Metamorphic 1.1. Intrusive anatectic 5. Metasomatite 6. Metamorphite Igneous plutonic and volcanic 2. Granite-related 4. Volcanic-related 1.2. Intrusive plutonic 3. Polymetallic hematite breccia complex
12 Magmatic (crystal fract.) PAk HKCa Volcanic IOCG(U) Veins PAl PAl IGNEOUS ROCKS Alaskites Calcretes/Lignite/Coal Conglomerates Phosphates Black Shales Cuney Basal 2010 Upper cont. crust Rollfront 2.7 ppm U SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Tabular ROCKS Tectonolithologic Breccia Pipes Unconformity CONTINENTAL CRUST 1.7ppm U METAMORPHIC ROCKS HT Metamorphic T C LT Metamorphic Nametasomatism PAk HKCa M A N T L E Primitive Mantle : 21ppb Carb. chondrites : 7ppb
13 Number of deposits by type 9. Sandstone Granite-related Volcanic-related Metamorphite Proterozoic unconformity Intrusive Metasomatite Paleo quartz-pebble conglomerate Surficial Phosphate Black shales Coal-lignite Collapse breccia pipe Polymetallic hematite breccia complex Carbonate 10 (1532)
14 Type 1 - Intrusive deposits Monzogranite Alaskite Dahlkamp, 2009 Two sub-types: Intrusive anatectic (pegmatites-alaskites) (Rossing, Namibia) Intrusive magmatic - granite-monzonites (Bingham Canyon, USA) - peralcaline complexes (Kvanefjeld, Greenland) - carbonatites (Catalao, Brazil)
15 Type 2 - Granite-related deposits Dahlkamp, sub-types : 2.1. Intragranitic (La Crouzille District, France) 2.2. Perigranitic (Pribram District, Czech Republic)
16 Type 3- Polymetallic ironoxide breccia complex (Olympic Dam)
17 Type 4 - Volcanic-related deposits Dahlkamp, sub-types: 3.1. Structure-bound (Streltsov, Russia) 3.2. Stratabound (Maureen, Australia) 3.3. Volcano-sedimentary (Anderson Mine, USA)
18 Type 5 - Metasomatite Dahlkamp, sub-types: 5.1. Na-metasomatite (Kirovograd District, Ukraine) 5.2. K-metasomatite (Elkon District, Russia) 5.3. Skarn (Mary Kathleen, Australia)
19 Type 6 - Metamorphite Dahlkamp, sub-types: 6.1. Stratabound (Forstau, Austria) 6.2. Structure-bound Monometallic veins (Schwartzwalder, USA) Polymetallic veins (Shinkolobwe, Democratic Rep of the Congo) 6.3. Marble-hosted phosphates (Itataia, Brazil)
20 Itataia-Santa Quiteria deposit 6.3. marble-hosted phosphate Complex hydrothermal metasomatic Cambrian- Ordovician uraniferous collophane deposit, hosted by Precambrian metamorphic marls Dahlkamp, 2009
21 Type 7 - Proterozoic unconformity 3 sub-types : 7.1. basement-hosted (Jabiluka, Australia; Millenium, Canada) 7.2. unconformity-contact (Cigar Lake, Key Lake, Canada) 7.3. stratiform fractured-controlled (Lambapur, India)
22 Cigar Lake Key Lake Eagle Point P-Patch
23 Dahlkamp, Stratiform fracture-controlled (India)
24 Type 8 Collapse breccia pipes Wenrich and Titley, (2008)
25 Type 9 - Sandstone Dahlkamp, sub-types: 9.1. Basal channel (Beverley, Australia) 9.2. Tabular (Niger) 9.3. Rollfront (Wyoming; Kazakhstan) 9.4. Tectonic-lithologic (Lodève; Gabon) 9.5. Mafic dikes/sills in Proterozoic sandstones (Wesmoreland, Australia)
26 9.1. Basal channel 9.3. Roll-front 9.2. Tabular 9.5. Mafic dikes in Proterozoic sandstones 9.4. Tectono-lithologic
27 Type 10 - Paleo quartz-pebble conglomerate Dahlkamp, 2009 Two sub-types : Au-dominant (Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa) U -dominant (Blind River-Elliot Lake area, Canada)
28 Type 11 - Surficial deposits Dahlkamp, 2009 Four sub-types: Peat-bog (Kamushanovskoye, Kyrgyzstan) Fluvial valley (Yeelirrie, Australia) Lacustrine-playa (Lake Maitland, Australia) Pedogenic and fracture-filled (Beslet, Bulgaria)
29 Type 13 - Carbonate Karst (Sanbaqi, China) Stratabound (Tumalappalle, India) Dahlkamp, Cataclastic (Mailuu-Suu, Kyrgyzstan)
30 Type 12 Coal-lignite (Koldzat, Kazakhstan; Freital, Germany) Type 15 Black shale (MMS Vicken, Sweden; Ronneburg District, Germany) Dahlkamp, 2009 Two sub-types: Stratiform Fracture-controlled
31 Type 14 - Phosphate 3 sub-types: Organic phosphorite (Mangyshlak District, Kazakhstan; Minjingu, Tanzania) Dahlkamp, 2009
32 Type 14 - Phosphate Minerochemical phosphorite (Morocco, Florida) Dahlkamp, Continental phosphate (Bakouma District, Central African Rep.) AREVA document
33 «Unconventional resources» Conventional resources are defined as resources from which uranium is recoverable as a primary product, a co-product or an important by-product Unconventional resources are resources from which uranium is only recoverable as a minor byproduct, such as uranium associated with phosphate rocks, non-ferrous ores, carbonatite, black shale and lignite (Red Book 2012)
34 «Unconventional resources» 1. Intrusive anatectic and plutonic Granite-related Polymetallic hematite breccia complex Volcanic-related Metasomatite Metamorphite Proterozoic unconformity Collapse breccia pipe Sandstone Paleo-quartz pebble conglomerate Surficial Coal-lignite Carbonate Phosphate Black shale 45
35 UDEPO total resources (2013) ( t U) Phosphate Coal-lignite Black shales Sandstone Polymetallic breccia complex Proterozoic unconformity Intrusive anatectic-plutonic Paleo-quartz pebble conglomerate Metasomatite Volcanic-related Metamorphite Granite-related Surficial Carbonate Collapse breccia pipe
36 Final remarks Revised and improved geological classification of uranium deposits with 15 main types covering most geological formations Detailed classification with 50 sub-types and classes The UDEPO Database with 1532 «deposits», useful tool being improved regularly A new sub-database (UncvDEPO) for unconventional ressources
37 IAEA technical documents in preparation Geological Classification of Uranium Deposits and Description of Selected Examples World distribution of uranium deposits - The UDEPO Database
38 THANK YOU!
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