The Importance of Habitat Mapping
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1 The Importance of Habitat Mapping H. Gary Greene With Assistance from: Charlie Endris and Bryan Dieter For: MESH Conference Dublin Castle, Dublin, Ireland - 14 March 2007
2 Objectives To illustrate why habitat mapping is important To show how deep-water habitat mapping has been used along the western margin of the U.S. to facilitate management of marine resources To present different types of case histories that show how habitat mapping can be used in resources management To show how GIS can be useful in habitat evaluation To illustrate how habitats can be efficiently archived and retrieved in a GIS
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4 Before Multibeam
5 After!
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8 Hurbert Vos, 1898 Study of Hawaiian Fish
9 A Geologist
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11 A Biologist
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13 SCALE SCALE SCALE Scale In Time & Space
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18 MBARI Santa Barbara multibeam data Slope-shaded bathymetry
19 Santa Barbara Habitat Map Anoxic basin Ss_u Smh_h Shm_l/p Shs_i She_c Fs_u Fsc_u/c Fsc/f_u Fsg/o_h/u Fsc/t_u Fsg_u Fsg/m_s/u Fsl_h/u Fsl/s_i/u Fsm_s/u Fst_u Fsy_u Fmt_u/c Fhc_c Fhe_c Fhm_c/l Fhs/t_i Rs_u Rsg_u Rsl_h/u Rsm_l/s Rhm_l/p Bs_u Unconsolidated Sediment (Shelf) Tar Flow Carbonate Mound (Shelf) Fault Scarp Bedrock Exposure (Shelf) Unconsolidated Sediment (Flank) Soft Canyon Wall (Flank) Canyon Floor (Flank) Braded Channel (Flank) Terrace Deposit in Canyon (Flank) Gully (Flank) Potholes (Flank) Landslide (Flank) Landslide Scarp (Flank) Scour Depression (Flank) Terrace Deposit (Flank) Fan (Flank) Terrace Slope (Flank) Hard Canyon Wall (Flank) Bedrock Exposure (Flank) Carbonate Mound (Flank) Terrace Scarp (Flank) Unconsolidated Sediment (Ridge) Gully (Ridge) Landslide (Ridge) Pockmark (Ridge) Carbonate Mound (Ridge) Unconsolidated Sediment (Basin)
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21 Interpretations of benthic habitats from USGS data
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23 After Mosher and Johnson, 2000
24 Before Multibeam
25 Large submarine dune field in western Boundary Pass A A`
26 After Mosher and Johnson, 2000
27 Strait of Juan de Fuca sand waves After Mosher and Johnson, 2000
28 Sandwave Field Shaw Island FHL San Juan Island N Lopez Island
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30 1) Sampling
31 Density (531,893 m 2 sandwave area, 0.12 m 2 grab area) Dark: 48 fish/m 2 (var. of mean=27) Light: 120 fish/m 2 (var. of mean=50) Dark vs. Light t-test: p= Average: 84 fish/m 2 Range: fish/m 2
32 Abundance in Sandwave Field If avg. density = 84 fish/m 2 : 44,556,805 fish If light density = 120 fish/m 2 : 63,742,733 fish
33 Dynamic bedforms values in meters 2003 Boundary Pass region, Canada
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35 Geologic Setting Numerous episodes of uplift & subsidence associated with tectonics and glacial cycles (Burmester, Blake, & Engebretson, 2000))
36 Seafloor Complexity RUGOSITY = Surface area / Planar area Quantitative, Standardized method (reproducible)
37
38 Turn Island Seafloor Complexity Low ( ) Intermediate ( ) Mod. High to High ( ) Extremely High ( ) Turn Is.
39 Methodology Pile Point Pile Point Habitat Extensions Fractured bedrock Fractured bedrock wall Channel sediments Low Intermediate Mod. High to High Extremely High
40 Abbreviations: - PSF = Peril Strait Fault - MEVF = Mt. Edgecombe Volcanic Field - CSF = Chattam Strait Fault Submarine Volcanic Center - QC-FW = Queen Charlotte- Fairweather Fault
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47 Abbreviations: - PSF = Peril Strait Fault - MEVF = Mt. Edgecombe Volcanic Field - CSF = Chattam Strait Fault Submarine Volcanic Center - QC-FW = Queen Charlotte- Fairweather Fault
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50
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52 Abbreviations: - PSF = Peril Strait Fault - MEVF = Mt. Edgecombe Volcanic Field - CSF = Chattam Strait Fault Submarine Volcanic Center - QC-FW = Queen Charlotte- Fairweather Fault
53 Volcanic Cone
54 Fairweather Habitat Map 1:45,0000
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59 Bimodal substrate Mud Scoured depression Scarp Sand waves w/ ripples Sand waves Sed. covered bedrock Exposed bedrock Pinnacle
60 Bimodal substrate Mud Scoured depression Scarp Sand waves w/ ripples Sand waves Sed. covered bedrock Exposed bedrock Pinnacle
61 Bimodal substrate Mud Scoured depression Scarp Sand waves w/ ripples Sand waves Sed. covered bedrock Exposed bedrock Pinnacle
62 Bimodal substrate Mud Scoured depression Scarp Sand waves w/ ripples Sand waves Sed. covered bedrock Exposed bedrock Pinnacle
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70 Conclusions Marine benthic habitat maps are important sources of information critical to the evaluation of marine resources Interpreted potential habitat maps provides a base upon which biological and other data can be added Resolution and accuracy of data collection and scale of interpretation should be considered at all times GIS facilitates efficient achieving and retrieval of habitat characteristics if habitat types are attributed properly
71 From Managing Disasters to Managing Risk
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