A preliminary checklist of marine algae from the Coast of Goa

Transcription

1 Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences Vol. 43 (4), April 2014, pp A preliminary checklist of marine algae from the Coast of Goa N. Pereira* & M. R. Almeida Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg, Fort, Mumbai India * [ neelam.pereira@gmail.com] Received 28 July 2012, revised 19 december 2012 An updated species list has been compiled for the marine algae of the Goa coast-on the basis of fresh collections. Of the 145 specimens comprising of 64 species of red algae 41 species of green algae and 40 brown algae, 70 species represent new records for the Goa coast. Keywords: Marine algae, Goa seasons, Checklist. Introduction The knowledge of marine flora from the Goa region in the recent past has been limited due to the lack of literature. Along the West coast of India, Gujarat exhibits fairly diverse seaweed flora 1 compared to Maharashtra 2, Karnataka 3 and Kerala 4. Though, 74 seaweed species have been reported from the earlier surveys conducted by Dhargalkar 5 and Agadi 6, there is a lack of an updated data for the entire coastline of Goa. Along the Goa Coast, seaweeds occur in the intertidal zone and beyond the tidal area 7, where the splash of water reaches during high tide (spray zone) and below it (in the subtidal zone, on submerged reefs and rock boulders). Their growth depends on the season and the wave action. Despite its geographical proximity to Maharashtra and Karnataka, it has been observed that Goa coast exhibits a variation in seaweed flora in comparison to these regions 6. An attempt was made to fill up the lacunae in the seaweed records of the Goa coast. On the basis of seasonal sampling carried over a period of three years along the Goa coast, 146 species of marine algae have been recorded. This study makes an attempt to give a better understanding of seaweed flora along the Goa coast with respect to seasonal changes. Add. for correspondence: 203, Govinda, Holy Cross Road, I C Colony Ext., Borivali (W), Mumbai , India. Materials and Methods Goa is situated along the Central West Coast of India and lies along 14º 49' - 15º 52' N and 73º 38' - 74º 24' E. The state has a coastline measuring about 120 km. It is segmented as a result of estuaries, beaches, rocky shores, cliffs, bays and creeks. There are seven estuaries and three bays, sandy as well as rocky beaches are found. The climate is warm (atmospheric temperature C) and humid (humidity 60-90%) with an average annual rainfall of about 3000 mm 8. Sixteen stations have been selected for the present study. The stations studied from the northern end of the state to the southern most point are Terekhol, Chapora, Vagator, Anjuna, Baga, Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Siridao, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Holant, Betul, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Talpona and Polem (Map 1). Of the sixteen stations, Terekhol, Chapora, Baga, Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Siridao, Betul and Talpona have estuarine influence due to their proximity to rivers. Whereas the remaining stations comprising of Vagator, Anjuna, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Holant, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem and Polem can be classified as Open Coasts. San Jacinto Island, an essentially estuarine station located in Chicalim Bay was studied with point of view of its ecological importance. These stations were surveyed during three different seasons (Pre-monsoon March to May, Monsoon June to September and Post-monsoon November to February) of a year from October 2008 to September 2010.

2 656 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 43, NO. 4, MARCH 2014 Porphyra suborbiculata Kjellman Exsiccata: Type locality: Goto-retto, Nagasaki, Japan 10. Distribution in Goa: Palolem; Season: Monsoon. Porphyra vietnamensis T. Tanaka & Pham.-Hoang Ho Exsiccata: Type locality: Vung-Tan, Vietnam 10. Baga, Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Siridao, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Betul, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Talpona, Polem; Season: Monsoon. Acrochaetium robustum Børgesen Exsiccata: Type locality: Virgin Islands, St. Thomas Island, The Harbor 10. Distribution in Goa: Polem; Specimen Jar. No. 7. Season: Fig. 1 Map showing study area Diverse habitat types at each collection site were surveyed in order to obtain a representative censusof algal diversity. Samples were preserved in 5-10% Formalin/seawater and pressed and air-dried on herbarium sheets for the purpose of dry preservation. This work may serve as a preliminary checklist of marine algalspecies from the Goa coast. Every species enlisted here is given along with its typelocality and distribution along the Goa Coast. Systematic arrangement of Cyanophyta, Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta and Chlorophyta follows 9 Silva et al. Results Erythrocladia irregularis Rosenvinge Exsiccata: Type locality: Mollegrund, Denmark 10. Distribution in Goa: San Jacinto Island; Season: Post-Monsoon. Porphyra crispate Kjellman Exsiccata: Type locality: Goto-retto, Nagasaki, Japan 10. Distribution in Goa: Palolem; Season: Monsoon. Ahnfeltia plicata (Hudson) Fries Exsiccata: Type locality: (presumable as) England 10. Baga, Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Siridao, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Betul, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Talpona, Polem; Season: Monsoon & Gelidium micropterum Kützing Exsiccata: Type locality: South Africa: Cape of Good Hope 10. Distribution in Goa: Chapora, Baga, Reis Magos, Talpona; Season: Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) LeJolis Exsiccata: Type locality: Sidmouth, Devon, England 9. Anjuna, Baga, Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Siridao, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Holant, Betul, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Talpona, Polem; Season: All 3 seasons. Pterocladia capillacea (Gmelin) Bornet Exsiccata: Type locality: Mediterranean Sea 10. Distribution in Goa: Chapora; Season: Gracilaria corticata (J. Agardh) J. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: Sri Lanka 9. Distribution in Goa: Vagator, Anjuna, Baga, Reis Magos, Siridao, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Palolem, Talpona, Polem; Season: Gracilaria foliifera (Forsskål) Børgesen Exsiccata: Type locality: Mokha, Yemen 10. Distribution in Goa: Mormugoa, Polem; Season: Pre-monsoon & Monsoon.

3 PEREIRA & ALMEIDA: MARINE ALGAE FROM THE COAST OF GOA 657 Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss Exsiccata: Type locality: England 9. Distribution in Goa: Vagator, Baga, Palolem, Talpona, Polem; Season: Grateloupia filicina (Lamouroux) C. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: Trieste, Italy 9. Distributionin Goa: Terekhol, Vagator, Baga, Siridao, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Talpona, Polem; Season: Monsoon & Grateloupia filicina f. horrida (Kützing) Børgesen Exsiccata: Type locality: Golfo di Napoli and Palermo, Italy 9. Distribution in Goa: Polem; Season: Monsoon & Grateloupia lithophila Børgesen Exsiccata: Type locality: Madras, India 11. Distribution in Goa: Terekhol, Polem; Season: Peyssonnelia obscura Webber -van Bosse var. bombayensis Børgesen Exsiccata: Type locality: Malabar Hill, Bombay, India 12. Distribution in Goa: Talpona; Season: Hildenbrandia rubra (Sommerfelt) Meneghini Exsiccata: Type locality: Nordland, Norway 10. Distribution in Goa: Terekhol, Dona Paula, Betul, Talpona; Season: Amphiroa anceps (Lamarck) Decaisne Exsiccata: Type locality: les mers Australes ou de la Nouv. Holl. 9 Distribution in Goa: Cabo-de-Rama; Season: Amphiroa fragilissima (Linnaeus) Lamouroux Exsiccata: Type locality: Jamaica 9. Distribution in Goa: Anjuna, Baga, Dona Paula, Bogmalo, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Polem; Season: Amphiroa rigida Lamouroux Exsiccata: Type locality: Mediterranean Sea 9. Distribution in Goa: Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem; Season: Cheilosporum spectabile Harvey ex Grunow Exsiccata: Type locality: Tonga 9. Distribution in Goa: Anjuna, Baga, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Palolem, Polem; Season: Corallina officinalis Linnaeus Exsiccata: Type locality: Oceanus Europae 9. Distributionin Goa: Baga, Bogmalo, Polem; Season: Hydrolithon farinosum (Lamouroux) Penrose & Chamberlain Exsiccata: Type locality: Mediterranean Sea 13. Distribution in Goa: Talpona; Season: Hydrolithon reinboldii (Weber-van Bosse & Foslie) Foslie Exsiccata: Type locality: Muaras Reef, Borneo Bank, Indonesia 9. Distribution in Goa: Baga; Season: Jania rubens (Linnaeus) Lamouroux Exsiccata: Type locality: Europe 9. Distribution in Goa: Dona Paula, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Polem; Season: Lithophyllum orbiculatum (Foslie) Foslie Exsiccata: Type locality: Norway, Kristiansand 9. Distribution in Goa: Vagator, Baga, Dona Paula, Holant, Cabo-de-Rama, Polem; Season: Pre-monsoon, Mesophyllum erubescens (Foslie) Lemoine Exsiccata: Typelocality: Fernando de Noronha, Chaloup Bay 9. Distribution in Goa: Cabo-de-Rama; Season: Catenella caespitose (Withering) L. Irvine Exsiccata: Type locality: Anglesey, Wales 9. Chondracanthus acicularis (Roth) Fredericq Exsiccata: Type locality: Adriatic Sea 9. Distribution in Goa: Chapora,Vagator, Anjuna, Baga, Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Siridao, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Holant, Betul, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Polem, San Jacinto; Season: Monsoon & Hypnea flagelliformis Greville ex J. Ag. Exsiccata: Type locality: ad littus Hindostaniae [India] 9. Distribution in Goa: Anjuna, Baga; Season: Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux, Exsiccata: Type locality: Trieste, Italy 9. Baga, Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Siridao, Mormugoa,

4 658 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 43, NO. 4, MARCH 2014 Betul, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Polem; Season: All 3 seasons. Hypnea spinella (C. Agardh) Kützing Exsiccata: Type locality: West Indies 9. Distribution in Goa: Vagator, Anjuna, Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Palolem, Polem; Season: Pre-monsoon & Post-monsoon Hypnea valentiae (Turner) Montagne Exsiccata: Type locality: Red Sea 9. Distribution in Goa: Dona Paula; Season: Post-monsoon Ahnfeltiopsis pygmaea (J. Agardh) P. C. Silva & De Cew Exsiccata: Type locality: India 14. Distribution in Goa: Chapora, Polem; Season: Champia compressa Harvey Exsiccata: Type locality: Muizenberg, Cape Province, South Africa 9. Distribution in Goa: Reis Magos; Season: Post-monsoon Champia parvula (C. Agardh) Harvey Exsiccata: Type locality: Cadiz, Spain 9. Distribution in Goa: Terekhol, Siridao, Palolem; Season: Gastroclonium compressum (Hollenberg) Chang & B. Xia Exsiccata: Type locality: Corona del Mar, California, U.S.A. 9. Distribution in Goa: Siridao; Season: Post-monsoon Gelidiopsis variabilis (J. Agardh) Schmitz Exsiccata: Type locality: Madras, India 9. Distribution in Goa: Chapora, Vagator, Baga, Mormugoa, Polem; Season: Antithamnion cruciatum (C. Agardh) Nägeli Exsiccata: Type locality: Trieste, Italy 9. Distribution in Goa: Dona Paula, San Jacinto Island; Season: Centroceras clavulatum (C. Agardh) Montagne Exsiccata: Type locality: Callao, Peru 9. Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Siridao, Bogmalo, Betul, Cabo-de-Rama, Talpona, Polem; Season: Ceramium cimbricum H. Petersen Exsiccata: Type locality: Ejerslev Ron, Denmark 9. Baga, Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Holant, Betul, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Talpona, Polem; Season: Ceramium cruciatum Collins & Hervey Exsiccata: Type locality: Gibbit Island, Bermuda 10. Gayliellaflaccida (Harvey ex Kützing) T. O. Cho & L. J. McIvor Exsiccata: Type locality: Kilkee, County Clare, Ireland 10. Distribution in Goa: Dona Paula, Mormugoa, Holant, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Talpona, Polem; Season: Aglaothamnion tenuissimum (Bonnemaison) Feldmann-Mazoyer Exsiccata: Syntype localities: France: Saint-Pol-de- Leon and Brest 9. Distribution in Goa: Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Talpona; Season: Crouania attenuata (C. Agardh) J. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: France: Brittany 9. Distribution in Goa: Dona Paula, San Jacinto; Season: Ptilothamnion speluncarum (F. S. Collins & Hervey) D. L. Ballantine & M. J. Wynne Exsiccata: Type locality: Bermuda 9. Wrangelia argus (Montagne) Montagne Exsiccata: Type locality: Roque del Gando, Islas Canarias 9. Distribution in Goa: Dona Paula; Season: Dasya ocellata (Grateloup) Harvey Exsiccata: Type locality: Sète, Hérault, France 10. Distribution in Goa: Dona Paula; Season: Caloglossa leprieurii (Montagne) G. Martens Exsiccata: Type locality: near Cayenne, French Guiana 9. Anjuna, Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Siridao, Holant,

5 PEREIRA & ALMEIDA: MARINE ALGAE FROM THE COAST OF GOA 659 Betul, Palolem, Talpona; Season: Pre-monsoon, Monsoon. Caloglossa ogasawaraensis Okamura Exsiccata: Type locality: Bonin Islands, Japan 10. Erythroglossum lusitanicum Ardré Exsiccata: Type locality: Buarcos, Portugal 15. Distribution in Goa: Mormugoa, Polem; Season: Hypoglossum hypoglossoides (Stackhouse) Collins & Hervey Exsiccata: Type locality: Polridmouth Cove, Cornwall, England 10. Distribution in Goa: Dona Paula, San Jacinto; Season: Martensia fragilis Harvey Exsiccata: Type locality: Belligam, Sri Lanka 10. Distribution: Present study: Betul, Palolem; Season: Acanthophora muscoides (Linnaeus) Bory Exsiccata: Type locality: St. Croix, Virgin Islands 9. Distribution in Goa: Reis Magos, Dona Paula; Season: All 3 seasons. Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) Børgesen Exsiccata: Type locality: St. Croix, Virgin Islands 9. Distribution in Goa: Vagator, Baga, Reis Magos, Siridao, Betul, Palolem; Season: All 3 seasons. Bostrychia radicans (Montagne) Montagne Exsiccata: Type locality: near Cayenne, French Guiana 9. Bostrychia tenella (Lamouroux) J. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: St. Croix, Virgin Islands 9. Distribution in Goa: Terekhol, Chapora, Anjuna, Baga, Betul, Talpona, San Jacinto; Season: All 3 seasons. Chondria armata (Kützing) Okamura Exsiccata: Type locality:wagap, New Caledonia 9. Distribution in Goa: Palolem, Polem; Season: Chondria capillaries (Hudson) Wynne Exsiccata: Type locality: Hampshire, England; near Margate, Kent 9. Distribution in Goa: Baga, Siridao; Season: Herposiphonia secunda (C. Agardh) Ambronn forma tenella (C. Agardh) Wynne Exsiccata: Type locality:sicily 10. Distribution in Goa: Vagator, Anjuna, Baga, Polem; Season: Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) J. V. Lamouroux Exsiccata: Type locality: England 9. Distribution in Goa: Reis Magos; Season: Neosiphonia ferulacea (Suhr ex J. Agardh) S. M. Guimarães & M. T. Fujii Exsiccata: Type localities: Atlantic Mexico; N. America; West Indies; Hawaiian Islands; Marquesas Islands; Australia 10. Distribution in Goa: Anjuna, Baga, Polem; Season: Polysiphonia atlantica Kapraun & J. Norris Exsiccata: Type locality: Miltown Malbay, Ireland 10. Distribution in Goa: Anjuna, Baga, Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Cabo-de-Rama; Season: Polysiphonia denudate (Dillwyn) Greville Exsiccata: Type locality: Southampton, England 9. Distribution: Present study: Chapora, Vagator, Baga, Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Cabo-de-Rama; Season: Post - monsoon. Vaucheria longicaulis Hoppaugh Exsiccata: Type locality: Eckhorn Slough, Monterey County, California 10. Distribution: Present study: Siridao; Season: Monsoon. Feldmannia indica (Sonder) Womersley & Bailey Exsiccata: Type locality: Bima bay, Indonesia 9. Distribution: Present study: Terekhol, Chapora, Betul, Polem; Season: Feldmannia irregularis (Kützing) G. Hamel Exsiccata: Type locality: Adriatic Sea 9. Distribution in Goa: Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Polem, San Jacinto; Season: Hinksia mitchelliae (Harvey) P. Silva Exsiccata: Type locality: Nantucket, Massachusetts 9. Distribution in Goa: Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Siridao; Season: Ralfsia verrucosa (Areschoug) Areschoug Exsiccata: Type locality: Bohuslan, Sweden 9. Distribution in Goa: Terekhol, Vagator, Siridao, Betul, Talpona; Season: Pre-monsoon.

6 660 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 43, NO. 4, MARCH 2014 Sphacelaria rigidula Kützing Exsiccata: Type locality: Red Sea 9. Anjuna, Baga, Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Holant, Betul, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Talpona, Polem; Season: All 3 seasons. Canistrocarpus cervicornis (Kützing) J. C. De Paula & O. De Clerck Exsiccata: Type locality: Key West, Florida 9. Distribution in Goa: Reis Magos; Season: Canistrocarpus crispatus (Lamouroux) Paula et Clerck Exsiccata: Type locality: Antilles 10. Distribution in Goa: Betul; Season: Pre-monsoon. Canistrocarpus magneanus (Clerck etcoppejans) Paula et Clerck Exsiccata: Type locality: Lion Island, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea 10. Distribution in Goa: Anjuna; Season: Dictyopteris australis (Sonders) Askenasy Exsiccata: Type locality: Lefevre Peninsula, South Australia 9. Distribution: Present study: Betul; Season: Pre-monsoon. Dictyota bartayresiana Lamouroux Exsiccata: Type locality: Antilles, West Indies 9. Distribution: Present study: Anjuna, Reis Magos, Bogmalo; Season: Dictyota ceylanica Kützing Exsiccata: Type locality: Sri Lanka 9. Distribution in Goa: Anjuna; Season: Dictyota ciliolate Kützing Exsiccata: Type locality: La Guaira, Venezuela 9. Distribution in Goa: Anjuna, Baga, Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Mormugoa, Palolem, Polem; Season: Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) Lamouroux Exsiccata: Type locality: Walney Island, England 9. Distribution in Goa: Dona Paula, Mormugoa, Polem; Season: Dictyota divaricata Lamouroux Exsiccata: Type locality: Cádiz, Spain 9. Distribution in Goa: Baga, Cabo-de-Rama; Season: Dictyota dumosa Børgesen Exsiccata: Type locality: Bombay, India 12. Distribution: Present study: Chapora, Vagator, Anjuna, Baga; Season: Padina antillarum (Kützing) Piccone Exsiccata: Type locality: Meith, Somalia 9. Distribution: Present study: Chapora, Anjuna, Reis Magos, Siridao, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Betul, Palolem, Polem; Season: Padina australis Hauck Exsiccata: Type locality: Cape York, Queensland, Australia 10. Distribution: Present study: Baga, Reis Magos, Holant, Betul; Season: Pre-monsoon & Padina boryana Thivy in Taylor Exsiccata: Type locality: Tonga 9. Distribution in Goa: Reis Magos, Bogmalo; Season: Padina gymnospora (Kützing) Sonder Exsiccata: Type locality: Virgin Islands 12. Distribution: Present study: Chapora, Vagator, Baga, Dona Paula, Siridao, Betul, Cabo-de-Rama, San Jacinto; Season: Pre-monsoon & Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy in Taylor Exsiccata: Type locality: In Europae Australis 9. Distribution: Present study: Vagator, Baga, Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Mormugoa, Betul, Palolem; Season: Pre & Spatoglossum asperum J. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: Sri Lanka 9. Distribution: Present study: Anjuna, Baga, Dona Paula, Mormugoa, Betul, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Talpona, Polem; Season: Pre & Postmonsoon. Spatoglossum variabile Figari & De Notaris Exsiccata: Type locality: Suez, Egypt; Aqaba, Jordan 9. Distribution in Goa: Betul; Season: Stoechospermum polypodioides (J. V. Lamouroux) J. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: Ex coll. Forskahleana 9. Baga, Dona Paula, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Holant, Betul, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Talpona, Polem; Season: Pre &

7 PEREIRA & ALMEIDA: MARINE ALGAE FROM THE COAST OF GOA 661 Chnoospora minima (Hering) Papenfuss Exsiccata: Type locality: Port Natal, South Africa 9. Distribution in Goa: Chapora; Season: Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbès & Solier Exsiccata: Type locality: near Cadiz, Spain 9. Distribution in Goa: Reis Magos, Siridao; Season: Iyengaria stellata Børgesen Exsiccata: Type locality: Dwarka, Gujarat 9. Distribution in Goa: Reis Magos, Siridao; Season: Rosenvingea orientalis (J. Agardh) Børgesen Exsiccata: Type locality: Manila, Philippine Islands 9. Distribution in Goa: Cabo-de-Rama; Season: Sargassum cinctum J. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: ad littoral Hindostaniae ; Souliferon 9. Distribution in Goa: Baga, Dona Paula, Bogmalo, Holant, Talpona; Season: Pre & Sargassum cinereum J. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: Hong Kong 9. Distribution in Goa: Vagator, Dona Paula, Bogmalo; Season: Pre & Sargassum cinereum J. Agardh var. berberifoliumbørgesen Exsiccata: Type locality: Not available Distribution in Goa: Baga, Dona Paula, Bogmalo, Holant, Talpona; Season: Pre & Sargassum crassifolium J. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: Cape of Good Hope, S. Africa 10. Distribution in Goa: Terekhol, Anjuna, Betul; Season: Pre & Sargassum glaucescens J. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: Macau 10. Distribution in Goa: Baga, Dona Paula; Season: Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh Type locality: Sunda Strait, Indonesia 9. Distribution in Goa: Chapora, Vagator, Anjuna, Baga, Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Siridao, Bogmalo, Mormugoa, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Talpona; Season: Sargassum plagiophyllum C. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: In mari Indico 9. Distribution in Goa: Vagator, Baga, Bogmalo, Cabode-Rama, Palolem; Season: Pre & Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: Sunda Strait, Indonesia 9. Distribution in Goa: Anjuna, Siridao, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Holant, Betul, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Talpona, Polem; Season: Sargassum prismaticum Chauhan Exsiccata: Type locality: Porbandar, Gujarat 16. Distribution in Goa: Anjuna, Baga, Dona Paula, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Cabo-de-Rama, Polem; Season: Sargassum swartzii C. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: ad oras Hindostaniae 9. Distribution in Goa: Vagator, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Cabo-de-Rama, Talpona; Season: Sargassum tenerrimum J. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: Bombay, India 9. Distribution in Goa: Baga, Dona Paula, Polem; Season: Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: Rodosto, Turkey 9. Distribution in Goa: Terekhol, Baga, Mormugoa, Cabo-de-Rama, Polem; Season: Gayralia oxysperma (Kützing) Vinogradova Exsiccata: Type locality: Germany: Baltic Sea 10. Distribution in Goa: Palolem; Season: Ulva clathrata (Roth) C. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: Baltic Sea, Germany 9. Baga, Siridao, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Holant, Betul, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem; Season: Pre-monsoon & Monsoon. Ulva compressa Linnaeus Exsiccata: Type locality: Europe 10. Distribution in Goa: Chapora, Baga, Mormugoa, Betul, Palolem, Talpona, Polem; Season: Monsoon. Ulva conglobata Kjellman Exsiccata: Type locality: various in Japan 9. Anjuna, Baga, Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Siridao, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Holant, Betul, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Talpona, San Jacinto; Season: Monoon,

8 662 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 43, NO. 4, MARCH 2014 Ulva flexuosa Wulfen Exsiccata: Type locality: Diuno, near Trieste, Italy 9. Distribution in Goa: Chapora, Anjuna, Baga, Reis Magos, Dona Paula, Siridao, Bogmalo, Holant, Betul, Palolem, Talpona, Polem; Season: Monsoon. Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus Exsiccata: Type locality: in mari Omni 9. Distribution in Goa: Vagator, Dona Paula, Siridao; Season: Monsoon. Ulva lactuca Linnaeus Exsiccata: Type locality: In Oceano 9. Distribution in Goa: Vagator, Baga, Dona Paula, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Holant, Betul, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Talpona; Season: Monsoon & Ulva rigida C. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: Cadiz, Spain 9. Reis Magos, Cabo-de-Rama; Season: Ulva taeniata (Setchell) Setchell etgardner Exsiccata: Type locality: Monterey, California, USA 10. Distribution in Goa: Mormugoa; Season: Chaetomorpha antennina (Bory) Kützing Exsiccata: Type locality: Reunion 9. Baga, Mormugoa, Bogmalo, Betul, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Talpona, Polem; Season: All 3 seasons. Chaetomorpha linum (O. F. Müller) Kützing Exsiccata: Type locality: Nakskov and Rødby, Denmark 9. Distribution in Goa: Bogmalo; Season: Chaetomorpha spiralis Okamura Exsiccata: Type locality: Japan 9. Distribution in Goa: Terekhol, Anjuna, Baga, Dona Paula; Season: Cladophora bombayensis Børgesen Exsiccata: Type locality: Bandra, Bombay, India 12. Distribution in Goa: Bogmalo; Season: Cladophora coelothrix Kützing Exsiccata: Type locality: Golfo di Genova, Italy 10. Distribution in Goa: Vagator, Palolem, Talpona, Polem. Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kützing Exsiccata: Type locality: Europe 9. Distribution in Goa: Baga, Siridao, San Jacinto; Season: Cladophora herpestica (Montagne) Kützing Exsiccata: Type locality: Java, Indonesia 9. Distribution in Goa: Anjuna, Dona Paula, Holant, Talpona, Polem; Season: Cladophora lehmanniana (Lindenberg) Kützing Exsiccata: Type locality: Helgoland, Germany 9. Distribution in Goa: Bogmalo, Cabo-de-Rama, Talpona; Season: Monsoon & Cladophora prehendens Kraft & Millar Exsiccata: Type locality: Lord Howe Island 9. Distribution in Goa: Cabo-de-Rama; Season: Cladophora prolifera (Roth) Kützing Exsiccata: Type locality: in mare Corsicam 9. Distribution in Goa: Terekhol, Vagator, Anjuna, Dona Paula, Bogmalo, Polem; Season: Cladophorarhizoclonioidea van den Hoek & Womersley Exsiccata: Type locality: Nora Creina, S. Australia 10. Cladophora saracenica Børgesen Exsiccata: Type locality: Santa Cruz, Bombay, India 12. Distribution in Goa: Dona Paula, Palolem, Talpona, Polem; Season: Cladophora socialis Kützing Exsiccata: Type locality: Tahiti 9. Distribution in Goa: Dona Paula, Cabo-de-Rama; Season: Cladophora vagabunda (Linnaeus) van den Hoek Exsiccata: Type locality: Sussex, England 9. Distribution in Goa: Bogmalo, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem; Season: Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harvey Exsiccata: Type locality: Norderney, East Frisian Islands, Germany 9. Distribution in Goa: Terekhol, Chapora, Anjuna, Reis Magos, Siridao, Palolem, Polem; Season: Monsoon.

9 PEREIRA & ALMEIDA: MARINE ALGAE FROM THE COAST OF GOA 663 Rhizoclonium tortuosum (Dillwyn) Kützing Exsiccata: Type locality: Swansea, Wales 9. Distribution in Goa: Terekhol, Vagator, Baga, Siridao, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Polem; Season: Monsoon & Boodlea composite (Harvey) Brand Exsiccata: Type locality: Mauritius 9. Distribution in Goa: Anjuna, Siridao, Holant, Talpona; Season: Cladophoroposis sundanensis Reinbold Exsiccata: Type locality: Various in Indonesia 9. Distribution in Goa: Terekhol, Dona Paula, Betul, Cabo-de-Rama, Talpona, Polem; Season: Phyllodictyon anastomosans (Harvey) G. T. Kraft & M. J. Wynne Exsiccata: Type locality: Fremantle, Western Australia 9. Distribution in Goa: Holant, Polem; Season: Valoniopsis pachynema (Martens) Børgesen Exsiccata: Type locality: Benkulen and Pulau Tikus, Sumatra, Indonesia 9. Distribution in Goa: Bogmalo, Cabo-de-Rama; Season: Bryopis hypnoides Lamouroux Exsiccata: Type locality: Mediterranean coast of France 9. Distribution in Goa: San Jacinto Island; Season: Bryopsis pennata Lamouroux Exsiccata: Type locality: Antilles, West Indies 9. Distribution in Goa: Bogmalo, Holant, Palolem; Season: Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: Exmouth, England 9. Distribution in Goa: Holant, Talpona; Season: Caulerpa peltata Lamouroux Exsiccata: Type locality: Antilles, West Indies 9. Distribution in Goa: Anjuna, Dona Paula, Bogmalo, Holant, Cabo-de-Rama, Palolem, Polem; Season: Pre & Post-monsoon; Season: Pre & Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: Suez, Egypt 9. Distribution in Goa: Bogmalo, Holant, Cabo-de- Rama; Season: Caulerpa scalpelliformis (Brown ex Turner) C.Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: Southern coast of Australia 9. Distribution: Present study: Bogmalo, Cabo-de- Rama, Palolem, Polem; Season: Caulerpa sertularioides (Gmelin) Howe Exsiccata: Type locality: in corallis americanis 9. Distribution: Present study: Anjuna, Baga, Dona Paula, Bogmalo, Cabo-de-Rama, Polem; Season: Caulerpa sertularioides (Gmelin) Howe forma brevipes (J. Agardh) Svedelius Exsiccata: Type locality: Sri Lanka 10. Distribution in Goa: Anjuna, Dona Paula, Bogmalo; Season: Caulerpa sertularioides (Gmelin) Howe forma longiseta (Bory) Svedelius Exsiccata: Type locality: not specified 9. Distribution in Goa: Baga, Holant; Season: Caulerpa verticillata J. Agardh Exsiccata: Type locality: West Indies 10. Distribution: Present study: Dona Paula, Holant, Bogmalo; Season: Avrainvillea erecta (Berkeley) A. Gepp & E. Gepp Exsiccata: Type locality: Philippine Islands 10. Distribution: Present study: Anjuna; Season: Chlorodesmis hildebrandtii A.Gepp & E.Gepp Exsiccata: Type locality: Pomona, Johanna, Comoro Islands [Domoni on Ndzouani Island] 9. Distribution: Present study: Terekhol, Chapora, Dona Paula; Season: Monsoon & Discussion In this updated list for the marine algae of the Goa coast, totally 146 entities have been recorded. On the basis of published literature 17,18, and, in comparison to the last comprehensive survey 5, there is an addition of 70 new records from the coast of Goa.

10 664 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 43, NO. 4, MARCH 2014 Several interpretations pertaining to the geographical relationship between the species found along the Indian Coast and those found in other parts of the world are known to exist. Børgesen 19 found likeness between algal vegetation of Dwarka with Canary Island as well as the Mediterranean. His investigations along the west coast of India implied that there were similarities between the algae from North Arabian Sea (Karachi, Okha and Dwarka) and Australia 20. Later, Dixit 21 observed an Arabio-African element in the northern part of Bombay state stretching to Karwar. It was supposed that the west coast of India had elements from the Canary, Mediterranean Sea, South Africa, Red Sea, Australia and Japan, whereas the south east coast of India and Ceylon were said to have Malayan forms 22. In the present study Erythroglossum lusitanicum Ardre, a delesseriaceae member endemic to the Mediterranean Sea, forms a new record for the Indian coast. This alga was so far unreported from India. Similarly, Cladophora prehendens, endemic to Australia has also been found in the study area. Though there is a possibility for Asia, Europe and Australia to have similar flora, the recent additions along the Indian Coastline could be attributed to floral migration as a result of the shipping activities 23. Conclusions The absence of species that were earlier recorded could be due to the possibility of being overlooked in the present study or due to a probable fact that they could have been wiped out due to the environmental hazards. Continued investigation of themarine flora of Goa will definitely reveal more speciesconsidering the diversity of the several epiphtytic and endophytic algae. Also, by utilizing marine exploration facilities such as SCUBA diving and snorkeling, one can unravel the unknown species inhabiting the deeper marine waters. Most importantly, meticulous sampling efforts are required to seek the small and cryptic species of the ocean. Acknowledgments Authors wish to thank Director, Bombay Natural History Society for encouragement. Dr. Ignacio Barbara from University of Coruna, Spain; Dr. Olivier De Clerck and Dr. Frederick Leliaert from Ghent University, Belgium, for their valuable inputs. References 1 Chauhan, V. D., Mairh, O. P., Report on survey of the marine algal resources of Saurashtra Coast, India. Salt Res. Ind., 14 (1978) Chauhan, V. D., Report of the survey of the marine algae resources of Maharashtra coast. Salt Res. Ind., 14 (1978) Agadi, V. V., Distribution of marine algae in the littoral zone of Karnataka coast, in:marine Plants, edited by Krishnamurthy, V. anduntawale, A. G., Seaweed Research Utilization Assoc., Madras, (1985) pp Chennubhotla, V. S. K., Ramachandrudu, B. S., Kaladharan, P., Dharmaraj, S. K., Seaweed resources of Kerala coast. Aquat.Biol. (1988)7, Dhargalkar, V. K. Studies on marine algae of the Goa coast, PhD thesis, Bombay University, India (1981). 6 Agadi, V.V. Marine algal studies of the Central West Coast of India. Ph.D. thesis, University of Karnataka (1986). 7 Dhargalkar, V.K. Pereira, N.Seaweed: a valuable marine resource, in: Know your shore, edited by Untawale, A., WWF Goa, (2005)185 pp. 8 Jagtap, T. G., Naik, S., Nagle, V. L. Assessment of Coastal Wetland Resources of Central West Coast, India, using LANDSAT Data.Photonirvachak - Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 29. 3, (2001) Silva, P. C., Basson, P. W. & Moe,R. L. Catalogue of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Indian Ocean.University of California Press,(1996) pp Silva, P. C. Index Nominum Algarum, University Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley. Available at: ucjeps. berkeley.edu/ina.html. Accessed on July 25, Børgesen, F. Sur une collection d'algues marines recueillies à une profondeur remarquable près des Iles Canaries. Revue Algologique 11,(1938) Børgesen, F. A list of marine algae from Bombay. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Biol. Meddele., 12.2, (1935) 64 pp., 25 figs., X pls. 13 Penrose, D., Chamberlain, Y.M. Hydrolithon farinosum (Lamouroux) comb. nov.: implications for generic concepts in the Mastophoroideae (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 32, (1993) , 19 figs. 14 1Coppejans, E., Leliaert, F., Dargent, O., Gunasekara, R., De Clerck, O. Sri Lankan Seaweeds Methodologies and field guide to the dominant species, 6(2009), 265 pp. 15 Guiry, M. D. & G. M. Guiry. Algaebase-Worldwide electronic publication.national University of Ireland, Galway. accessed on 29 March Chauhan, V.D. On a new species of Sargassum from Porbandar (India).Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 6 (1965) , 2 pls. 17 Sahoo, D., Nivedita, Debasish. Seaweeds of the Indian Coast.APH, (2001) pp Dhargalkar, V. K. Marine biodiversity: A comprehensive catalogue of seaweeds of the Central West Coast of India. (DST project report), (2008)pp Børgesen, F. Some Indian Rhodophyceae especially from the shores of the Presidency of Bombay. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1 (1931) 1-24.

11 PEREIRA & ALMEIDA: MARINE ALGAE FROM THE COAST OF GOA Børgesen, F. Some Indian Rhodophyceae especially from the shores of the Presidency of Bombay. IV. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, (1934). 21 Dixit, S.C. Algae of the Malwan harbor. Journalof the University of Bombay, 8.5(1940) Børgesen, F. Contributions to a South Indian marine algal flora. III. Journal of the Indian Botanical Society 17, (1938) , 13 figs, Plates VII, VIII. 23 Pereira, N., Almeida, M.R. New records of seaweeds from the Goa coast.journal of Bombay Natural History society (Accepted for publication).