Virginia Walsh, PhD, P.G. Ed Rectenwald, P.G. April 5, 2016

Transcription

1 Miami-Dade Water & Sewer Department Cenozoic and Late Mesozoic Geology and Hydrogeology Of a 10,000 foot Exploratory Well Virginia Key, Florida Virginia Walsh, PhD, P.G. Ed Rectenwald, P.G. April 5, 2016 Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department

2 Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department (WASD) Overview Largest water and sewer utility in Florida, serving more than 2.2 million residents Water System: 3 large regional and 5 small water treatment plants Supplying an average of 304 million gallons per day 90% of the County s public water supply Per capita water use 137 gpcd 100 water supply wells Wastewater System: 3 wastewater treatment plants 2 ocean outfalls (3 and 7 miles from coast) and 21 deep injection wells (~2,500 ft depth) Collecting, treating, and disposing 316 MGD

3 Ocean Outfalls WASD Water & Wastewater Treatment Facilities Deep injection wells

4 2008 Ocean Outfall Legislation Chapter , Laws of Florida Reduce nutrient loading to the ocean Meet Advance Wastewater Treatment (AWT) by Dec 31, 2018, or Reduce cumulative outfall loadings (from ) equivalent to AWT from December 31, 2025, stop using outfall and implement 60% reuse

5 Anhydrite confining units (not carbonate units) Current deep injection well Boulder Zone (within the FAS) Potential disposal zones within fractured interval (not in the FAS)

6 Documented Deep Geology Caverns in Miami-Dade County Well 6 Well 41 Central District WWTP Well 52 Miami-Dade CDWWTP Injection Well Rebecca Shoal Reef Possible permeable zones for injection

7 Exploratory Well Objectives Permit as a Class V Exploratory Well Perform Standard and Petrophysical Geophysical Logs, Testing, and Coring Analyze for sufficient confinement above the Boulder Zone Analyze the sub-floridan confinement above the permeable Cretaceous s Analyze for adequate injection zone within Cretaceous s to approximately 10,000 feet bls Complete injection well within the Boulder Zone, Permit as Class I Industrial with Dual-Zone Monitor Well Preliminary Evaluation and Site Characterization for future disposal into the permeable Cretaceous s

8 Preliminary seismic studies at Virginia Key in collaboration with USGS prior to drilling Seismic profiling at CDWWTP Miami-Dade County USGS Carbonate Aquifer Characterization Laboratory Davie, FL USGS PROVISIONAL DO NOT CITE

9 Central District Wastewater Treatment Plant Virginia Key

10 CDWWTP IW-1 Class V Injection Well Design Well IW-1 Actual Casing Depths to Date 74-inch Steel to 73 feet bls 66-inch Steel to 300 feet bls 56-inch Steel to 1,060 feet bls 46-inch Steel to 2,090 feet bls 36-inch Steel to 2,780 feet bls Well IW-1 Anticipated Casing Depths 24-inch FRP to 2,780 feet bls Well IW-1 Injection Zone 2,780 feet to 3,150 feet bls ,780 3,150 Base of USDW at 1,360 bls Boulder Zone Sub-Floridan Confinement Zone 7200 Permitted injection capacity is 19.9MGD ~1 MGD Centrate ~12 MGD Scrubber Blowdown ~5 MGD Effluent ~1 MGD Leachate ,000 Potential Injection Zone

11 Lithologic Descriptions, Core Analysis, Geophysical Logging, Packer Testing

12 Permeability within Cretaceous Aged Complex Injection Capacity Evaluations Permeability/Transmissivity Fractures/Fissures Geochemistry Alternative Injection zone TDS > 100,000 mg/l Injectate TDS will be 1,000 mg/l. Need to properly analyze buoyancy effects in testing data sets. Goal is to predict injection capacity and wellhead pressure.

13 74-inch ,000 1,250 Age Pliocene-Pleistocene (5 Ma to present) Miocene (23 to 5.3 Ma) Late Middle - Early Oligocene (33.9 to 23 Ma) Undifferentiated Sediments Tamiami Stock Island Arcadia Suwannee Limestone 66-inch 56-inch 46-inch 36-inch inch Hydrogeology Rock Coring Isolated Pump Testing Pump Testing 35 ft bls 343 ft bls 1,060 ft bls Land Surface 74-inch Pit Steel Casing 66-inch, inch wall, Surface Steel Casing 56-inch, inch wall, Intermediate Steel Casing CDWWTP Exploratory Well Construction and Testing Depth (feet below land surface) 1,500 1,750 2,000 2,250 2,500 2,750 3,000 3,250 3,500 3,750 4,000 4,250 4,500 4,750 5,000 5,250 5,500 5,750 6,000 Eocene (56 to 33.9 Ma) Late - Middle Paleocene (66 to 56 Ma) Early Upper Cretaceous (100.5 to 66 Ma) Avon Park Oldsmar Boulder Zone Cedar Keys (3,440 feet bls) Pine Key (4,970 feet bls) 2,090 ft bls 2,780 ft bls ±3,150 ft bls Final Total Depth Base of USDW 1,360 ft bls 46-inch, inch wall Intermediate Steel Casing 36-inch, inch wall, API-5L Grade B LSAW (Longitudinal Seam Submerged-Arc Welded) Steel Casing inch ID Red Box 1250 FRP Injection Tubing Cementing Packer Ream Injection Zone to Nominal 24-inch Diameter Nominal 12-inch pilot-hole to ±10,000 ft bls (To be back-plugged once testing is completed) 6,250 6,500 6,750 7,000 7,250 7,500 7,750 8,000 8,250 8,500 8,750 9,000 9,250 9,500 9,750 10,000 Lower Cretaceous (145 to Ma) Naples Bay Group (6,410 feet bls) Big Cypress Group (8,080 feet bls) Ocean Reef Group (9,270 feet bls) Glades Group (9,910 feet bls) Semi-confinement Confinement Permeable Nominal 12-inch diameter pilot-hole 10,000 ft bls ASTM C-150 Type II cement with 6% Bentonite by Weight ASTM C-150 Type II Neat cement

14 Cenozoic Geology ,000 1,250 Age Pliocene-Pleistocene (5 Ma and younger) Miocene (23 to 5.3 Ma) Late Middle - Early Oligocene (33.9 to 23 Ma) Undifferentiated Sediments Tamiami Stock Island Arcadia Format ion Suwannee Limestone Hydrogeology Rock Coring Isolated Pump Testing Pump Testing 0 GR.GAPI XCAL.IN YCAL.IN RILD.OHM-M RILM.OHM-M RLL3.OHM-M DT.USEC/FT & SPOR.PU , Depth (feet below land surface) 1,500 1,750 2,000 2,250 2,500 2,750 3,000 3,250 Eocene (56 to 33.9 Ma) Late - Middle Early Avon Park Oldsmar Boulder Zone 3,500 3,750 4,000 4,250 4,500 4,750 5,000 Paleocene (66 to 56 Ma) Cedar Keys (3,440 feet bls) Semi-confinement Confinement Permeable

15 Oldsmar - Boulder Zone

16 Cedar Keys - Sub-Floridan Confinement

17 Cretaceous Geology 5,000 Age Hydrogeology Rock Coring Isolated Pump Testing Pump Testing 0 GR.GAPI XCAL.IN YCAL.IN RILD.OHM-M RILM.OHM-M RLL3.OHM-M DT.USEC/FT & SPOR.PU , ,250 5,500 5,750 6,000 Upper Cretaceous (100.5 to 66 Ma) Pine Key (4,970 feet bls) 6,250 Depth (feet below land surface) 6,500 6,750 7,000 7,250 7,500 7,750 8,000 8,250 8,500 8,750 9,000 9,250 9,500 9,750 10,000 Lower Cretaceous (145 to Ma) Naples Bay Group (6,410 feet bls) Big Cypress Group (8,080 feet bls) Ocean Reef Group (9,270 feet bls) Glades Group (9,910 feet bls) Semi-confinement Confinement Permeable

18 UC - Pine Key

19 LC - Naples Bay Group (Rookery Bay Fm.)

20 LC Naples Bay Group (Panther Camp Fm.)

21 Text Book Anhydrite Bulk Density = 2.96 gm/cc P e = 5

22 Primary Permeability Indicators Primary Porosity is intergrannular/intercrystal. MRIL is good indication of free porosity for hole sizes less than 16 independent of Lith. Free porosity > 10% and ideally > 15% Density porosity >10-15% MRIL and Stonely provides an empirical Permeability est.

23 Secondary Porosity & Permeability Secondary features include open Vugs/Soln Cavities & Open Fractures. Interconnected secondary porosity may have much greater permeability than primary intergranular permeability. Caliper will show enlargement dependant on width Open vugs to be visible on OBI, ABI Travel Time Image and indicated as conductive vugs on XMRI Open fractures to be visible on OBI, ABI Travel Time Image and indicated as conductive features on XMRI

24 24 inch: 26/30 $2.5 billion in HLD costs to comply with the Ocean Outfall Legislation 30 inch: 19/22 Determination of suitable sites for additional Class I Industrial Waste Wells Analysis to determine injection to Cretaceous formations cost effective vs traditional disposal zones

25 Questions? For further project or technical information contact: Virginia Walsh and Ed Rectenwald