Cruise Summary Report MARIA S. MERIAN MSM66. Nuuk - Reykjavik Chief Scientist: Boris Dorschel Captain: Ralf Schmidt

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1 Name Institute Address Dr. Boris Dorschel Alfred Wegener Institute Bathymetry Building Van-Ronzelen-Str. 2 D Bremerhaven Germany Tel.: Fax: Boris.Dorschel@AWI.de Cruise Summary Report MARIA S. MERIAN MSM66 Nuuk - Reykjavik Chief Scientist: Boris Dorschel Captain: Ralf Schmidt

2 2 Maria S. Merian-Berichte, Cruise MSM, Nuuk Reykjavik, 22 nd of July th of August 2017 Objectives The objectives were to systematically search for and map glaciogenic seafloor features providing information on the maximum extend and retreat histories of ice sheets during the last glacial and Holocene. We particularly searched for grounding lines of ice shelves, terminal moraines, megascale glacial lineations and drumlins in glacier-troughs, shelf-troughs, fjords and on inter-trough banks. An additional objective was to study the potential of planktonic foraminifera to serve as proxies for past ocean circulation in north Baffin Bay, their behaviour under the unique oceanographic conditions in Baffin Bay and their pattern of calcite delivery to the sea floor.

3 Maria S. Merian-Berichte, Cruise MSM44, Nuuk Nuuk, 30 th of June th of July Narrative of the Cruise Expedition MSM66 was proposed to conduct research in the northern and western Baffin Bay on the Lancaster Sound trough mouth fan (LSTMF) and on the shelf of Baffin Island. For Canadian water in Baffin Bay navigation restriction limited the access to certain areas depending on the ice class of the vessel. RV Maria S. Merian was only allowed to enter the area east of Baffin Island after the 10 th of August. Therefore, before this date, research in the northern Baffin Bay was conducted. The scientific party of the expedition MSM66 arrived in Nuuk and signed in on RV Maria S. Merian on Friday the 21 st of July in the afternoon. The remaining time of the 21 st was used to unload the containers, assemble the sampling equipment, check the hydroacoustic systems on board and to set up the laboratories. After some final preparation, RV Maria S. Merian left Nuuk on the 22 nd of July at 11:15 UTC (09:15 ship time) to commence expedition MSM66 WESTBAFF to the north Baffin Bay. Soon after leaving Nuuk, the collection of hydroacoustic data commenced. This continued, except for the time of station work for the entire expedition until entering Icelandic water on the transit to Reykjavik. After a short transit, RV Maria S. Merian arrived in the first of seven working areas (working area 1) on the 23 rd of July at 14:30 UTC. It was a site on the lower continental slope between 1100 m and 700 m water depth, where elongated ridges and depression occur at the seafloor. On 26 th of July at 16:15 UTC, the transit was interrupted for a CTD cast and a short pre-site survey for an IODP proposal submitted by GEUS (working area 2). The pre-site survey was completed on the 27 th of July at 02:30 UTC. Following this survey, a Geo-station from MSM44 in 2015 was revisited and resampled between UTC and 20:00 UTC on the 27 th of July. After a CTD cast, a gravity core was successfully recovered. Then, the transit to the north Baffin Bay was resumed. We arrive in working area 3 in the southern Nares Strait on the 30 th of July at 01:00 UTC. Target was a glacial trough that enters into northern Baffin Bay. At the last geo-station also plankton was sampled with the MutiNet. On the 3 rd of August at 09:45 UTC, the sampling in working area 3 was completed and we commenced the transit to our next working area on the Lancaster Sound trough mouth fan. We arrived on the LSTMF (working area 4) on the 4 th of August at 03:30 UTC and started a survey to collect bathymetry and sediment echosounder data. The survey followed a profile from the Baffin Bay basin to the Lancaster Sound finishing in front of the Canadian territorial waters. Two initial profiles offset by the width of the swath of the multibeam echosounder were performed as reconnaissance survey. Based on the bathymetric and sediment echosounder data five geo-stations were selected at the deep and the shallow end of the profile and below and above steps in the morphology of the Lancaster Sound trough mouth fan for coring. In addition, plankton was sampled with the MultiNet at both ends of the survey. Work on the LSTMF finished on the 10 th of August at 04:30 UTC. At this time, we were allowed to enter navigation zone 9 east of Baffin Island according to navigation restriction in Canadian waters. Due to the ice situation the work in the eastern Baffin Bay was limited to the area of north Baffin Island. As a consequence, the activities were focused on the Clyde River area, where existing shallow seismic data indicated the presence of glacial landforms including grounding zone wedges. On the transit to Clyde River, on 11 th of August between 00:30 UTC and 02:30 UTC, we crossed a site in front of Scott inlet where natural oil seeps had been reported. However,

4 4 Maria S. Merian-Berichte, Cruise MSM, Nuuk Reykjavik, 22 nd of July th of August 2017 neither the sediment echosounder dater, nor the bathymetry or water column data showed any indication of the seeps. On the 11 th of August at 12:00 UTC we arrived in the Clyde River area (working area 5). Clyde River is an Inuit community, a hamlet. In addition to research permits provided by Canada and Nunavutm, working in the vicinity of a hamlet requires the approval of the local hamlet office. Therefore, the administration from Clyde River was contacted prior to arrival to arrange for a meeting. This meeting took place on board the RV Maria S. Merian on the 15 th of August at 13:00 UTC. In the time between arrival in the working area and the meeting, a mapping survey was conducted in Clyde trough and inlet. Following the meeting, the mapping was extended to Clyde fjord. Mapping of the fjord started on the 15 th of August at 22:00 UTC. Work in the working area 5 was completed on the 19 th of August at 09:30 and we commenced our transit to our next working area offshore southwest Greenland. During the transit, a transect for plankton was sampled with the MultiNet at 72 N, 70 N and 69 N. Furthermore, sea ice was collected for plankton analyses. In the Davis Strait and the north Labrador Sea, a transect of six CTD casts were performed. On arrival in the working area 6 offshore southwest Greenland on the 22 nd of August at 05:00 UTC, a hydroacoustic survey commenced. Based on the bathymetric data, four sites were selected for subsequent sampling. Targeted were small mound features located on the upper flanks of a canyon. Grab samples and gravity cores from the sites only produced stones with small coral and bryozoan fragments and sponges. Coral-bearing sediments were not encountered. To find additional coring targets, an additional bathymetry survey was done from 23 rd of August at 20:30 UTC until 11:30 UTC the following day. Based on the data 3 more coring sites with mounds of different shape and in different water depths were selected. Also at these sites, only gravel and rocks were recovered. Coring was stopped on the 24 th of August at 15:30 UTC and we commenced out transit to the last working area closed to Kap Farvel, the southernmost tip of Greenland. In last working area, we mapped a wreck in ca 150 m water depth. The wreck is expected to be the Terra Nova. On arrival we performed a CTD cast for water column velocities to calibrate the multibeam echosounder data. Than the wreck site was crossed varies times at varies angles to fully cover the wreck without acoustic shadows. The survey at the Terra Nova site lasted from the 25 th of August 02:00 UTC until 07:00 UTC the same day. Once this survey was completed, we commenced our transit to Reykjavik where we arrived according to schedule on the 28 th of August at 09:00 UTC. During most of the cruise the weather conditions were excellent with hardly any wind or swell. Only during the southward transit, winds picked up. This, however, did not affect the scientific work during the expedition. Furthermore, navigation restrictions in Canadian waters and the sea ice conditions required significant adjustments to the initially planned work programme. Because of navigation restrictions, we were only able to enter the area east of Baffin Island after the 10 th of August and because of sea ice conditions, scientific activities were focused in one area of Baffin Island.

5 Maria S. Merian-Berichte, Cruise MSM44, Nuuk Nuuk, 30 th of June th of July Track chart and study areas of RV Maria S. Merian Cruise MSM66 - WESTBAFF. Map compile and created by S. Dreutter, AWI. Background bathymetry from the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean IBCAO (Jakobsson et al., 2012).

6 6 Maria S. Merian-Berichte, Cruise MSM, Nuuk Reykjavik, 22 nd of July th of August 2017 Survey area 1 Survey area 2

7 Survey area 3 Maria S. Merian-Berichte, Cruise MSM44, Nuuk Nuuk, 30 th of June th of July

8 8 Maria S. Merian-Berichte, Cruise MSM, Nuuk Reykjavik, 22 nd of July th of August 2017 Survey area 4

9 Survey area 5 Maria S. Merian-Berichte, Cruise MSM44, Nuuk Nuuk, 30 th of June th of July

10 10 Maria S. Merian-Berichte, Cruise MSM, Nuuk Reykjavik, 22 nd of July th of August 2017 Survey area 6

11 Survey area 7 Maria S. Merian-Berichte, Cruise MSM44, Nuuk Nuuk, 30 th of June th of July

12 12 Maria S. Merian-Berichte, Cruise MSM, Nuuk Reykjavik, 22 nd of July th of August 2017 Acknowledgements The Scientific Shipboard Party during expedition MSM66 is very grateful to Captain Ralf Schmidt and his officers and crew for the excellent cooperation, the very professional and efficient technical assistance and the very good working atmosphere on board R/V MARIA S. MERIAN. They all contributed substantially to the overall scientific success of this cruise. Also acknowledged are the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), and the ArcticNet programme for providing data and information for cruise planning. Finally we thank the German Science Foundation (DFG) for providing ship time on R/V MARIA S. MERIAN to investigate the late Glacial and Holocene development of the palaeo-ice sheets of the north Baffin Bay and the palaoceanography of the north Baffin Bay.

13 Maria S. Merian-Berichte, Cruise MSM44, Nuuk Nuuk, 30 th of June th of July Participants Name Discipline Institution Boris Dorschel Chief scientist AWI Estelle Allan Palaeoce/Sediment UQAM Martin Bartels Palaeoce/Sediment MARUM Calvin Campbell Palaeoce/Sediment GSC Pierre-Olivier Couette Hydroacoustic ULaval Volker Diekamp Palaeoce/Sediment MARUM Simon Dreutter Hydroacoustic AWI Quentin Duboc Palaeoce/Sediment UQAR Jonah Geils Hydroacoustic AWI Mattia Greco Plankton MARUM Kai-Frederik Lenz Hydroacoustic AWI Birgit Lübben Plankton MARUM Mona Lütjens Hydroacoustic AWI Lina Madaj Palaeoce/Sediment MARUM Lara Perez CTD GEUS Beatriz Recinos Palaeoce/Sediment MARUM Jeetendra Saini Palaeoce/Sediment AWI Tobias Schade Palaeoce/Sediment MARUM Friederike Täuber Hydroacoustic AWI Laerke-Corinn Ulner Palaeoce/Sediment GEO AU Fynn Warnke Hydroacoustic AWI Jens Weiser Palaeoce/Sediment/CTD MARUM AWI GEO AU GEUS GSC MARUM ULava UQAM UQAR Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung Institute for Geoscience Aarhus University Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Geological Survey of Canada Zentrum für Marine Umweltwissenschaften, Universität Bremen Université Laval in Québec City Université du Québec à Montréal Université du Québec à Rimouski

14 14 Maria S. Merian-Berichte, Cruise MSM, Nuuk Reykjavik, 22 nd of July th of August Station List MSM66 Station No. Date Time Latitude Longitude Depth Recovery MSM66/ GeoB Gear in 2017 (UTC) ( N) ( W) (m) (cm) Comment MB+PS : ,688' N ,402' W 113 profile start MB+PS : ,220' N ,214' W 1479 profile end CTD/RO : ,381' N ,710' W MB+PS : ,298' N ,446' W 1475 profile start MB+PS : ,178' N ,624' W 490 profile end GC : ,170' N ,593' W BC : ,775' N ,650' W GC : ,051' N ,924' W MB+PS : ,070' N ,944' W 811 profile start MB+PS : ,107' N ,217' W 1832 profile end MN : ,109' N ,218' W MB+PS : ,334' N ,519' W 1844 profile start MB+PS : ,109' N ,235' W 1844 profile end MB+PS : ,125' N ,201' W 1843 profile start MB+PS : ,514' N ,682' W 640 profile end CTD/RO : ,511' N ,671' W GC : ,524' N ,535' W MB+PS : ,534' N ,639' W 642 profile start MB+PS : ,666' N ,449' W 661 profile end CTD/RO : ,631' N ,355' W MN : ,631' N ,358' W MB+PS : ,300' N ,644' W 657 profile start MB+PS : ,344' N ,197' W 875 profile end CTD/RO : ,117' N ,695' W GC : ,111' N ,677' W BC : ,101' N ,647' W GC : ,093' N ,618' W BC : ,296' N ,813' W GC : ,294' N ,755' W core bent GC : ,293' N ,703' W BC : ,865' N ,895' W GC : ,853' N ,850' W BC : ,206' N ,816' W GC : ,194' N ,803' W core bent BC : ,756' N ,684' W BC : ,176' N ,228' W BC : ,486' N ,216' W GC : ,477' N ,255' W BC : ,435' N ,623' W 550 no recovery GC : ,289' N ,769' W CTD/RO : ,183' N ,647' W MN : ,183' N ,648' W MB+PS : ,925' N ,957' W 653 profile start MB+PS : ,251' N ,811' W 2354 profile end CTD/RO : ,268' N ,715' W MB+PS : ,334' N ,099' W 2353 profile start MB+PS : ,003' N ,428' W 804 profile end CTD/RO : ,967' N ,445' W MN : ,967' N ,447' W MB+PS : ,494' N ,916' W 804 profile start MB+PS : ,881' N ,816' W 2358 profile end CTD/RO : ,700' N ,629' W MN : ,700' N ,630' W BC : ,704' N ,607' W GC : ,644' N ,581' W GC : ,592' N ,570' W MB+PS : ,658' N ,715' W 2348 profile start MB+PS : ,654' N ,243' W 1369 profile end CTD/RO : ,869' N ,388' W BC : ,878' N ,411' W GC : ,889' N ,416' W MB+PS : ,832' N ,149' W 1210 profile start MB+PS : ,571' N ,645' W 951 profile end CTD/RO : ,558' N ,641' W MN : ,550' N ,676' W 949

15 Maria S. Merian-Berichte, Cruise MSM44, Nuuk Nuuk, 30 th of June th of July Station No. Date Time Latitude Longitude Depth Recovery MSM66/ GeoB Gear in 2017 (UTC) ( N) ( W) (m) (cm) Comment BC : ,565' N ,713' W GC : ,578' N ,724' W BC : ,850' N ,228' W GC : ,864' N ,215' W core bent GC : ,877' N ,201' W GC : ,864' N ,287' W no recovery GC : ,864' N ,288' W MB+PS : ,863' N ,288' W 892 profile start MB+PS : ,917' N ,970' W 847 profile end CTD/RO : ,394' N ,034' W BC : ,388' N ,063' W GC : ,400' N ,046' W degassing GC : ,415' N ,019' W MB+PS : ,616' N ,536' W 839 profile start MB+PS : ,863' N ,173' W 894 profile end GC : ,860' N ,326' W MB+PS : ,638' N ,998' W 892 profile start MB+PS : ,636' N ,743' W 87 profile end MB+PS : ,351' N ,409' W 100 profile start MB+PS : ,274' N ,111' W 426 profile end CTD/RO : ,179' N ,639' W CTD/RO : ,771' N ,700' W MN : ,182' N ,636' W MB+PS : ,771' N ,698' W 425 profile start MB+PS : ,848' N ,210' W 25 profile end MB+PS : ,852' N ,179' W 29 profile start MB+PS : ,898' N ,952' W 365 profile end BC : ,170' N ,554' W CTD/RO : ,901' N ,952' W BC : ,901' N ,951' W GC : ,906' N ,923' W GC : ,171' N ,554' W MB+PS : ,905' N ,922' W 365 profile start MB+PS : ,187' N ,556' W 204 profile end CTD/RO : ,189' N ,553' W BC : ,188' N ,552' W GC : ,193' N ,537' W MB+PS : ,202' N ,476' W 202 profile start MB+PS : ,985' N ,306' W 361 profile end CTD/RO : ,979' N ,464' W BC : ,979' N ,464' W GC : ,976' N ,480' W MB+PS : ,976' N ,479' W 361 profile start MB+PS : ,522' N ,374' W 435 profile end CTD/RO : ,524' N ,372' W BC : ,524' N ,373' W GC : ,531' N ,349' W GC : ,757' N ,667' W CTD/RO : ,158' N ,304' W BC : ,158' N ,300' W GC : ,166' N ,290' W MB+PS : ,345' N ,019' W 490 profile end MB+PS : ,615' N ,703' W 386 profile start GC : ,804' N ,679' W CTD/RO : ,349' N ,020' W BC : ,349' N ,023' W GC : ,355' N ,036' W MB+PS : ,357' N ,028' W 491 profile start MB+PS : ,807' N ,041' W 36 profile end MB+PS : ,583' N ,622' W 56 profile start MB+PS : ,250' N ,828' W 233 profile end CTD/RO : ,686' N ,384' W BC : ,686' N ,382' W GC : ,692' N ,384' W CTD/RO : ,281' N ,649' W BC : ,280' N ,657' W GC : ,284' N ,657' W

16 16 Maria S. Merian-Berichte, Cruise MSM, Nuuk Reykjavik, 22 nd of July th of August 2017 Station No. Date Time Latitude Longitude Depth Recovery MSM66/ GeoB Gear in 2017 (UTC) ( N) ( W) (m) (cm) Comment CTD/RO : ,684' N ,819' W BC : ,684' N ,818' W GC : ,689' N ,828' W CTD/RO : ,043' N ,966' W BC : ,043' N ,962' W GC : ,061' N ,963' W no recovery MB+PS : ,021' N ,918' W 198 profile start MB+PS : ,009' N ,024' W 2323 profile end CTD/RO : ,996' N ,023' W MN : ,997' N ,022' W MN : ,997' N ,025' W MN : ,997' N ,024' W BC : ,064' N ,920' W MB+PS : ,999' N ,025' W 2329 profile start MB+PS : ,372' N ,785' W 2034 profile end GC : ,077' N ,910' W CTD/RO : ,999' N ,535' W MN : ,998' N ,534' W MN : ,996' N ,533' W MN : ,996' N ,533' W MB+PS : ,744' N ,042' W 2033 profile start MB+PS : ,959' N ,993' W 1802 profile end CTD/RO : ,003' N ,865' W MN : ,000' N ,847' W MN : ,009' N ,972' W MN : ,018' N ,108' W MB+PS : ,952' N ,807' W 1800 profile start MB+PS : ,243' N ,840' W 962 profile end CTD/RO : ,943' N ,365' W CTD/RO : ,936' N ,188' W CTD/RO : ,042' N ,148' W CTD/RO : ,195' N ,712' W CTD/RO : ,944' N ,462' W CTD/RO : ,490' N ,729' W MB+PS : ,017' N ,133' W 881 profile start MB+PS : ,065' N ,079' W 793 profile end Grab : ,040' N ,922' W BC : ,984' N ,671' W 771 no recovery GC : ,034' N ,886' W Grab : ,623' N ,445' W GC : ,609' N ,391' W Grab : ,453' N ,840' W GC : ,288' N ,938' W MB+PS : ,282' N ,633' W 673 profile start MB+PS : ,679' N ,093' W 1049 profile end GC : ,764' N ,310' W CTD/RO : ,107' N ,213' W GC : ,624' N ,734' W no recovery GC : ,615' N ,816' W no recovery GC : ,722' N ,478' W CTD/RO : ,055' N ,171' W MB+PS : ,560' N ,328' W 2732 profile start MB+PS : ,229' N ,651' W 189 profile end CTD/RO : ,255' N ,694' W MB+PS : ,362' N ,618' W 190 profile start MB+PS : ,662' N ,906' W 0 profile end MB+PS : ,083' N ,831' W 186 profile start MB+PS : ,127' N ,595' W 2892 profile end CTD/RO MN MB+PS GC x BC MUC VGRAB CTD & Rosette water sampler MultiNet Multibeam EM122, EM712 & Parasound survey Gravity corer with x m core barrel Box corer Multi corer Van Veen grab sampler