Mineral Physics & Crystallography

Transcription

1 AGU Reference Shelf

2 AGU Reference Shelf 2 Mineral Physics & Crystallography A Handbook of Physical

3 Published under the aegis of the AGU Books Board Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mineral physics and crystailography: a handbook of physical constants/ Thomas J. Ahrens, editor. p. cm. -- (AGU reference shelf ISSN X; 2) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN (acid-free) I. MineralogymHandbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Crystallography-- --Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Ahrens, T. J. (Thomas J.), II. Series. QE366.8.M '. I--de CIP ISBN ISSN X This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyfight 1995 by the American Geophysical Union 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC Figures, tables, and short excerpts may be reprinted in scientific books and journals if the source is properly cited. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by the American Geophysical Union for libraries and other users registered with the Copyfight Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the base fee of $1.00 per copy plus $0.20 per page is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Dr., Danvers, MA ISSN X/95/$ This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for creating new collective works or for resale. The reproduction of multiple copies and the use of full articles or the use of extracts, including figures and tables, for commercial purposes requires permission from AGU. Published by American Geophysical Union Printed in the United States of

4 CONTENTS Preface Thomas J. Ahrens vii Crystallographic Data for Minerals (2-1) Joseph R. Smyth and Tamsin C. McCormick 1 Thermodynamic Properties of Minerals (2-2) Alexandra Navrotsky 18 Thermal Expansion (2-4) Yingwei Fei 29 Elasticity of Minerals, Glasses, and Melts (2-5) Jay D. Bass 45 Elastic Constants of Mantle Minerals at High Temperature (2-5a) Orson L. Anderson and Donald G. Isaak 64 Static Compression Measurements of Equations of State (2-6a) Elise Knittie 98 Shock Wave Data for Minerals (2-6b) Thomas J. Ahrens and Mary L. Johnson 143 Electrical Properties of Minerals and Melts (2-8) James A. Tyburczy and Diana K. Fisler 185 Viscosity and Artelasticity of Melts (2-9) Donald B. Dingwell 209 Viscosity of the Outer Core (2-9a) R. A. Secco 218 Models of Mantle Viscosity (2-9b) Scott D. King 227 Plastic Rheology of Crystals (2-10) J.P. Poirier 237 Phase Diagrams of Earth-Forming Minerals (2-11) Dean C. Presnall

5 CONTENTS Diffusion Data for Silicate Minerals, Glasses, and Liquids (2-12) John B. Brady 269 Infrared, Raman, and Optical Spectroscopy of Earth Materials (2-13) Q. Williams 291 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Silicates and Oxides in Geochemistry and Geophysics (2-14) Jonathan F. Stebbins 303 M6ssbauer Spectroscopy of Minerals (2-15) Catherine McCaramon 332 Index

6 oo PREFACE The purpose of this Handbook is to provide, in highly accessible form, selected critical data for professional and student solid Earth and planetary geophysicists. Coverage of topics and authors were carefully chosen to fulfill these objectives. These volumes representhe third version of the "Handbook of Physical Constants." Several generations of solid Earth scientists have found these handbooks'to be the most frequently used item in their personalibrary. The first version of this Handbook was edited by F. Birch, J. F. Schairer, and H. Cecil Spicer and published in 1942 by the Geological Society of America (GSA) as Special Paper 36. The second edition, edited by Sydney P. Clark, Jr., was also published by GSA as Memoir 92 in Since 1966, our scientific knowledge of the Earth and planets has grown enormously, spurred by the discovery and verification of plate tectonics and the systematic exploration of the solar system. The present revision was initiated, in part, by a 1989 chance remark by Alexandra Navrotsky asking what the Mineral Physics (now Mineral and Rock Physics) Committee of the American Geophysical Union could produce that would be a tangible useful product. At the time I responded, "update the Handbook of Physical Constants." As soon as these words were uttered, I realized that I could edit such a revised Handbook.! thank Raymond Jeanloz for his help with initial suggestions of topics, the AGU's Books Board, especially Ian McGregor, for encouragement and enthusiastic support. Ms. Susan Yamada, my assistant, deserves special thanks for her meticulous stewardship of these volumes. I thank the technical reviewers listed below whose efforts, in all cases, improved the manuscripts. Thomas J. Ahrens, Editor California Institute of Technology Pasadena Carl Agee Thomas J. Ahrens Orson Anderson Don Anderson George H. BrimhaH John Brodhok J. Michael Brown Brace Buffett Robert Butler Clement Chase Robert Creaser Veronique Dchant Alfred G. D uba Larry Finger Michael Gaffey Carey Gazis Michael Gumis William W. Hay Thomas Heaton Thomas Herring Joel Ira Andreas K. Kronenberg Robert A. Langel John Longhi Guenter W. Lugmair Stephen Mackwell Gerald M. Mavko Walter D. Mooney Herbert Palme Dean Presnall Richard H. Rapp Justin Rcvcnaugh Rich Reynolds Robert Reynolds Yanick Ricard Frank Richter William I. Rose, Jr. George Rossman John Sass Surendra Ulrich Ricardo K. Saxena Schmucker Schwarz Doug E. Smylie Carol Stein Maureen Lars Stixrude Steiner Edward Stolper Stuart Ross Taylor Jeannot Trampert Marius Vassiliou Richard John M. Wahr Yuk P. Von Herzen