Rock Physics & Phase Relations

Transcription

1 AGU Reference Shelf

2 AGU Reference Shelf 3 Rock Physics & Phase Relations A Handbook of Physical Constants Thomas J. Ahrens,

3 Published under the aegis of the AGU Books Board Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rock physics and phase relations: a handbook of physical constants/ Thomas J. Ahrens, editor. p. cm. -- (AGU reference shelf, ISSN X; 3) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN (acid-free) 1. Petrology--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Ahrens, T. J. (Thomas J.), II. Series. QE433.8.R dc CIP ISBN ISSN X This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright 1995 by the American Geophysical Union 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC Figures, tables, and short excerpts may be reprinted in scientific books and journals if the source is properly cited. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by the American Geophysical Union for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the base fee of $1.00 per copy plus $0.20 per page is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Dr., Danvers, MA ISSN X/95/$ This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for creating new collective works or for resale. The reproduction of multiple copies and the use of full articles or the use of extracts, including figures and tables, for commercial purposes requires permission from AGU. Published by American Geophysical Union Printed in the United States of

4 CONTENTS Preface Thomas J. Ahrens vii Classification of Rocks and Their Abundances on the Earth (3-1) Myron G. Best 1 Sediments and Soils: Chemistry and Abundances (3-2) Scott M. McLennan 8 Acoustic Velocity and Attenuation in Porous Rocks (3-3) Kenneth W. Winklet and William F. Murphy III 20 Shock Wave Data for Rocks (3-4) Thomas J. Ahrens and Mary L. Johnson 35 Pressure-Volume-Temperature Properties of HzO-CO z Fluids (3-6) Teresa S. Bowers 45 Experimental Trace Element Partitioning (3-7) John H. Jones 73 Thermal Conductivity of Rocks and Minerals (3-9) Christoph Clauser and Ernst Huenges 105 Rock Failure (3-10) David A. Locknet 127 Rheology of Rocks (3-11) Brian Evans and David L. Kohlstedt 148 Phase Equilibria of Common Rocks in the Crust and Mantle (3-12) Claude Herzberg 166 Reflectance Spectra (3-13) Roger N. Clark 178 Magnetic Properties of Rocks and Minerals (3-14) Christopher P. Hunt, Bruce M. Moskowitz, and Subir K. Banerjee Mixture Theories for Rock Properties (3-15) James G. Berryman 205 Index 229

5 PREFACE The purpose of this Handbook is to provide, in highly accessible form, selected critical data for professional and student solid Earth and planetary geophysicists. Coverage of topics and authors were carefully chosen to fulfill these objectives. These volumes representhe third version of the "Handbook of Physical Constants." Several generations of solid Earth scientists have found these handbooks 'to be the most frequently used item in their personalibrary. The first version of this Handbook was edited by F. Birch, J. F. Schairer, and H. Cecil Spicer and published in 1942 by the Geological Society of America (GSA) as Special Paper 36. The second edition, edited by Sydney P. Clark, Jr., was also published by GSA as Memoir 92 in Since 1966, our scientific knowledge of the Earth and planets has grown enormously, spurred by the discovery and verification of plate tectonics and the systematic exploration of the solar system. The present revision was initiated, in part, by a 1989 chance remark by Alexandra Navrotsky asking what the Mineral Physics (now Mineral and Rock Physics) Committee of the American Geophysical Union could produce that would be a tangible useful product. At the time I responded, "update the Handbook of Physical Constants." As soon as these words were uttered, I realized that I could edit such a revised Handbook. I thank Raymond Jeanloz for his help with initial suggestions of topics, the AGU's Books Board, especially Ian McGregor, for encouragement and enthusiastic support. Ms. Susan Yamada, my assistant, deserves special thanks for her meticulous stewardship of these volumes. I thank the technical reviewers listed below whose efforts, in all cases, improved the manuscripts. Thomas J. Ahrens, Editor California Institute of Technology Pasadena Carl Agee Thomas J. Ahrens Orson Anderson Don Anderson George H. Brimhall John Brodholt J. Michael Brown Bruce Buffett Robert Clement Butler Chase Robert Creaser Veronique Dehant Alfred G. Duba Larry Finger Michael Gaffey Carey Gazis Michael Gumis William W. Hay Thomas Heaton Thomas Herring Joel Ira Andreas K. Kronenberg Robert A. Langel John Longhi Guenter W. Lugmair Stephen Mackwell Gerald M. Mavko Walter D. Mooney Herbert Palme Dean Presnall Richard H. Rapp Justin Revenaugh Rich Reynolds Robert Reynolds Yanick Ricard Frank Richter vii William I. Rose, Jr. George Rossman John Sass $urendra Ulrich Ricardo K. $axena Schmucker Schwarz Doug E. $mylie Carol Stein Maureen Lars Stixrude Steiner Edward $tolper Stuart Ross Taylor Jeannot Trampert Marius Vassiliou Richard John M. Yuk P. Von Herzen Wahr